WO1985004444A1 - Obturation - Google Patents

Obturation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1985004444A1
WO1985004444A1 PCT/AU1985/000060 AU8500060W WO8504444A1 WO 1985004444 A1 WO1985004444 A1 WO 1985004444A1 AU 8500060 W AU8500060 W AU 8500060W WO 8504444 A1 WO8504444 A1 WO 8504444A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tensionable
members
array
earth
opening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1985/000060
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Charles Tucker
Original Assignee
Gearhart Australia Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gearhart Australia Limited filed Critical Gearhart Australia Limited
Publication of WO1985004444A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985004444A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with a stopping for sealing underground tunnels such as mine roadways, tunnels and the like.
  • underground mines particularly coal mines
  • Mine stoppings may be permanent or temporary. Permanent stoppings may be constructed in the form of a brick or concrete wall or they may comprise substantial steel frames having a heavy metal sheeting attached thereto. Such stoppings are very slow and expensive to construct.
  • Temporary stoppings on the other hand are constructed from a variety of materials - often utilizing scrap materials no longer required for other purposes. Generally speaking temporary stoppings are often ineffective or inadequate due to the ad hoc nature of their construction or if a more formalised construction is employed they can often be very expensive to construct.
  • Temporary stoppings may be formed by erecting timber props on either side of a tunnel or roadway and then affixing wooden boards, flexible sheeting and the like thereto to form a support substrate. Wire netting or expanded metal sheet is then affixed to the support substrate and the structure then sprayed with a cementitious grout. When cured or set, the grount forms a rigid reinforced membrane. If there is any movement in the earth surrounding the temporary stopping due to stress relief in the earth mass, such stoppings can be destroyed by movement in the timber props etc.
  • Another more effective but substantially more expensive system comprises a substantial steel frame pre ⁇ fabricated to suit the dimensions of the tunnel.
  • the frame is attached to the tunnel walls and/or floor and/or roof by tensionable roof bolts.
  • a layer of wire mesh or expanded metal is then attached at its periphery to the steel frame and the entire structure sprayed with a cementitious grout.
  • this cementitious grout may include chopped fibreglass rovings to provide additional reinforcement.
  • stoppings are very expensive to construct.
  • they suffer the problem that when the cementitious grout is being sprayed onto the wire mesh or the like, flexing of the mesh occurs. As the mesh flexes on impact from the sprayed grout, grout already applied begins to sag or even dislodge from the mesh support. Accordingly the grout must be applied slowly and with great care and usually in excess of theoretical requirements.
  • a stopping system for underground tunnels and the like comprising:- an array of tensionable members arranged across an opening in an earth mass, said tensionable members being attached at their respective opposed ends by anchor members located within the earth mass; a sheet like support means associated with said tensionable members and extending substantially over the area of said opening; and a layer of cementitious material deposited on said support means and connected at least partially to said tensionable members to form a closure for said opening.
  • tensionable members comprise steel wires, rods, ropes, cables or the like or steel strapping.
  • said support means comprises wire mesh, expanded metal, or metal, timber or plastics lath sheets.
  • said anchor members comprise grouted rock bolts, mechanical earth anchors or the like.
  • cementitious material comprises a sprayable cementitious composition including reinforcement means.
  • said reinforcement means comprises glass or metal fibres, with or without enlarged ends.
  • said system includes means for applying tension to said tensionable members, said tension most preferably being applied before deposition of said cementitious material on said support means.
  • FIG 1 shows a front elevation of a stopping system.
  • FIG 2 shows a side elevation of the arrangement illustrated in FIG 1.
  • FIG 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • bore holes 1 are formed in an earth mass 2 surrounding a mine tunnel or the like 3 at diametrically opposed corners.
  • Earth anchors such as rock bolts 4, 5, 6, 7 or the like are then anchored in the bore holes.
  • the earth anchors comprise an elongate substantially U-shaped member fabricated from steel reinforcing rod. The free ends of the U-shaped member are anchored in the borehole by means of a chemical or cementitious grout.
