WO1985003109A1

WO1985003109A1 - Internal combustion engine with ignition by high energy rays which may be introduced into the combustion chamber

Info

Publication number: WO1985003109A1
Application number: PCT/EP1985/000002
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joachim Schick; Herbert Kaniut
Original assignee: Joachim Schick; Herbert Kaniut
Priority date: 1984-01-03
Filing date: 1985-01-03
Publication date: 1985-07-18
Also published as: DE3564848D1; EP0167608B1; DE3400034A1; EP0167608A1

Abstract

A substantially instantaneous ignition of an ignitable fuel mixture during the compression phase in the volume of the combustion chamber of an alternating or rotary piston machine may be obtained together with a combination of a lean mixture and a reduction of noxious product emission by introducing high energy rays in the form of a plurality of unfocused laser rays (30) into the combustion chamber so as to generate in the combustion chamber at least at the ignition time a layer traversed by a plurality of those rays (30), the arrangement being such that the wall of the combustion chamber, and during the compression phase, the front surface of the piston facing said walls are close to the layer and that, at the ignition moment, at least in a surface area of the layer, elementary ignition processes are triggered so that the flame fronts providing from the neighbouring elementary ignition processes meet before a displacement of the front surface of the piston during the expansion stroke.

Description

Internal combustion engine with ignition by high-energy rays that can be introduced into the combustion chamber.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine in which an ignitable fuel mixture is compressed in a combustion chamber during compression by means of a reciprocating piston or a rotary piston, with light guides opening into this combustion chamber space and via which high-energy radiation emanating from a light source arrangement can be introduced into the combustion chamber in the form of several unfocused beams, in particular laser beams.

It is already known to ignite an ignitable fuel mixture enclosed in a combustion chamber space at the ignition time by means of radiation, which is focused by means of suitable optics on a point within the combustion chamber space containing the compressed ignitable fuel mixture. This focal point corresponds to the arc or ^* Zünd¬ sparks between the electrodes of the spark plug of a herkömm¬ union ignition system and forms the starting point of Flammen¬ fronts, the hin¬ through the combustible fuel mixture by the Brennkammerwänd n and propagate towards this adjacent piston end face. It has been shown that when the flame fronts spread from a point within Half of the combustion chamber space made of comparatively rich ignitable fuel mixtures are a prerequisite for proper functioning, these rich mixtures in turn being the cause for a comparatively high pollutant emission by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine in question.

However, if the flame front spreads more slowly when using leaner ignitable fuel mixtures or if the flame front extinguishes in some areas, complete ignition of the compressed ignitable fuel mixture can be disturbed and sometimes the piston runs at the start of the expansion stroke of the flame front as it were, whereby the performance of the internal combustion engine is reduced and in turn the pollutant emission increases.

From US Pat. No. 4,314,530, an internal combustion engine of the type described in the introduction is known, in which multiple light guides are used to introduce laser beams from several light sources into the combustion chamber space containing the compressed ignitable fuel mixture, with the aim of at several points , which line up along the laser beams in their section passing through the combustion chamber space, to trigger elementary ignition processes in order in this way to be able to trigger a more complete combustion by the high-energy radiation. In this known system, however, it can happen that, especially when using lean ignitable fuel mixtures, only certain areas of the cross-section of the cylinder are preferably covered with points in which elementary ignition processes are triggered, so that a highly irregular loading of the piston and the cylinder walls occurs and a desired uniform ignition of the compressed ignitable fuel mixture is not achieved.

Furthermore, it is known from Japanese patent application 56-173934 to contain an ignitable fuel mixture in a to introduce the laser chamber into the combustion chamber space and to guide it within the combustion chamber space such that the laser beams are focused at a plurality of focal points within the combustion chamber space. These too well-known _ι te way the radiation ignition does not allow a Jim substantially uniform ignition of the compressed zündba-

! ren fuel mixture and also has the disadvantage of i considerable technical effort.

I I

The object of the invention is to achieve an internal combustion engine of the general type briefly described at the outset in such a way that, even when lean and very lean ignitable fuel mixtures are used, high efficiency and low pollutant emission by the Exhaust gases and a comparatively simple structure of the internal combustion engine can be achieved.

This object is achieved in that inde- | At least at the ignition point in the combustion chamber, one of | A large number of layers penetrated by radiation can be generated and: the arrangement is such that the combustion chamber walls and,! in the compression phase, which are located opposite this piston face near this layer and that at the time of ignition at least in a substantial area of the layer elementary ignition processes can be triggered in such a way that those of neighboring elementary ignition processes

I.

