WO1983002643A1 - Moteur a combustion interne avec cycle de blocage rankine - Google Patents

Moteur a combustion interne avec cycle de blocage rankine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983002643A1
WO1983002643A1 PCT/US1980/000712 US8000712W WO8302643A1 WO 1983002643 A1 WO1983002643 A1 WO 1983002643A1 US 8000712 W US8000712 W US 8000712W WO 8302643 A1 WO8302643 A1 WO 8302643A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
engine
boiler
expander
liquid
gases
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1980/000712
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Larry A Eakman
Original Assignee
Eakman, Larry, A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eakman, Larry, A. filed Critical Eakman, Larry, A.
Priority to PCT/US1980/000712 priority Critical patent/WO1983002643A1/fr
Publication of WO1983002643A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983002643A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an internal combustion engine, and more specifically, to an internal combus ⁇ tion engine with a so-called “bottoming cycle", which bottoming cycle is based on the Rankine cycle.
  • the prior art utilizes the heat of the exhaust gases to vaporize a liquid which is then directed to an expander such as a turbine.
  • the turbine will drive a compressor connected to the engine air intake to provide for turbocharger operating on the Rankine cycle and thereby boost energy conversion efficiency.
  • the turbine may be coupled to the output shaft of the engine itself or may be utilized to drive auxil ⁇ sammlungy equipment such as a generator or the like. As will be apparent from the following disclosure of the invention herein, these proposals do not maximize the energy recapturing process.
  • OMPI typically run at a low rate of speed and is consuming very little fuel. Consequently, the otherwise waste heat in the exhaust stream is at a relatively low tem ⁇ perature level which frequently will be insufficient to generate sufficient vapor to drive the turbine at a high rate of speed. Therefore, when the turbine forms part of a turbocharger for boosting pressure of com ⁇ bustion air to the engine, the fact that it is not being driven at a particularly rapid rate considerably slows its response to a commanded increase in speed and there ⁇ by prevents the engine from developing high power out ⁇ put as rapidly as may be desired in many applications.
  • the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems as set forth above.
  • an internal combustion engine ' with a Rankine bottoming cycle including an internal combustion en ⁇ gine with an exhaust for exhausting combustion gases and an expander having a mechanical output for per ⁇ forming work.
  • the system includes a boiler and means are provided for supplying a liquid to the boiler to be vaporized therein. Means are provided for supplying the expander with vaporized liquid from the boiler and means connected the exhaust to the boiler so that heat in the exhausted gases of combustion will vaporize the liquid supplied to the boiler.
  • selectively useable means are provided for increasing the tempera- ture of the gases of combustion after they have exited the engine so as to provide greater heat in said boiler for vaporizing the liquid when the gases of combustion exiting the engine have insufficient heat content to vaporize a desired amount of the liquid.
  • This facet of the invention eliminates response dif ⁇ ficulties found in prior art constructions and therefore increases the number of varying applications in which the engine of the invention may be utilized.
  • an additional expander having a mechanical output and which is connected to the boiler to receive gases of combustion therefrom. Consequently, unlike prior art systems wherein only the heat con- tent of the exhaust gases is recaptured, an engine made according to this facet of the invention addi ⁇ tionally recaptures energy in the exhaust gas due to its being pressurized above the ambient pressure.
  • the invention is provided with a condenser for condensing vapor received from the expander .and.the supply means comprises a pump for pumping liquid from the condenser to the boiler.
  • a heat exchanger has a first fluid flow path disposed between the expander and the condenser and a second fluid flow path in . heat exchange relationship with the first fluid flow * path.
  • the second fluid flow path is disposed between the condenser and the boiler.
  • the Figure is a diagrammatic view of an in ⁇ ternal combustion engine with a Rankine bottoming cycle made according to the invention.
  • An exemplary embodiment of an internal com ⁇ bustion engine with a Rankine bottoming cycle is illustrated in the drawing and is seen to include an internal combustion engine 10 which may operate on the Otto or Diesel cycles.
  • the engine 10 includes an exhaust 12 for exhausting the gases of combustion and an air intake 14 for receiving combustion air.
  • the engine 10 is liquid cooled and includes a coolant line 15 through which hot coolant exits the engine 10 and a line 16 through which cooled coolant is directed to the engine 10 for cooling purposes in a conventional fashion.
  • the system further includes a boiler or heat exchanger 18 for the purpose of vaporizing a liquid directed to the boiler 18 on a line 20.
  • the vaporized liquid exits the boiler 18 on a line 22 and is directed to an expander 24 in the form of a turbine.
  • the expander-turbine 24 has a rotary output shaft 26 which is employed to drive a compressor 28.
  • the compressor 28 receives air from the ambient via an inlet 30 and compresses the same.