  • a pair of flexible wire ropes or cables or steel strapping 8,8a are then connected at their opposed ends to the diametrically opposed rock bolts 5,7 and 4,6 respectively and then tensioned by any suitable conventional tensioning means.
  • a sheet of expanded metal or wire mesh 9 having dimensions corresponding substantially to the tunnel opening is placed between cables 8,8a and is secured thereto by wire twitches or the like 10 or in the case where the tensile members are steel strapping, self tapping screws or the like may be used.
  • a further bore hole 11 is formed in the roof 12 of the tunnel behind the wire mesh and anchored therein is a further earth anchor such as a rock bolt 13.
  • a tensioning cable 14 is then attached at one end to cables 8,8a at their intersection and at its other end to rock bolt 13. Cable 14 is then tensioned by a turnbuckle or the like 17 or any other suitable means.
  • cables 8,8a are further tensioned and the structure is deformed out of plane 15 to form a generally concave front surface • 16.
  • a cementitious grout material containing fibre reinforcement is then sprayed over the concave surface 15 to form a seal for the tunnel.
  • the cementitious material has dryed o cured, there is formed a very rigid construction sealing off the tunnel.
  • the rigid structure is firmly located over the face of the tunnel by the earth anchors and remains in a state of tension. Fluctuations is air pressure causing a pressure differential between the front and rear faces of the stopping do not cause flexure of the stopping wall due to the maintenance of tension on the structure.
  • the tensionable members may be arranged in vertical or horizontal array or combinations of vertical, horizontal and angled arrays.
  • the tensionable members may be tensioned by one or more tensioning cables as described above or the.members traversing the tunnel may include integral tensioning means such as turnbuckles or the like.
  • T e very flexible nature of the stopping construction enables it to be engineered according to load requirements.
  • the tensionable members may comprise say a 6mm diameter steel wire for low stress applciations or a 25mm diameter (or larger) steel cable for high stress applciations.
  • the anchored tensionable members provide a means for simply and inexpensively constructing an anchored support frame of any desirable shape or configuration for a stopping structure.
  • a sprayed cementitious liner may be anchored to an earth structure by an integral anchoring system. This may be used in conjunction with the stopping system or separately.
  • Liners for tunnels usually comprise one or more layers of wire mesh or the like anchored to the tunnel roof or walls by tensionable rock bolts. The mesh is then sprayed with a cementitious grout which when cured forms a shell-like reinforced concrete construction.
  • rock bolts provide a degree of reinforcing for the earth mass, they also act simply to hold the wire mesh in place prior to the application of the sprayable cementitious liner material. Once the sprayable concrete material has set, it adheres very strongly to the mesh and the face of the earth mass behind it thus obviating the need for the continued presence of the rock bolt anchors.
  • rock bolt anchors and their chemical grout packages are very expensive and thus there exists a need for a less expensive anchoring system.
  • the present aspect of the invention contemplates an integral anchor for tunnel liners.
  • bore holes 22 Prior to affixing a layer of wire mesh 20 to the surface of an earth mass 21 , bore holes 22 are drilled in the earth mass at suitab.ly spaced intervals.
  • the wire mesh 20 is then affixed to the exposed face of the earth mass by simple mechanical anchors 23, wire clips or even rock bolts at widely separated distances sufficient merely to hold the mesh 20 in place.
  • the cementitious grout 25 is sprayed over the reinforcing mesh in a conventional manner except that when an open • bore hole 22 is encountered an elongate spray nozzle is inserted into the bore hole to completely fill the bore hole 22 with cementitious grout. The process is continued to achieve a cementitious liner with integrally formed "spikes" 24 extending into the earth mass at regular intervals.
  • the tensile strength of the cementitious material will be found to be adequate in most cases for the integrally formed anchors.
  • the fibrous reinforcement may comprise chopped fibreglass rovings or enlarged end glass or steel fibres.
  • pumpable fibre reinforced grout may be utilized to create integral reinforcing elements.
  • reinforcing elements may be created in situ. After a bore hole is formed in the pillar wall, a grout nozzle is inserted therein and the nozzle is progressively withdrawn while pumping grout into the bore hole. When cured, the fibre reinforced cementitious element adheres to the wall of the bore hole over its entire length thus providing reinforcement for the earth mass.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