¹ outgoing flame fronts meet before a significant ^■ displacement of the piston face in the expansion cycle.

This means that according to the invention in the combustion chamber volume containing the compressed r ignitable fuel mixture

¹ in the form of a flat, for example disk-shaped ι

A three-dimensional structure is created which is interspersed with a multitude of high-energy rays in a network-like or lattice-like manner, so that at the time of ignition in this layer an essentially over the entire cylinder - left -

Ignition layer extending cross-section or combustion chamber cross-section can be produced, from which flame fronts which correspond essentially to the combustion chamber cross-section on the one hand spread stable flame fronts towards the combustion chamber walls and on the other hand towards the piston end face, before a substantial movement of the piston end face in the expansion phase has taken place.

According to the invention, the generation of the ignition layer in the aforementioned sense can be supported by a number of measures.

One of these measures provides for a particularly high compression of the ignitable fuel mixture so that the molecular movement within the combustion chamber space containing the compressed ignitable fuel mixture is, with high statistical probability, a sufficiently large number of molecular combinations causing the ignition into the Drives a large number of high-energy rays within the combustion chamber space.

A further possibility for supporting the formation of the ignition layer consists in adding radiation absorption means to the ignitable fuel mixture, the corresponding absorption means being specified in detail below.

In addition, an improvement in the triggering of the ignition processes can be achieved by pulsing the ignition-triggering radiation. Depending on the fuel mixture used and the speed of the internal combustion engine, pulse frequencies in the range from 500 Hz to 1 MHz can be used.

Furthermore, it is important for an improved mode of operation of the internal combustion engine of the type proposed here if the combustion chamber walls and the piston end face are shaped in such a way that they at least in some areas correspond to those of the The layer penetrated by the rays run parallel at a short distance. The shape of the combustion chamber is therefore preferably selected such that it is optimally adapted to the layer of the combustion chamber space penetrated by rays, so that the walls of the combustion chamber enclose the igniting light rays on a small scale. The arrangement can also be such that the igniting light beams sweep the combustion chamber space to fill the space in the compression phase. In this way, reliable ignition is obtained with lean air-fuel mixtures, e.g. B. up to approximately equal to 1.7 and also in the case of super-lean air-fuel mixtures, eg. B. to / \ over about 2.0.

As already said, the beams can be introduced into the combustion chamber space in large numbers by means of light guides, the light guides leading away from the common chamber from a common light source, in particular a laser. Special cooling devices expediently protect both the light guide and the light source from the temperature rise due to the heat which is transmitted from the engine block by radiation or heat conduction. The light guides can be guided in fixed or exchangeable light guide housings.

A particularly expedient embodiment for reciprocating piston internal combustion engines provides that the individual light guides are guided in a light guide housing in the form of a light guide ring, a common light source being located at a point on the outer circumference of the light guide ring and the light guides starting from the light source and being circumferential finally distribute radially inwards towards the bore of the light guide ring, which corresponds to the cylinder cross-section, in order to finally merge into the bore inner wall of the light guide ring from all sides at a large number of points. Another embodiment, which is suitable both for reciprocating piston internal combustion engines and for rotary piston internal combustion engines, contains, as the light guide housing, a rotationally symmetrical body with a beam entry surface and a beam exit surface, of which due to a diverging profile of the individual light guides in a fan of rays emerges into the combustion chamber space in the rotationally symmetrical body.

Some exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawing. Show it:

1 shows a longitudinal section through a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with an ignition system of the type specified here and in a type without a cylinder head gasket,

2 shows a cross section through the internal combustion engine according to FIG. 1 corresponding to the section line A-A indicated in FIG. 1;

3 shows a longitudinal section through a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine in a different embodiment and in a type with a cylinder head gasket,

4 shows a half of a light guide insert for introducing the igniting light beams into the combustion chamber space of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engines according to FIGS. 1 and 3,

5 shows an end view of two joined halves of the light guide insert according to FIG. 4, 6 shows a longitudinal section through yet another embodiment of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with an optical fiber housing in the form of an optical fiber ring, which is attached to it with the aid of an optical fiber cable

I i a remote radiation generator

■ the device is connected,

! Fig. 7 is a partially drawn in section! View of the light guide ring of the internal combustion engine according to FIG. 6 accordingly

| of those indicated in this figure

'' Cutting plane C-C,

8 shows a section through a rotary piston internal combustion engine with an ignition system i of the type specified here,

9 shows a sectional view through the internal combustion engine according to FIG. 8 in accordance with the sectional plane D-D indicated in this drawing figure,

10 shows a partial view of the rotary piston of the internal combustion engine according to FIG. 8 corresponding to the viewing direction indicated by the arrow E in FIG. 8 and

Fig. 11 is a double diagram to explain the

Relationships in the combustion of super lean ignitable mixtures.