  • the compressed air is directed via an outlet 32 to an aftercooler 34 and then from the aftercooler to the air intake 14 for the engine 10.
  • the aftercooler 34 is not absolutely neces ⁇ sary but increases the efficiency of the cycle in that the compressor 28 and the aftercooler 34 followed by compression in the engine itself, combine to approxi ⁇ mate isothermal compression for maximum efficiency.
  • the vaporized liquid used to drive the turbine 24 exits the same on a line 36 at a considerably lower pressure than when it entered the turbine 24 but still at elevated temperature.
  • the line 36 extends to a heat exchanger 38 having a first flow path 40 re ⁇ ceiving the vapor exiting the turbine 24 on the line 36.
  • the heat exchanger 38 includes a second fluid flow path 42 in heat exchange relationship with the first flow path 40.
  • Fluid exiting the heat exchanger 38, and speci ⁇ fically the first flow, path 40 thereof, is directed via a line 44 to a condenser 46 which may be cooled by a fan 48 which may be driven by the engine 10.
  • a condenser 46 all vapor is condensed to a liquid and is drawn therefrom by a pump 50 to be directed through a line 52 to the second fluid flow path 42 through the heat exchanger 38.
  • the pump 50 pressurizes the liquid- to a pressure equal to or above the pressure of the vapor in the line 22. It will be appreciated that the liquid in the second fluid flow path 42 will be heated by the vapor flowing in the first flow path 40.
  • the heat exchanger 38 thus serves to preheat the liquid vaporized in the boiler 18.
  • Liquid in the second flow path 42 exits the heat exchanger 38 on a line 54 which may be connected directly to the supply line 20 for the boiler 18. Alternately, and preferably, the exit line 54 from the heat exchanger 38 is- connected to the supply line 20 via the first flow path 56 of an additional heat exchanger 58.
  • the coolant lines 16 and 15 for the engine 10 are connected to a second flow path 60 in the heat exchanger 58 which is in heat exchange re ⁇ lation with the flow path 56.
  • hot coolant from the engine is utilized to further preheat the liquid
  • the incoming liquid on the line 20 to the boiler 18 is vaporized by heat obtained from the exhaust gas.
  • a line 62 connected to the engine exhaust 12 directs hot exhaust gas through the boiler 18 to heat the incoming liquid on line 20 and vaporize the same.
  • the invention contemplates that the line 62 may be provided with a burner 64 which may be selectively used to increase the temperature of the exhaust gases to a temperature above that at which they exhaust the engine 10.
  • the gases from the exhaust 12 will have insuf ⁇ ficient heat content to vaporize an appreciable amount of liquid in the boiler 18 to drive the turbine 24 at a sufficient speed to appreciably turbocharge the engine 10. This may also be true in some instances when the engine is turning at relatively high speeds but operating under little or no load, or even being driven by a vehicle coasting down a long grade.
  • the burner 64 is selectively operated to elevate the temperature of the exhaust gases above that atwhich they exit the engine 10 to thereby rapidly increase the heat con ⁇ tent of the exhaust gases to speed up the vaporization process and increase the rate of response of the tur ⁇ bocharger.
  • the flow path 66 through which the exhaust gases flow in the boiler 18 is constructed so that there is good heat exchange from the exhuast gas to the liquid received on the line 20 and flowing in a flow path 68 through the boiler 18 and yet allows the exhaust to flow through the path 66 with minimal pressure drop.
  • pressurized ex ⁇ haust gases exiting the flow path 66 from the boiler 18 may be directed via a line 70 to a further expander 72 to be expanded down to atmospheric pressure.
  • the expander 72 preferably is a turbine having a rotary output shaft 74.
  • the output shaft 74 may be utilized to drive auxiliary components in the system as is known or, in the alternative, may be mechanically coupled as shown schematically at 76 to the output shaft 78 of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • an engine made according to the invention maxi ⁇ mizes the recovery of otherwise waste energy in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine utilizing the highly efficient Rankine cycle.
  • the extraction of heat energy from the exhaust gas in a boiler without substantial pressure loss prior to expansion of the exhaustgases in a turbine or the like maximizes '
  • the system not only makes use of the heat content of the exhaust gas for vaporization purposes in the boiler 18, but utilizes pressure energy of the exhaust by expanding it in the expander 72 to provide useful work.
  • the invention further utilizes the heat content of low pressure vapor exiting the expander 24 to pre ⁇ heat the liquid that is subsequently vaporized to fur ⁇ ther recapture energy in the system.
  • the invention also makes use of heat from the engine that would ordinarily be rejected to the coolant through the use of the heat exchanger 58. It is to be noted however that in some instances, the heat exchanger 58 could be dispensed with the condensed liquid from the pump 50 being circulated directly through the engine block 10 before being supplied to one or the other or both of the heat exchanger 28 and the boiler 18. Generally, however, it will be preferable to use the heat exchanger 58 since engine coolant will often contain anti-freeze and corrosion inhibitors which may interfere with proper operation of the turbine 24.