Un système d'obturation pour un tunnel souterrain comporte un réseau de câbles d'acier (8, 8a) tendus au travers de l'ouverture (3) du tunnel et reliés à leurs extrémités libres à des ancres (4, 5, 6, 7) placées dans des trous de forage (1) autour de la périphérie de l'ouverture (3). Une fine structure maillée d'acier (9) est fixée en travers du réseau afin de couvrir l'ouverture et un matériau de ciment durcissable est pompé ou pulvérisé sur la structure maillée d'acier afin de former une obturation pour le tunnel. Une tension supplémentaire peut être appliquée au réseau avant l'application du matériau de ciment en tendant un autre câble (14) entre le centre du réseau et une ancre (13) située à distance et placée dans un trou de forage (11).
PCT/AU1985/000060 1984-03-26 1985-03-26 Obturation WO1985004444A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU428284 1984-03-26
AUPG4282 1984-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985004444A1 true WO1985004444A1 (fr) 1985-10-10

Family

ID=3694731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1985/000060 WO1985004444A1 (fr) 1984-03-26 1985-03-26 Obturation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0174964A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1985004444A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998019046A1 (fr) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Fosroc International Limited Procede et dispositif servant a ventiler des travaux souterrains
WO1999056002A1 (fr) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-04 Cervetto Courtice Solicitors Barrage par lignes de cables
GB2349400A (en) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-01 Kennedy Jack Metal Prod Permanent mine stopping
AU749929B2 (en) * 1998-04-27 2002-07-04 Cervetto Courtice Solicitors Cable line stopping
WO2019063033A1 (fr) * 2017-09-28 2019-04-04 K+S Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé pour ériger un barrage contre les gaz

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4096702A (en) * 1975-10-17 1978-06-27 Burton Willard J Mine stopping device and method of constructing same
SU636409A1 (ru) * 1975-09-15 1978-12-05 Научно-Исследовательский Горнорудный Институт Перемычка дл шахтных выработок
SU1052674A2 (ru) * 1982-06-04 1983-11-07 Джезказганский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Цветной Металлургии Ограждающа перемычка дл камерно-столбовой системы разработки
AU1234483A (en) * 1982-05-11 1983-11-17 Kennedy, J.M. Partition for ventilation in mine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU636409A1 (ru) * 1975-09-15 1978-12-05 Научно-Исследовательский Горнорудный Институт Перемычка дл шахтных выработок
US4096702A (en) * 1975-10-17 1978-06-27 Burton Willard J Mine stopping device and method of constructing same
AU1234483A (en) * 1982-05-11 1983-11-17 Kennedy, J.M. Partition for ventilation in mine
SU1052674A2 (ru) * 1982-06-04 1983-11-07 Джезказганский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Цветной Металлургии Ограждающа перемычка дл камерно-столбовой системы разработки

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998019046A1 (fr) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-07 Fosroc International Limited Procede et dispositif servant a ventiler des travaux souterrains
US6450735B1 (en) 1996-10-31 2002-09-17 Fosroc International Limited Method and equipment for ventilating underground workings
WO1999056002A1 (fr) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-04 Cervetto Courtice Solicitors Barrage par lignes de cables
AU749929B2 (en) * 1998-04-27 2002-07-04 Cervetto Courtice Solicitors Cable line stopping
GB2349400A (en) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-01 Kennedy Jack Metal Prod Permanent mine stopping
US6220785B1 (en) 1999-04-28 2001-04-24 Jack Kennedy Metal Products & Buildings, Inc. Mine stopping, method of constructing same and panels thereof
GB2349400B (en) * 1999-04-28 2003-08-06 Kennedy Jack Metal Prod Mine stopping, method of constructing same and panels thereof
WO2019063033A1 (fr) * 2017-09-28 2019-04-04 K+S Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé pour ériger un barrage contre les gaz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0174964A1 (fr) 1986-03-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7207149B2 (en) Anchor and method for reinforcing a structure
US7377725B2 (en) Arched soil nail wall
US7574840B1 (en) Connector for reinforcing the attachment among structural components
US7980033B1 (en) System and method for increasing the shear strength of a structure
EP1240392B1 (fr) Organe de stabilisation de talus
AU2006328262B2 (en) Reinforcement liner installation mold for a corrugated steel plate structure
US6565288B1 (en) Soil nail apparatus
JP5113342B2 (ja) 盛土構造物
US8966846B1 (en) Steel anchored reinforced mine seal
EA031926B1 (ru) Способ формирования опоры и усиления проходящих рядом параллельных туннелей арматурными стержнями
US5395185A (en) Method of temporarily shoring and permanently facing and excavated slope with a retaining wall
CN111877366A (zh) 一种组合式基坑支护结构及其施工方法
WO1985004444A1 (fr) Obturation
KR102111153B1 (ko) Pc강연선을 이용한 옹벽패널 구조물
US3971226A (en) Prestressed roof support system
KR102300604B1 (ko) 섬유보강 모르타르 바름에 의한 조적조 건축물의 내진 보강 방법
CN212506313U (zh) 一种组合式基坑支护结构
JP2002047650A (ja) 組アンカー体及びその施工方法
KR102505365B1 (ko) 터널 숏크리트 낙하 방지용 지보재
KR20210090330A (ko) Pe부직포방수시트와 가설지지재가 일체로 조립된 방수 겸 거푸집결합체 및 이를 이용한 직4각형단면의 하부 지하구조물의 설치공법
KR101817556B1 (ko) 흙막이구조
KR20060122381A (ko) 팽창수축형 지반보강재
KR102647214B1 (ko) 자원 회수가 용이한 흙막이 벽체용 프리스트레스트 말뚝 및 이의 시공방법
JPS6149023A (ja) 既製コンクリ−ト杭の補強方法
SU1273582A1 (ru) Способ бесшпурового анкеровани горных пород

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Designated state(s): AU US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LU NL SE