The internal combustion engine according to FIG. 1 has an engine cylinder 12, the cylinder head of which is connected in one piece to the cylinder block. The reciprocating piston 14, which is connected to the connecting rod 16 in the usual manner, is guided within the cylinder. The Reciprocating piston 14 has a flat end face which faces a corresponding flat combustion chamber wall, the valves located in the cylinder head part 17 opening into these planes, in a radial surface relative to the cylinder axis, which results in a very simple construction. Between the cylinder block and the cylinder head 17 there is a bore with a conical base that opens into the upper region of the cylinder chamber and is approximately radial to the cylinder axis, into which a light guide insert 1 having a frustoconical front end is used as a light guide housing via a conical ring seal 22, for example made of copper , is used. The light guide insert 1 is interposed by a pressure compensation ring 46, the punctiform. Avoids pressure concentrations on the light guide insert 1, by means of a holding flange 20 equipped with support legs 21 in the manner shown in FIG. 1 attached to the cylinder block 12 or the cylinder head 17. In the light guide insert 1, multiple light guides 31 run from a beam entry surface 38 of the light guide insert to a convex beam exit surface 36 in the manner shown in FIG. 2 in such a way that the igniting light beams running in the flat disk-shaped combustion chamber space or cylinder space 30 within the space mentioned fulfill a thin layer often penetrated by light rays.

In particular, it should be noted with regard to the light guide insert 1 that it can be made of technical ceramic or Invar steel, while the light guide inside can be made of quartz. As will be explained further below in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5, the light guide insert 1 is preferably made of two halves 33 which have grooves which are incorporated in their mutually facing contact surfaces for receiving the light guides 31. Preferably, two half-compartments of the light guides are formed, which emerge in two planes one above the other. The jet exit surface 36 has a small diameter in order to absorb little heat to reach. The convex shape serves for easier cleaning.

After joining, the two halves 33 of the light guide insert 1 are processed, for example by gluing or brazing with silver solder, in particular on the sealing surfaces and the force introduction surfaces. The beam entry area; 38 and the beam exit surface 36 are finely machined. : The aforementioned ring seal 22, which is made, for example, of copper, brings about good heat dissipation from the light guide. Use to the cooling water jacket of the internal combustion engine. The ; Cooling is set so that on the one hand the jet! tread surface 36 is kept free of fuel droplets, but on the other hand a glow of the jet exit surface 36 is prevented.

The holding flange 20 is preferably designed as a triangular flange with three holding screws and three support legs 21. A rear cylindrical extension of the light guide insert 1 extends through the central opening of the holding flange and the holding flange exerts a pressure holding force on the planar annular surface ^J PS light guide insert 1 via the pressure compensation ring 46, which can be made of aluminum or copper. The depth of the tapered base receiving bore for the light guide extension 1 from the support surface of the holding flange 20 is tolerated so that the ring seal 22 seals when the support legs 21 of the holding flange 20 positively sit against the support surface. In addition, the holding flange 20 has an outer centering collar 24, on which a centering cap 29 of a housing 25 with a sliding seat fits, the housing 25 enclosing a radiation-generating device 5, in particular a laser. A beam of rays emerges from the radiation-generating device 5 in the middle and is centered on the entry ends of the light guides 31 in the middle of the beam entry surface 38 of the light guide insert 1. The housing 25 for the radiation-generating device 5 has three cooling devices in order to keep the heat of the internal combustion engine away from the radiation-generating device 5 and also to effectively dissipate the heat generated in the radiation-generating device 5 itself. A cooling device forms the arrangement of outer cooling fins that can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2; ensure that the rear end of the housing to which the radiation-generating device 5 is connected is cooler than the front end of the housing 25 fastened to the internal combustion engine.

¹ The second cooling device is of such a design! of the housing 25 created that a cooling air flow through the '. Housing comes about, which at the rear end in the housing; enters at 26 and exits at 28 at the front end of the housing on the internal combustion engine side.

Finally, a third cooling device takes the form of a radiation protection ring and cooling air guide ring 27 with a polished surface, which keeps the heat radiation of the holding flange 20 away from the radiation-generating device 5 and directs the cooling air towards the end of the device.