Abstract

Un moteur à combustion interne avec cycle de blocage Rankine comprend un moteur (10) à combustion interne muni d'un échappement (12) pour les gaz d'échappement de la combustion. L'invention comprend un détendeur (24) muni d'une sortie mécanique (26) qui réalise le travail nécessaire et une chaudière (18). Une conduite (20) apporte du liquide à la chaudière pour y être vaporisé et le liquide vaporisé est apporté par une autre conduite (22) à la turbine (24) pour l'actionner. La chaleur nécessaire pour vaporiser le liquide dans la chaudière (18) est obtenue de l'échappement (12) par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite (62). Les gaz d'échappement sont en outre détendus dans un détendeur (71) ce qui permet d'obtenir une puissance utile supplémentaire.
PCT/US1980/000712 1980-06-06 1980-06-06 Moteur a combustion interne avec cycle de blocage rankine WO1983002643A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1980/000712 WO1983002643A1 (fr) 1980-06-06 1980-06-06 Moteur a combustion interne avec cycle de blocage rankine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1980/000712 WO1983002643A1 (fr) 1980-06-06 1980-06-06 Moteur a combustion interne avec cycle de blocage rankine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983002643A1 true WO1983002643A1 (fr) 1983-08-04

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US1980/000712 WO1983002643A1 (fr) 1980-06-06 1980-06-06 Moteur a combustion interne avec cycle de blocage rankine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1983002643A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101926268B1 (ko) 2017-07-14 2018-12-06 두산중공업 주식회사 폐열회수 시스템 및 방법

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1011520A (en) * 1910-11-25 1911-12-12 Harry Benwell Stocks Combined internal-combustion and fluid-pressure engine.
GB380315A (en) * 1930-12-15 1932-09-15 Emil Sahli Kummer Improvements in and relating to power aggregates
US2109237A (en) * 1934-06-25 1938-02-22 Lustig Ludwig Power plant
US2159758A (en) * 1936-09-24 1939-05-23 Gen Electric Power plant
US2370949A (en) * 1942-06-23 1945-03-06 Gaisberger Joseph Combined steam and gas or diesel power plant
GB639234A (en) * 1947-11-12 1950-06-21 Richard William Bailey Improvements in and relating to power plant
US3541783A (en) * 1968-09-25 1970-11-24 Warnowwerf Warnemunde Veb Combined drive engine system for ships
DE2414147A1 (de) * 1974-03-23 1975-10-09 Ewald Dipl Ing Renner Hybrid-motor
US3948053A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-04-06 Joseph Gamell Industries, Incorporated System for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine
US4033135A (en) * 1975-02-07 1977-07-05 Sulzer Brothers Limited Plant and process for vaporizing and heating liquid natural gas
US4182127A (en) * 1977-12-12 1980-01-08 Johnson Robert H Power recovery and feedback system

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1011520A (en) * 1910-11-25 1911-12-12 Harry Benwell Stocks Combined internal-combustion and fluid-pressure engine.
GB380315A (en) * 1930-12-15 1932-09-15 Emil Sahli Kummer Improvements in and relating to power aggregates
US2109237A (en) * 1934-06-25 1938-02-22 Lustig Ludwig Power plant
US2159758A (en) * 1936-09-24 1939-05-23 Gen Electric Power plant
US2370949A (en) * 1942-06-23 1945-03-06 Gaisberger Joseph Combined steam and gas or diesel power plant
GB639234A (en) * 1947-11-12 1950-06-21 Richard William Bailey Improvements in and relating to power plant
US3541783A (en) * 1968-09-25 1970-11-24 Warnowwerf Warnemunde Veb Combined drive engine system for ships
US3948053A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-04-06 Joseph Gamell Industries, Incorporated System for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine
DE2414147A1 (de) * 1974-03-23 1975-10-09 Ewald Dipl Ing Renner Hybrid-motor
US4033135A (en) * 1975-02-07 1977-07-05 Sulzer Brothers Limited Plant and process for vaporizing and heating liquid natural gas
US4182127A (en) * 1977-12-12 1980-01-08 Johnson Robert H Power recovery and feedback system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101926268B1 (ko) 2017-07-14 2018-12-06 두산중공업 주식회사 폐열회수 시스템 및 방법

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