WO1983004090A1 - Turbulator radiator tube and radiator construction derived therefrom - Google Patents

Turbulator radiator tube and radiator construction derived therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983004090A1
WO1983004090A1 PCT/US1982/000692 US8200692W WO8304090A1 WO 1983004090 A1 WO1983004090 A1 WO 1983004090A1 US 8200692 W US8200692 W US 8200692W WO 8304090 A1 WO8304090 A1 WO 8304090A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
principal heat
edge
turbulator
principal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1982/000692
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eugene E. Rhodes
Original Assignee
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company Limited
Ford-Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Ford France S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22168009&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1983004090(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company Limited, Ford-Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Ford France S.A. filed Critical Ford Motor Company
Priority to JP57502092A priority Critical patent/JPS59500877A/ja
Priority to DE8282902115T priority patent/DE3276959D1/de
Priority to EP82902115A priority patent/EP0109393B1/en
Priority to PCT/US1982/000692 priority patent/WO1983004090A1/en
Publication of WO1983004090A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983004090A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/06—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular crimped or corrugated in cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/08—Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/044—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being pontual, e.g. dimples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F2001/027—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with dimples

Definitions

  • TECHNICAL FIELD This specification is directed to the construction of an elongated turbulator radiator tube which defines a fluid conduit through which a coolant may flow in order to have heat removed therefrom.
  • the specification is also directed to a radiator construction made from such elon ⁇ gated turbulator radiator tubes.
  • This invention relates to an elongated turbulator radiator tube having an interior defining a fluid conduit and a radiator construction made using the elongated radiator tubes with other radiator forming components.
  • the elongated turbulator radiator tube of this invention is one which has an interior defining a fluid conduit.
  • the tube comprises a first principal heat transfer surface having a first edge and a second edge and a second principal heat transfer surface also having a first edge and a second edge ' .
  • Surfaces independently interconnect both the first edges and the second edges of the first principal heat transfer surface and the second principal heat transfer surface.
  • the invention is characterized' in the following manner.
  • Each of the principal heat transfer surfaces have a plurality of flow diverting members placed along the length thereof. The flow diverting members are deformed from the principal surfaces toward the interior of the tube.
  • the flow diverting members extend from about the first edge of the principal heat transfer sur ⁇ faces to about the second edge of said principal heat transfer surfaces.
  • the flow diverting members are so arranged that the first principal heat transfer surface and the second principal heat transfer surface are bowed outwardly from the interior of the tube when interconnected by the interconnecting surfaces.
  • each of the principal principal heat transfer surfaces are character ⁇ ized in the following manner.
  • Each of the principal heat transfer surfaces have a plurality of turbulator barriers placed along the length thereof.
  • Each of the turbulator barriers are deformed from the principal surfaces toward the interior of the tube and extend from about the first edge of the principal heat transfer surfaces to about the second edge of the principal heat transfer surfaces.
  • Each of the turbulator barriers are formed from two or more indentations.
  • the principal heat transfer surfaces and the interconnecting surfaces are so constructed and arranged that the first principal heat transfer surface and the second principal heat transfer surface are bowed outwardly from the interior of the tube.
  • each turbulator barrier is formed from a plurality of elongated, rectangular defor- mations which extend perpendicularly across each of the principal heat transfer surfaces from the first edge thereof to the second edge thereof.
  • the turbulator barriers on the first principal heat transfer surface are in a stag- gered relationship with respect to the turbulator barriers formed on the second principal heat transfer surface.
  • a turbulator radiator construction is disclosed.
  • this construction at least a pair of coolant tanks are interconnected by a plurality of hollow turbulator radiator tubes through which the coolant may flow from one coolant tank to the other coolant tank.
  • These hollow turbulator radiator tubes are made in accordance with the teachings of this specification regarding the elongated turbulator radiator tube construction.
  • the radiator construction also includes corrugated heat transfer fins mounted between juxtaposed ones of the turbulator radiator tubes extending between the coolant tanks. This construction is character ⁇ ized by using turbulator radiator tubes formed in accor- dance with the teachings of this specification.
  • Figure 1 is a partial elevation view of a radiator construction
  • Figure 2 is a view showing a principal heat transfer surface of a turbulator radiator tube known in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a view of a principal heat transfer surface of a turbulator radiator tube formed in accordance with the teachings of the preferred embodiment of this invention