If the ignition system proposed here is applied to a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine which has a cylinder head device, then the light guide insert 1 and the beam-generating device 5 according to FIG. 3 can assume a different position from the vertical position with respect to the cylinder axis and that The system can be connected to the cylinder head 17 in the manner shown in the drawing. , The cylinder head gasket is designated 23 in FIG. For the rest, the same reference numerals are used in FIG. 3 as are entered in FIGS. 1 and 2 for corresponding components. While in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the combustion chamber space in the compression phase has the shape of a ^: flat disk into which the fan of the igniting rays ^; from the periphery of the disc radially inwards at half the height of the disc, a corresponding close. ^'Enclosure of the fan beam through the combustion chamber walls [and the piston end face in the embodiment of Figure ^3; can be achieved in that the piston head a rotational; symmetrical hump 18 receives a spherical crest and! has rounded transitions to the piston crown and its

Axis to the piston axis an e centric indicated at 19! Has distance.

Otherwise, the embodiments according to FIGS. 1; and 2 as well as according to FIG. 3 that a feed device 7 for controlling the radiation-generating device 5 is controlled via a feed line from the ignition contact on the camshaft. The power supply is designated 10 and the ignition switch on the ignition key is indicated at 11. .

FIGS. 6 and 7 show a particularly expedient embodiment of the light guide housing for an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head 17 separated from the cylinder block 12. In this embodiment, the light guide housing has the shape of a light guide ring 2 which, as can be seen from FIG. 6, consists of two halves 35 is composed. These halves in turn have grooves on their mutually facing contact surfaces for receiving light guides 32 and the light guides accommodated therein lead from the beam entry surface 39 to the beam exit surface 37 matched to the cylinder inner surface. The embodiment according to FIG 4 with 34 designated grooves have a depth corresponding to the diameter of the light guide, so that one half of the light guide body carries the light guide to form a beam fan, while the other half of the light guide body supports the light guide formation of the second fan of rays. In the light guide ring 2 35 half-grooves can be formed on the mutually facing surfaces of the halves, so that channels for laying out the light guides 32 are formed in a single plane after the light guide ring halves have been assembled. The light ^! The conductor ring 2 has a low overall height in order to realize a small beam exit area 37 for the purpose of only a low heat absorption.

The two light guide ring halves 35 can in turn be made of technical ceramic or Invar steel and glued to one another or soldered with silver solder. The cylinder head seals 23 on both sides of the light guide ring 2 effect appropriate cooling of the ring by appropriate heat dissipation to the cooling water jacket of the internal combustion engine, conditions similar to those described for the light guide insert 1 of the previously described embodiments .

It is also noteworthy that in the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, a radiation-generating device, for example a laser 6, which is acted upon by the feed device 7, is arranged away from the internal combustion engine and with the light guide ring 2 via a light guide cable 3 and a Optical fiber coupling 4 is connected.

However, it should be pointed out that this design can also be used in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or according to FIG. 3, while conversely the connection of the light guide insert 1 of the previously described embodiments with the radiation-generating device can also be carried out via optical fiber cables and optical fiber coupling , as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 can be made.

As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the light guide insert 1 can also be used for Wankel rotary piston internal combustion engines, but has a greater length than in the case of Reciprocating internal combustion engines because the epitrochoid-shaped housing wall of the motor housing 13, which is provided with inlet and outlet channels, has a flat entry angle for the light; blasting as shown in Figure 8. Therefore it is | moderate, on the holding flange 20, an additional centering shoulder 47: to be provided, which is accommodated in a corresponding recess in the housing i of the internal combustion engine with a narrow sliding seat. The centering attachment can also be provided for shorter light guide inserts for reciprocating piston internal combustion engines.

I I

: The rotary piston 15, which with circumferential sealing strips 41 and! a flame retainer 42 in the form of additional sealing strips! is provided with a limited stroke, with holding pieces 43 limiting the stroke of the elam retainers 42, is provided on the circular: piston bottom with combustion chamber longitudinal grooves 40 which _; I of approximately one on each side of the triangular piston

| Extend circumferential sealing strip to the other circumferential sealing strip. In these longitudinal grooves 40, the one with the trochoid wall

_; form flat rectangular combustion chamber, the igniting light beams 30 are introduced from the central region of a rectangular side of the combustion chamber at half the height of the combustion chamber.

