Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
  • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
  • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
  • E04D13/0409—Drainage outlets, e.g. gullies
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
  • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
  • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
  • E04D13/0409—Drainage outlets, e.g. gullies
  • E04D2013/0427—Drainage outlets, e.g. gullies with means for controlling the flow in the outlet

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with an apparatus for the draining of rain water from roofs or equivalent.
• the apparatus is based on the principle of providing closed flow in the vertical draining pipe at the dimensioned water quantity, so that the draining is intensified and smaller and less expensive conduits can be used as compared with pipe systems requiring mixed flow, in which, thus, both air and water flow.
• the present invention eliminates the draw ⁇ backs. No roof well, i.e. recess, is needed at all, but the rain water is passed straight into the dis ⁇ charge opening placed in the roof surface.
• the static pressure of the water column flowing in the discharge pipe is utilized for the flow resistances, and normal formulae of calculation of closed flow can be applied to the di ⁇ mensioning of the rain water pipe systems.
• the loss of pressure in the pipe system is equal to the difference in height from the roof to the point at which the water is ultimately removed from the area. This point is usually, e.g., within an area with city plan, the municipal storm sewer. 5
• a cover plate of specified dimensions is fitted above the discharge opening in the roof and at such a height that a predetermined quantity of water has space enough to pass within a unit of time underneath 10 the cover towards the discharge opening.
• the apparatus in accordance with the inven ⁇ tion is characterized in an opening in the surface of the roof and in a disc member fitted above the opening. The magnitude of the disc, its height above the roof 25. surface, as well as the diameter of the water discharge pipe and of the discharge opening are precisely dimen ⁇ sioned in accordance with the quantity of water to be drained.
• the water collecting zones on the roof must, 30 of course, be divided to zones of such a size that the level of the water on the roof does not exceed the permitted limits at the initial end of the flow, owing to the rules of open flow prevailing there. This height is commonly 50 mm. 5
• the discharge opening must be large enough so that the
• the water height at the initial end of the flow is about 3/2 * hc.
• the diameter of the inlet of the appropriate discharge pipe is about 50 mm.
• h at free discharge is 33.3 mm. From these values, by means of the above formulae, as the diameter of the circular disc at least 125.5 mm is obtained, and as the length of the circum ⁇ ference, correspondingly, at least 394 mm.
• the flow speed of open flow at the edge of the disc is 0.57 m/s, and also equal to the quantity of water divided by the area of free opening.
• the speed of the water flow underneath the disc is accelerated as closed flow is produced, so that the speed of the water in the dis- charge pipe will be about 3.8 m/s.
• the flow rate is also affected by the pressure of the water column in the discharge pipe.
• a disc dimensioned and fitted in this way, together with a discharge pipe system dimensioned in accordance with the closed-flow principle, is, with an increase in the intensity of rain, capable of converting the open flow taking place on the roof, continuously, without changing the direction of flow on the roof, to closed flow when the water rises, in accordance with the rules of open flow, to the level of the disc height, and by means of the apparatus it is possible to drain the rain water from the roof by means of pipes of a diameter consider ⁇ ably smaller than in prior art solutions .
• the disc may be, but does not have to be, solid, because, when the height of water is slightly lower than the overflow height, the little layer of water formed on the disc will seal the disc adequately to prevent the drawbacks of air sucked in, and to form a continuous column of water with the dimensioned quan ⁇ tity of water.
• the speed of the water flow 2 on the plane 1 is at the beginning of overflow u , and the overflow height is h .
• the rainwater pipe 3 opening in the roof plane 1 is denoted with numeral 4 , and the disc fitted above the opening with numeral 5. The distance of the disc from the roof plane is at the maximum h .
• Fig. 3 shows such a modification in which a screen element 6 has been attached to the edges of the disc 5.
• Figures 4 and 5 show two other embodiments of the apparatus.
• the plane of the disc 5 is bent, in the other one the screen element 6 extends, resembling a conical mantle face, from the edges of the disc 5 down to the roof plane.
• Fig. 6 shows such an embodiment in which the disc is elastic and its shape is determined by the compression of a spring placed on top of the disc.
• the disc may, of course, be of any arbitrary shape whatsoever, whereat the minimum length of its edge determines the maximum height position of the disc from the roof plane in accordance with the prin ⁇ ciple described above.
• the disc or .the portion of the roof plane placed underneath the disc, or both of them simultaneously may be shaped so that the flow resistance towards the starting point is not increased, Fig. 4.
• the form resistance caused by the transition to the starting point, into the opening 4 of the pipe 3, may be reduced by rounding the joint between the roof plane and ' the pipe, numeral 7, Fig. 3.
• the disc or the portion underneath the disc, or both may also be shaped so that the said portions are provided with radial reinforcement ribs or grooves, which, at the same time, act as retarders of the tenden ⁇ cy of whirling around of the water, by increasing the friction of the whirl flow of water. All of the above solutions may occur with or without a screen.
• the disc may also be elastic and, e.g., by means of a spring device, designed adjustable in accordance with various desires.
• the disc element is fitted substantially in the plane of the roof plane, whereat the flow-in opening for the water is substantially annular between the disc edge and the roof plane.
• the length of the disc edge and the width of the opening follow the rules described above.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Sewage (AREA)
• Barrages (AREA)

Priority Applications (9)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27241062

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (15)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1983
  • 1983-03-07 GB GB08405807A patent/GB2134945B/en not_active Expired
  • 1983-03-07 CH CH6049/83A patent/CH664591A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-03-07 JP JP58500961A patent/JPS59500324A/ja active Pending
  • 1983-03-07 DE DE19833334279 patent/DE3334279T1/de active Granted
  • 1983-03-07 NL NL8320072A patent/NL191390C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-03-07 US US06/877,713 patent/US4683685A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1983-03-07 WO PCT/FI1983/000021 patent/WO1983003114A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1983-03-08 IT IT8347870A patent/IT1166426B/it active
  • 1983-03-08 CA CA000423075A patent/CA1199282A/en not_active Expired
  • 1983-03-09 FR FR8303877A patent/FR2523188B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1983-10-21 NO NO83833855A patent/NO158192C/no unknown
  • 1983-11-09 DK DK512783A patent/DK153853B/da not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1984
  • 1984-04-05 SE SE8401913A patent/SE451477C/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1988
  • 1988-12-03 SG SG851/88A patent/SG85188G/en unknown
• 1989
  • 1989-04-27 HK HK360/89A patent/HK36089A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (6)

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