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of Figure 2 showing in greater detail the prior art construction of a turbulator radiator tube
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V of Figure 3 showing the details of the turbulator radiator tube construction in accordance with the preferred embodiment of this invention
  • Figure 6 is a view taken along the line VT-VI of Figure 5 showing in greater detail the construction of the turbulator radiator tube in accordance with the preferred embodiment of this invention.
  • Figures 7A through 7G are other alternate embodiments of how a principal heat transfer surface of a turbulator radiator tube may be deformed in order to obtain the advantages of the turbulator radiator tube disclosed in this specification.
  • a radiator construction is joined to a coolant tank 12 in a manner, for example, described in copending application Serial No. 219,027 for a "Method of Joining an Object to an Article", filed 12/22/80, and assigned to the same assignee as this application.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen only the right-hand coolant tank 12, but, of course, as is obvious to any skilled artisan, the radiator construction 10 would also have a left-hand coolant tank.
  • coolant may be passed from a tank on one side of the radiator to a tank on the other side of the radiator through a plurality of hollow turbulator radiator tubes 14-14.
  • Corrugated heat transfer fins 16-16 are mounted between juxtaposed of the turbulator radiator tubes extending between the coolant tanks.
  • heat transfer fins As the coolant flows through the turbulator radia ⁇ tor tubes, heat is given up from principal heat transfer surfaces thereof in contact with the heat transfer fins whereby the temperature of the coolant is reduced.
  • the turbulator radiator tubes and heat transfer fins may be joined to one another in a fluxless aluminum brazing opera ⁇ tion which is well known in the art.
  • the turbulator radiator tube 14 of prior art construction is seen best in Figures 2 and 4.
  • a first principal heat transfer surface 20 and a second principal heat transfer surface 22 are respec ⁇ tively facing and underneath the surfaces as shown in Figure 2 and top and bottom surfaces as shown in Figure 4.
  • These surfaces define generally planar surfaces which when associated with heat transfer fins 16-16 provide the principal area of transferring heat from the turbulator radiator tubes to the heat transfer fins for dissipation to the atmosphere.
  • Each of these principal heat transfer surfaces have a first edge 24 and a second edge 26. The edges are not sharply defined but generally are the areas at which the generally planar portions of the principal heat transfer surfaces come to an end.
  • first edges 24-24 of the first principal heat transfer surface 20 and the second principal heat transfer surface 22 are interconnected by a generally continuous surface 28 which is integrally formed with the principal heat transfer surfaces.
  • the second edges 26-26 of the first principal heat transfer surface and the second principal heat transfer surface are inter ⁇ connected by interconnecting surfaces 30 which, in association with solder 32 used in conjunction therewith. form a sealed construction for the turbulator radiator tube 14.
  • the method of forming and sealing such a turbulator radiator tube is well known in the industry and forms no part of this invention.
  • the prior art turbulator radiator tube 14 has a plurality of elongated turbulator elements 34 extending across the length thereof generally from the first edge 24 to the second edge 26 of each of the principal heat trans ⁇ fer surfaces 20 and 22. As is best seen in Figure 2, these turbulator elements are staggered and are generally formed by deforming the material forming the turbulator radiator tubes toward the interior of the tube. Normally the material forming the tube is aluminum or some suitable aluminum alloy. The difficulty with this type of construction for a turbulator radiator tube 14 is that the principal heat transfer surfaces 20 and 22 are relatively flat. The tube 14 is flexible in the sense that it may be twisted if opposite ends of the tube are gripped and rotated in opposite directions.
  • the heat transfer fins normally have a great deal of dimensional variation in the units because they are made from relatively thin materials and precise control of the dimensions of these fin units is extremely difficult, if not impossible.
  • any tolerances to be taken up are taken up almost totally by the heat transfer fins. This tolerance take-up causes many of the V-shaped contacting edges of the heat transfer fins to be crushed, away from a line contact with the turbulator radiator tube, thus reducing the heat transfer contact therebetween and, in many cases, causing spaces or slight voids between the heat transfer points.
  • the entire purpose of the structure of the turbulator radiator tube 114 of this invention is to provide flexibility not only in the heat transfer fin 16 but also in the turbulator radiator tube 114 so that both elements may be brought into the best physical contact to ensure the best heat transfer characteristics from the entire radiator construction 10. This will be better understood from the discussion set forth hereinbelow.
  • the turbulator radiator tube 114 as seen in
  • Figures 3, 5 and 6 has a first principal heat transfer surface 120 and a second principal heat transfer surface 122.
  • These principal heat transfer surfaces have first edges 124-124 and second edges 126-126 in juxtaposition to one another. Again, these edges are not sharply defined, but merely define a transition from the principal heat transfer surface to some type of an interconnecting surface. For example, in the case of the first edges 124-124, they are interconnected by a continuous surface 128 ( Figure 5) which is integrally formed with the entire structure. In the same manner, the second edges 126-126 are interconnected by interconnecting surfaces 130 and the solder 132 associated therewith.