A special feature of the Wankel rotary piston internal combustion engine shown is the additional flame retainer 42 in the form of the additional sealing strip which only seals on the circumference and has a limited stroke in front of the circumferential sealing strips 41, ie. H. , leading the peripheral sealing strips. Due to the stroke limitation, the flame retainers 42 do not touch the entire trochoidally shaped housing wall, but only the flattened parts of the trochoids.

The effect of the flame retardant is illustrated in FIG. 10. When the circumferential strips 41 pass through the combustion chamber slot 44 to introduce the igniting light beams, the slot being wider than the so-called firing opening in the case of spark-electric ignition, the combustion gases 45 flow around the flame retardant strips on both sides, then the narrow gap between the rotary piston and trochoid between the two sealing strips 41 and 42 to the inside and finally reach outside the peripheral sealing strip 41 and along the width of the slot 44 into the fresh gas of the subsequent chamber. The fuel gases are cooled by the cool machine parts and especially by the trochoid wall and the flame is extinguished. At the same time, the fresh gas is blown back into the subsequent chamber from the space between the two sealing strips and, in the further course of the rotary piston process, can no longer get into the exhaust gases as an unburned hydrocarbon fraction, as a result of which the hydrocarbon emission in the exhaust gases is reduced. The flame retardant strips 42 can be made from coal or from technical ceramics.

The relationships of the super-lean combustion concept are shown in FIG. 10 with the aid of known internal combustion engine diagrams and with moderate turbulence in the combustion chamber. The ignition limit is 62, the knock limit at z. B. RON = 92 with 63. Furthermore, the leanness limit for electrical single-point spark ignition is indicated at 64 and the working range for electrical single-point spark ignition at 65. The area 66 is the working area in the case of light beam ignition with the realization of a multiplicity of points with elementary ignition processes. The arrow 67 indicates the shift in the lean limit 64 by the light beam ignition. At 68, a design point for a light-beam ignited internal combustion engine is entered, for example. With 69, 70, 71 and 72, the characteristic curves of the hydrocarbon emission in the case of ignition with one ignition spark or with two ignition sparks or with three ignition sparks or with five ignition sparks are shown in the diagram.

FIG. 10 is a double diagram which shows the known relationships between the air-fuel ratio Jζ and the compression in the upper part, and that in the lower part Relationship between the air-fuel ratio ^ and the exhaust gas emissions CO, O and CH illustrated. Since the air ^! Fuel ratio is arranged on the horizontal axes in both sub-diagrams, one can determine its value! the upper part directly into the lower part, and; vice versa. I ι

The super-lean combustion concept due to the construction specified here is located in the right half of both part diagrams, to the right of the leanness limit 64.

, In this area, the conventional single-point spark! fertilizer can no longer be used advantageously, because in the very: lean air-fuel mixture, the front burns up prematurely, extinguishes, a lot of unburned hydrocarbons remain as residual gases, and the CH emissions increase. An improvement through Combustion throughout the cylinder charge can only- by a ^{multiplicity:} be repeatedly achieved ignition and turn on the mixture simultaneously in many points. For this, z. B. ten or more spark plugs useful, but which are not to be accommodated in the cylinder head, and whose power supply would be very expensive and difficult.

In order to achieve the same effect with significantly simpler means, the light beam ignition is proposed, which is the mechanical engineering basis for the super-lean combustion concept.

The light beam ignition is designed from the outset to generate many ignition points that are also spatially distributed in the combustion chamber. Comparable to this is e.g. B. a spatial distribution of the ignition points in spark plugs is not possible. In particular, a light beam ignition with a beam fan is suitable for successively striking the small and very small fuel droplets in the combustion chamber which are caused by spatial turbulence in the whirling movements and their individual burn-off or burn-off with several small ones Burning to cause fronts. It is important that the temperature increase required to achieve ignition in the light beams is not great, since the ignition temperature of the air-fuel mixture

. with increased compression is already around 250 ° C, and the temperature increase due to the compression

> accommodates. Due to the spatial multi-point ignition with a medium turbulence in the combustion chamber, unburned hydrocarbons can essentially not remain as residual gases. that, as indicated at 74 and 73, the CH emission of this region 66 can be effectively reduced.

On this basis, a construction point 68 for a light-beam-ignited internal combustion engine is entered in both partial diagrams, with z. B. Air-fuel ratio of + ~ 1.9; a compression ζ of ^ »13 and a CH emission of * _* l, 5 g / KWh. It is assumed that even higher leanings and densifications can be achieved, as entered at 75.

