Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
  • B30B11/20—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring
  • B30B11/201—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring for extruding material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
  • Y10S425/23—Hay wafering or pelletizing means

Definitions

• Pressure roller apparatus for briquetting cut material of biological origin such as green crops, wood flakes or peat.
• the invention relates to a pressure roller apparatus for briquetting cut material of biological origin such as green crops, wood flakes or peat.
• Such apparatus which has in practice been used for the manufacture of fodder briquettes (so-called cubes) from biological material mainly consisting of lucerne and having a grass content of not more than 10%, is known from the specification of British Patent No. 1 007 152- In this apparatus the material is collected from the field after sufficient tedding and is cut, after which it is precompressed and led into the cleft or nip between a pressure roller and a surround ⁇ ing rotary ring with radial die openings.
• the frictional resistance is influenced in opposite directions by the water and adhesive content of the material, the water having a lubricating effect, whereas the adhesive .under the pressure of briquetting has a tendency to travel outwards towards the wall of the die resulting in an increased friction.
• This in ⁇ crease is of decisive importance for the briquetting capacity of the apparatus, and since the increase is itself dependent on the adhesive content of the briquetting material, the apparatus will give a satis ⁇ factory result only when working with material having certain specific properties, such as lucerne, and under certain conditions as regards its moisture content.
• OMPI The patent specification refers to a moisture content in the area of 15 ⁇ 35%, but for obtaining storage- resistant fodder briquettes the water content should not exceed 10-12%.
• Such a low water content after natural drying can only be expected to be obtained in areas with a decided continental climate, and even under ideal conditions the water content will often vary considerably in the collected material, for which reason intensive mixing should be carried out in conne- ction with the cutting operation.
• certain parts of the material may become over-dried, and in practice the apparatus has therefore been further equipped with manually controlled means for the addition of water as deemed necessary. It is evident from this that variations .in briquetting quality resulting from variations in the water content of the material will not be avoidable in practice.
• a further condition of high-quality briquetting is that the supply of the material be correctly cont- rolled and in particular be kept fairly constant. This is also important in order to prevent overloading and to minimize the power requirements for the operation of the apparatus.
• the said cleft is open at one side and the material is supplied into this open side by means of an endless belt or a worm conveyor, which is at the same time responsible for the precompression, which consequently takes place mainly parallel to the axial directions of the pressure roller and the die ring and thus at right angles to the dire- cvion of the briquetting.
• a drawback of this known briquetting principle which is partly due to extrusion of the material through tapering die openings, is that considerable and energy- consuming rearrangement of the material takes place both during precompression and ultimate compression, which as stated mainly, occur at right angles to each other and, in particular, the rearrangement in the actual briquetting stage, i.e. during extrusion through - the die openings, is disadvantageous, because the dis ⁇ placement between the pieces of the material prevents the adhesive content from sticking these pieces firmly together. The extruded briquettes will thus expand considerably, and they obtain only a poor ⁇ mechanical strength.
• a purpose of the invention is to provide a briquetting apparatus in which the conditions decisive of the briquette quality and the power consumption, particularly the water content and temperature of the material, possibly its composition (for example, of leaves, stems and glumes), the rate of supply and the time it spends in the die openings,and its flow there- through, as well as the briquetting pressure, can be controlled and regulated in such manner that, independ ⁇ ently of local climatic conditions, optimum briquetting can be carried out of not only all kinds of green crops, including hay and straw with an extremely low sap con- tent, but also other kinds of biological material and particularly wood flakes and peat with a view to manufacturing fuel briquettes.
• the invention relates to a pressure roller apparatus for briquetting cut and dried material of biological origin, such as green crops, wood flakes or peat, through radial die openings formed in the bottom of an inwardly open material supply channel provided in a circular rotary ring, the cross section of the channel at the briquetting zone being virtually filled out by a pressure roller journalled on a stationary axis, and the channel being associated with a mechanism for precompressing the mate ⁇ rial upstream of this pressure roller.
• such apparatus is characterized in that the ring with die openings is localized at, and firmly connected to, the rear end of a rotary drying drum, and in that the precompression mechanism comprises an
• Rotary drying drums operating with a flow of heated air therethrough have been known fo:r a number of years for humidity conditioning of, for example, grass. to be briquetted, and have the advantage that the different parts of the material (leaves, stems and glumes) can be dried so as to have virtually the same water content and can be delivered in an easily adjust- able flow, in which the proportion of the different components is well-defined.