  • turbulator barriers are placed along the length of both the first prin- cipal heat transfer surface 120 and the second principal heat transfer surface 122.
  • the turbulator barriers are formed from two or more indentations 152-152.
  • the first prin- cipal heat transfer surface 120 has four indentations 152 to define the turbulator barrier 150
  • the second principal heat transfer surface 122 has three indentations 152 to define the turbulator barrier 150.
  • the turbulator barriers 150 formed on both the first and second principal heat transfer surfaces extend generally from the first edge 124 to the second edge 126 of each of the principal heat transfer surfaces.
  • the entire purpose for making the turbulator barriers 150 discontinuous across the principal heat transfer surfaces 120 and 122 is so that when the surfaces are being formed into the turbulator radiator tube 114 by soldering the interconnecting surfaces 130-130 the prin ⁇ cipal heat transfer surfaces may be bowed outwardly from the interior of the tube to give a slight crown to both of the principal heat transfer surfaces.
  • This crowned effect may best be seen in Figure 5.
  • This slight crown is much different than the very flat surfaces achieved for the prior art turbulator radiator tube 14, as is seen in Figure 4.
  • the bowing or crowning of the turbulator radiator tube 114 permits it to also take up tolerances when it is brought into an assembled condition with a plurality of heat transfer fins 16 in order to form a radiator construc ⁇ tion 10.
  • the turbu- lator radiator tube 114 of this invention makes more intimate contact with associated heat transfer fins and thereby improves the unit heat transfer capability of each unit area of the radiator construction 10.
  • This improved heat transfer efficiency allows for two options.
  • a radiator construction of the same size using prior art turbulator radiator tubes 14 as compared with a radiator construction using turbulator radiator tubes 114 would result in dimensionally the same size radiator, but the construction made with the improved turbulator radiator tubes 114 would have the capacity for handling a greater cooling load.
  • the radiator construction using the turbulator radiator tubes 114 of the present invention would require that the overall size of the radiator construction be reduced, that is, less fin and tube area would be required in order to do the same cooling job as would be accom ⁇ plished by a larger size radiator containing the prior art type turbulator radiator tubes 14.
  • the preferred type of turbulator barrier 150 has been illustrated in Figures 3, 5 and 6, many other types of barrier constructions may be used which still result in a turbulator radiator tube 114 which has a crowned construction and thus has the ability of taking up tolerances when assembled with heat transfer fins. It should be kept in mind that it is not necessary to space barriers on the first principal heat transfer surface and the second principal heat transfer surface in a staggered relationship, although this is preferred. The barriers may be placed one below the other. In this specification the
  • turbulator barrier is used to mean a series of indentations made in a principal heat transfer surface which may be generally aligned in some configuration. It is not necessary to achieve the benefits of this invention to have such a turbulator barrier as one may have a random placement of indentations in the principal heat transfer surfaces so long as the indentations are discontinuous thus allowing a bowing or crowning of the construction to achieve the advantages set forth above. However, once again, it is easiest to place a uniform set of indentations generally defining a turbulator barrier in a heat transfer surface than it is to place random indentations in such a surface.
  • Figures 7A through 7G a number of different patterns are shown which, if placed on the principal heat transfer surfaces, would produce the benefits of this invention.
  • the individual indentations are formed into a turbulator barrier generally having an arrowhead shape.
  • the indentations are placed to define a turbulator barrier having a generally curved configuration.
  • the indentations are placed to define a turbulator barrier having a generally herringbone construction.
  • Figure 7D the indentations are placed in the principal heat transfer surface in a manner which defines a turbulator barrier formed of a plurality of triangular members.
  • indentations are placed in the principal heat transfer surface in a manner which defines a turbulator barrier extending generally at an angle between the edges of the principal heat transfer surface.
  • circular indentations are placed in the principal heat transfer surface generally in aligned position.
  • indentations are placed in the principal heat transfer surface generally in a random fashion and therefore do not define a turbulator barrier
  • C-.-.PI per se as no generally associated structure extends from one edge of the principal heat transfer surface to the other edge thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
PCT/US1982/000692 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Turbulator radiator tube and radiator construction derived therefrom WO1983004090A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57502092A JPS59500877A (ja) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 タ−ビユレ−タラジエ−タチユ−ブ及びそれから得られたラジエ−タ構造体
DE8282902115T DE3276959D1 (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Turbulator radiator tube for a radiator construction
EP82902115A EP0109393B1 (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Turbulator radiator tube for a radiator construction
PCT/US1982/000692 WO1983004090A1 (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Turbulator radiator tube and radiator construction derived therefrom