In addition, the light beam ignition also offers the following operational options:

a) the exhaust gas catalytic converter is superfluous and can be omitted, the super-lean combustion ensuring low harmful exhaust gas emissions, which may be even cheaper than when using a catalytic converter. This makes the internal combustion engine cheaper to manufacture and to maintain; b ^* the motor vehicle can (temporarily) also run on leaded fuels without suffering any damage;

c) the fuel consumption drops further because the air-fuel mixture is emaciated again;

d) the knocking combustion will be completely eliminated, because due to the simultaneous spatial multi-point ignition with medium turbulence, no residual mixture areas remain which ignite automatically due to the ignition pressure increase in the combustion chamber;

e) the octane number requirement of the internal combustion engine is reduced (can be seen in the upper part diagram of FIG. 10), as a result of which no lead ethyl and perhaps hardly any other knocking brakes are required in the fuel:

f) the light beam ignited internal combustion engine can, for. B. Fuel injection can also be operated with diesel oil or with kerosene.

As already noted, dyes can be added to the fuel, which increase the radiation absorption and thereby improve the readiness to ignite and which lighten up when burned in order to open the way to further, still unburned mixture areas for the igniting light beam. Such dyes are, for example, cryptocamine-methanol solutions in combination with ruby lasers as the radiation source or phthalocyanine nitrobenzene solutions in combination with Nd gas lasers or explosives, such as picric acid for lasers in the yellow spectrum range or for broadband lasers. In addition, as already mentioned, the ignition processes can be improved by pulsing the laser beams in the frequency range from 500 Hz to 1 MHz.

Claims

¹ 1. Internal combustion engine, which is an ignitable fuel mixture j

I is compressed during a compression phase by means of a reciprocating piston (14) J or a rotary piston (15) in a combustion chamber space, with light guides opening into this combustion chamber space

(31, 32), via which, from a light source arrangement (5, 6), high-energy radiation in the form of several, not ¹

! focused beams (30), in particular laser beams into which

> Combustion chamber can be inserted, characterized in that

I at least at the ignition point in the combustion chamber, a layer penetrated by a large number of beams (30) can be generated I j and the arrangement is such that the combustion chamber walls |

I and, in the compression phase, the j

I piston face are located near this layer and that j j further at least in a substantial area at the time of ignition

Elementary ignition processes in this way I

I j

'can be triggered that the from neighboring elementary Zündvor- j

! outgoing flame fronts faced an essential one;

Shift the piston face in the expansion cycle. !

. 2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outgoing from the elementary ignition processes Flammen¬ fronts meet the combustion chamber walls and the piston end face before the piston end face has shifted significantly in the expansion cycle.

3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a high compression, suitably over 1:10, in particular over 1:13.

4. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 3, ge indicates by such a design of the piston crown, the reciprocating piston or the rotary piston of the internal combustion engine that one by the plurality of jets in the combustion chamber The radiation fan formed is enclosed by the combustion chamber walls and the piston end face lying opposite them in a small area.

5. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by means for adding dyes to propellant, in particular for adding cryptocyamine-methanol solutions or phthalocyanine-nitrobenzene solutions or liquid fuels, for example picric acid.

6. Reciprocating internal combustion engines and Wankel rotary piston internal combustion engines, which operate according to the Otto process and have a time-controlled external ignition of the compressed air-fuel mixture in their combustion chambers by heat-generating light beams (30; 53), whereby the light beams are, for example, laser beams, and the radiation-generating devices are arranged outside the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that the beams are introduced into the combustion chambers with the aid of light guides which are accommodated in appropriately cooled light guide housings , the housings are stationary or exchangeable, and have centering devices for the radiation-generating devices or for light guide cables, and that the combustion chamber shapes of the internal combustion engines are optimally adapted to the ignition by light beams in that the walls of the combustion chambers enclose the igniting light beams on a small scale , and in the case of several light rays, the rays are close to one another; on the other hand, given predetermined firing chamber outlines, the beam bundles are adapted to the chamber outlines so that the igniting light beams sweep the combustion chambers to fill the space; in order to accelerate the combustion of the mixtures with a progressive combustion front in the case of lean air-fuel mixtures, for example up to "£" 1.7, and in order to accelerate the combustion in the case of super-lean air / fuel mixtures, for example jG ~ l, 7 to £ over 2.0, the burn-up of these mixtures according to a new combustion concept, and without, or with only, or with only fragmentarily progressive burn-off fronts, whereby the new combustion concept is based on the fact that with an excess of oxygen in the combustion chambers and with a much higher compression than at present, the small and small movements in the combustion chambers cause a spatial confusion

Smallest fuel droplets get into the igniting light beams one after the other and burn off individually or with several burn-off 'fronts.

7. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to claim 6, characterized in that the light guide housing in the first embodiment (Fig. 6 and 7) is a light guide ring (2) which has a small overall height and which is particularly for reciprocating Machines are provided, the inner bore diameter of the light guide ring corresponding to the cylinder diameter of the internal combustion engine, the light guide ring being installed between the engine cylinder (12) and the cylinder head (17) with the aid of two cylinder head seals (23) , which has a beam entry surface (39) on its periphery for adequate cooling of the light guide ring, from which the light guide within the ring body and at half the ring height in a plane to the inner bore diameter, which Form from the exit surface (37), guide and open into the inner bore from all sides, ie the jet entry surface (39) with the help of a flexible light guide cable (3) is connected to the removed radiation-generating device, which is, for example, a laser (6) (FIG. 6), or the radiation-generating device is mounted in a sealed manner on the beam entry surface (39) is; and for the manufacture of the light guide ring the ring body in the light guide plane is divided into two equal halves (35) in order to make the light guide (32) from e.g. To incorporate quartz into the half-grooves incorporated in the mutually facing contact surfaces of the two ring halves, the two ring halves, which, for example, are made of technical ceramics or of Invar steel, glued together or soldered together with silver solder, and the beam exit surface (37) is precision machined. 8. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to claim 6, characterized in that the light guide housing in a second embodiment (Fig. 1; 2; 3; 4; .5; 8 and 9) is a light guide insert (1) , which is provided for reciprocating piston and rotary piston machines, and the shape of a rotationally symmetrical body with the jet entry surface (38), a cylindrical pin, a flat ring surface, all around and at the end of the pin, a cylindrical largest diameter Part, a tapered conical sealing surface and the jet outlet surface (36); the light guides inside the insert body leading from the beam entry surface (38) to the beam exit surface (36), the radiation-generating device which, for example, a! Laser (5) is mon-, close to the beam entry surface (38); is animal (Fig. 1; 2; 3; 8 and 9), or with the help of an example; flexible fiber optic cable is connected to the removed beam generating device; and to produce the light guide insert, the insert body along its rotation j

Symmetry axis is divided into two equal halves (33), wo¬ ei _b in the mutually facing contact surfaces of the two halves of grooves for receiving the light guide (31), for example, j of quartz, are incorporated, which are so deep as radially viewed as the diameter of the light conductor (31) and only grooves for half a light conductor compartments are provided (34) in each _U TILISATION-half of the austre¬ from the light guides Tenden and diverging ignition jets only one side of the combustion chamber sweeps (Fig. 2 and 9), - however, when the two insert halves (33) are joined together with the ignition beams then emerging from both half-compartments of the inserted light guides, they form a whole flat radiation fan which covers both sides of the combustion chamber and thus the entire combustion chamber ( Fig. 2 and 9), the two half-compartments of the light guide and the emerging rays in two planes close to each other, the beam exit surface (36) a small Diameter and has a curved shape; and wherein the two insert body halves (33) made, for example, of technical ceramics or of; Invar steel are glued together or with silver solder. are soldered, and the entire light guide insert (1) is machined on its outer surfaces, and finely machined on the beam entry surface (38) and the beam exit surface (36).

9. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to claim 6 and 8, characterized in that the light guide housing in \ third version (Fig. 11; 12 and 13) is a light guide insert (50), which for reciprocating and Rotary piston machines are provided, and the modification of the light guide insert (1) with the same outer shapes, but modified inner design, the insert body, for example consisting of technical ceramics or Invar steel, is in one piece and has only one central longitudinal bore in its axis of symmetry of rotation; A mono light guide (51 or 56) is arranged in the longitudinal bore, which has a larger diameter than the multiple light guides (31) and transmits a round bundle of rays, and the mono light guide at the beam outlet occurs sf fache (36) receives a collecting lens (52) with an outer curvature on the combustion chamber side, for example consists of quartz; where the mono light guide also consists of quartz and is mirrored on the outside as a full light guide (51) (FIG. 12), or as a hollow light guide (56) and is mirrored on the inside (FIG. 13), and the Hollow light guide on the beam entrance surface (38) of the light guide insert receives a quartz plug (58) which is a concave lens «; and wherein the beam exit surface (36), as with the light guide insert (1), also has only a small diameter.