• the dried material is passed through a cyclone or other air separator to an extruder, which compresses the material and discharges it in the form of a string, which under controlled cross-expansion is led through a long cool ⁇ ing tube and is then broken to pieces.
• the apparatus according to the invention is simplified considerably, among other things, because the air separation takes place inside the drying drum, and because the rotary movement of the latter is directly utilized in the briquetting phase.
• the apparatus is not only energy- saving, because precompression and ultimate compression take place in the same direction, but also permits optimum utilization of the sap content of the material as an adhesive in the completed briquettes, because the ultimate compression in the die openings can be carried out without any appreciable lateral displacement between the pieces of material parts, and for a suitably long period, e.g. 30 sees, and at a suitable temperature, whereby the adhesive effect of the sap is fully utilized and eliminates at least a considerable part of the elasticity in the straw or fibre components of the material.
• Fig. 1 is an end view of the apparatus Fig. 2 a part of Fig. 1 on a larger scale, with certain portions removed and the die ring shown partly in radial section, and
• Fig. 3 a section on an even larger scale on the line III-III in Fig. 2.
• the apparatus comprises a drying drum 1 that can be constructed mainly in the known manner with a cylindrical wall 2 and internal guide vanes and lifters 3, Fig. 2, as well as equipment, not shown, for feeding cut material to the drum at its front end and for providing an adjustable heated air current through the drum.
• the drum rests through bearing rings 4 on support ⁇ ing rollers 5 in brackets 6.
• the drum At its rear end the drum is closed by a stationary end wall 7, encircled by a ring 8 rigidly connected with the drum wall and forming together with an internal ring 9 a peripheral canal 10 which is open towards, the axis of the drum and receives the material dried in the drum from the vanes and lifters 3.
• the drum is operated by a motor, not shown, with a shaft 11 journalled in a bearing 12 on a frame 13, which is rigidly connected with the bracket of one of the supporting rollers 5.
• the shaft 11 has a fixed sprocket 14 in mesh with a chain 15, which is welded to a circular flange 16 on the ring 8.
• the shaf 11 extends through the stationary end wall 7 into the drum and carries a pressure roller 17 operating in the material supply channel 10 and having its periphery quite close to the channel bottom, which is formed by a ring of radially orientated dies 18, lying between the bearing ring 4 of the drum and the co-rotating ring 8.
• a precompressor comprising an endless band 19 running around a disc 20 with a stationary axis and a disc 21 situated closer to the pressure roller 17 operates in the supply channel 10.
• These discs 20 and 21 sit on shafts 22 and 23 journalled in external bearings which are connected with each other through a rbd 24, variable in length, which permits re-tightening of the band 19.
• the shaft 22 carries a driving wheel 25, which through a chain 26 is drawn from a sprocket wheel 27 on the motor shaft 11, and the bearing for the shaft 23 is connected with a spring-urged adjusting mechanism 28 permitting a regulation of the minimum distance from the band 19 to the bottom of the channel 10 formed by the die ring 18.
• the peripheral speeds of the pressure roller 17 and the precompression band 19 are preferably the same and equivalent to the peripheral speed of the inner side of the die ring 18.
• the material is precompressed in the channel 10, inasmuch as its height below the band 19 is gradually reduced, and the precompressed material is passed on to the mainly triangular channel zone in front of the pressure roller 17.
• the length of this zone is mainly triangular channel zone in front of the pressure roller 17.
• OMPI is preferably made as short as possible by the distance ' '- between the disc 21 and the pressure roller 17 not being made greater than necessary. From the said triangular channel zone resulting in a substantially constant precompression, the material is taken along by the pressure roller 17, which at its periphery has recesses 29, which intensify the grip on the material and during rotation become radially opposite to the partitions 30 of the dies 18. Hereby the risk of direct contact between the pressure roller and the die ring is avoided.
• the briquettes formed under the frictional resist ⁇ ance in the dies may be divided into pieces of suitable length by being broken off mainly coplanar with the outer periphery of the die ring and can from the place of breaking-off fall directly down into a truck as a storage-proof product.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8108686

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1983
  • 1983-04-27 DK DK187283A patent/DK150731C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1984
  • 1984-04-25 US US06/686,262 patent/US4552567A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-04-25 WO PCT/DK1984/000033 patent/WO1984004276A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1984-04-25 EP EP84901747A patent/EP0147413B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-04-25 DE DE8484901747T patent/DE3461609D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-12-14 FI FI844961A patent/FI78021C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (3)

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