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1982/000692 WO1983004090A1 (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Turbulator radiator tube and radiator construction derived therefrom

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983004090A1 true WO1983004090A1 (en) 1983-11-24

Family

ID=22168009

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1982/000692 WO1983004090A1 (en) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Turbulator radiator tube and radiator construction derived therefrom

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0109393B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS59500877A (ja)
DE (1) DE3276959D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1983004090A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009086894A1 (de) * 2008-01-10 2009-07-16 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Strangpressrohr für einen wärmetauscher
DE102009057232A1 (de) * 2009-12-05 2011-06-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC, ( n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware ), Detroit Rohrförmiger Wärmetauscher für Kraftfahrzeug-Klimaanlage

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6334489A (ja) * 1986-07-28 1988-02-15 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 熱交換器

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1417087A (en) * 1920-01-05 1922-05-23 Mathes Peter Radiator construction
US1421546A (en) * 1920-04-28 1922-07-04 David O Parkin Radiator
US1730719A (en) * 1927-01-27 1929-10-08 Sam Briskin Radiator construction
US2011854A (en) * 1934-03-23 1935-08-20 Gen Motors Corp Method of making radiator cores
US3262495A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-07-26 Blackstone Corp Heat transfer core structure
US3521707A (en) * 1967-09-13 1970-07-28 Ass Eng Ltd Heat exchangers
US3702021A (en) * 1969-03-04 1972-11-07 Chrysler Uk Methods of making heat exchangers
US4269267A (en) * 1977-09-09 1981-05-26 Societe Anonyme Francaise Du Ferodo Fin and tube assembly and a method of making the assembly

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2032065A (en) * 1932-11-16 1936-02-25 Modine Mfg Co Radiator core
JPS593276Y2 (ja) * 1975-10-17 1984-01-28 カブシキガイシヤ ツチヤセイサクシヨ ネツコウカンタイ
CH592290A5 (ja) * 1975-10-24 1977-10-31 Runtal Holding Co Sa
JPS5680698A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-07-02 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Heat exchanger

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1417087A (en) * 1920-01-05 1922-05-23 Mathes Peter Radiator construction
US1421546A (en) * 1920-04-28 1922-07-04 David O Parkin Radiator
US1730719A (en) * 1927-01-27 1929-10-08 Sam Briskin Radiator construction
US2011854A (en) * 1934-03-23 1935-08-20 Gen Motors Corp Method of making radiator cores
US3262495A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-07-26 Blackstone Corp Heat transfer core structure
US3521707A (en) * 1967-09-13 1970-07-28 Ass Eng Ltd Heat exchangers
US3702021A (en) * 1969-03-04 1972-11-07 Chrysler Uk Methods of making heat exchangers
US4269267A (en) * 1977-09-09 1981-05-26 Societe Anonyme Francaise Du Ferodo Fin and tube assembly and a method of making the assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0109393A4 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009086894A1 (de) * 2008-01-10 2009-07-16 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Strangpressrohr für einen wärmetauscher
DE102009057232A1 (de) * 2009-12-05 2011-06-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC, ( n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware ), Detroit Rohrförmiger Wärmetauscher für Kraftfahrzeug-Klimaanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0109393A1 (en) 1984-05-30
EP0109393B1 (en) 1987-08-12
EP0109393A4 (en) 1984-09-19
DE3276959D1 (en) 1987-09-17
JPS59500877A (ja) 1984-05-17

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