10. Brennkraftmasc ine with light beam ignition according to claim 6; 8 and 9, characterized in that for sealing and appropriate cooling of the light guide inserts (1 and 50), conical ring seals (22), for example made of copper, are used, which are placed on the conically tapered sealing surfaces of the light guide inserts ; and the light guide inserts are fastened with a holding flange (20), which is preferably a triangular flange with three retaining screws and three support legs on the circumference of the flange, the support legs positively fitting onto a unscrewing surface on the internal combustion engine when the ring seal (22) has sealed and the retaining flange; especially in the case of long light guide inserts, also receives an ι i centering attachment (47), which has a corresponding extension in the housing of the internal combustion engine with a narrow sliding fit; fits in; through the central opening of the retaining flange of the ^'cylindrical peg of the optical fiber insert passing, andl the retaining flange, a pressure-holding force on the plane ring surface of the optical fiber insert by means of a pressure equalization ring ^■

(46) exercises; and the retaining flange also an outer centering collar (24) for the housing (25) of the radiation-generating

Device.

11. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to claim 6 ;; 8th; 9 and 10, characterized in that the housing (25) for the radiation-generating device has a centering cap (29). which fits on the centering collar (24) with a narrow sliding seat, and i the housing also has three cooling devices:

1. outer air cooling fins;

2. a cooling air flow through the housing, with cooling air inlet (26) at the outer housing end and cooling air outlet (28) close to the internal combustion engine; and

3. a radiant heat protection ring and cooling air guide ring (27) all around the internal combustion engine end of the radiation generating device (5; 60).

12. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to the preceding claims, characterized in that when using light guide rings (2) according to claim 2 and light guide inserts (1) with flat ignition beam compartments according to claim 3 for reciprocating piston machines , the advantageous combustion chamber has the shape of a flat circular disc (Fig. 1; 2; 6 and 7), in which the radiation fan radially inwards from the disc periphery and is introduced at half the disc height; and when using light guide inserts (1) in machines with a cylinder head base lying obliquely to the cylinder axis (FIG. 3), the flat disk shape of the combustion chamber is approximated in that the piston head receives a bump (18) which is preferably rotationally symmetrical and has a spherical crest and rounded transitions to the piston crown, is eccentric (19) to the piston axis and is placed close to the light guide insert.

13. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to the preceding claims, characterized in that when using light guide inserts (50) with mono light guides (51; 56) for reciprocating piston engines, the advantageous combustion chamber has the shape of a flat round Has disk with an expansion in the middle through a piston crown recess (61), and the radiation beam is introduced into the combustion chamber from the disk periphery radially inwards and at half the disk height or approximately half the disk height; and when using light guide inserts (50) in meshes with a cylinder base lying obliquely to the cylinder axis (analogous to FIG. 3), the flat disk shape of the combustion comb is approximated in that the piston head receives a bump (18) which is preferably rotationally symmetrical and has a spherical crest and rounded transitions to the piston crown, is eccentric (19) to the piston axis and is placed close to the light guide insert.

14. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to the preceding claims, characterized in that when using light guide inserts (1) with flat pilot beams or light guide inserts (50) with mono light guides (51st ; 56) for Wankel cycle piston machines, the advantageous combustion chamber has the shape of a flat rectangle, and in particular is formed by a flat rotary piston bottom longitudinal groove (40) which on each side of the triangular rotary piston extends from approximately one circumferential sealing strip to for approx. other circumferential sealing strip is sufficient (FIGS. 8 and 9), the longitudinal groove being the same depth over its entire width if light guide inserts (1) with flat ignition-beam compartments are used, or the longitudinal groove is different in its width is lower in the middle and flatter on the sides when light guide inserts (50) with mono light guides are used; and into the longitudinal groove (40) the igniting light rays from the central area of a rectangular side of the combustion chamber, that is, in particular through the trochoidal path, for example at the beginning of the combustion chamber, and at half the height of the combustion chamber (FIGS. 8 and 9).

15. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to the preceding claims, characterized in that for Wankel rotary piston machines the rotary piston (15) in front of each peripheral sealing strip (41) has a flame retainer (42) in the form of only on the circumference additional sealing strip with a limited stroke; holding pieces (43) are used for the stroke limitation, and due to the stroke limitation the flame retainers do not touch the entire trochiodally shaped housing wall but only the flattened parts of the trochoids, and the flame retainers (42) e.g. are made of coal or technical ceramics.

16. Internal combustion engine with light beam ignition according to the preceding claims, characterized in that more light-absorbing substances are added to the fuel of the internal combustion engine, which are brightened by the combustion.