WO1980002063A1 - Systeme de chauffage d'une poche de coulee - Google Patents

Systeme de chauffage d'une poche de coulee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1980002063A1
WO1980002063A1 PCT/US1980/000279 US8000279W WO8002063A1 WO 1980002063 A1 WO1980002063 A1 WO 1980002063A1 US 8000279 W US8000279 W US 8000279W WO 8002063 A1 WO8002063 A1 WO 8002063A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ladle
heat exchanger
air
seal
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1980/000279
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
D Battles
Original Assignee
Cadre Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/022,687 external-priority patent/US4223873A/en
Priority claimed from US06/092,374 external-priority patent/US4229211A/en
Application filed by Cadre Corp filed Critical Cadre Corp
Priority to BR8007866A priority Critical patent/BR8007866A/pt
Publication of WO1980002063A1 publication Critical patent/WO1980002063A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
    • B22D41/01—Heating means
    • B22D41/015—Heating means with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a ladle heating system wherein a flame is directed into the chamber of a ladle and the hot gases are exhausted from the ladle through a heat exchanger which heats the on ⁇ coming air and fuel that forms the flame.
  • ladles and similar metal receivers such as holding vessels and vacuum furnace chambers, receive a charge of molten metal.
  • the receivers usually are lined with a refractory material, and it is desirable to preheat the receiver before molten metal is received in the receiver in order to avoid interface solidification of the metal upon contact between the metal and the cold interior surface of the receiver, and also to avoid thermal shock to the refractory liner of the receiver, thus avoiding deterioration of the liner.
  • a preheated ladle also minimizes the heat loss from the molten metal as the metal is transported in the ladle from the furnace to the pouring position, thereby assisting in maintaining the molten metal at a high enough temperature for use in a casting machine or mold.
  • the present invention comprises an improved system for preheating ladles
  • molten metal receivers wherein a seal is applied to the rim of the ladle and air is directed through a heat exchanger and through the seal and mixed with a fuel to form a flame in the ladle chamber, and the gases from the flame are exhausted back through the seal and through the heat exchanger.
  • the heat in the exhaust gases are partially recouperated in the heat exchanger by being transferred to the oncoming air, and the flame formed in the ladle chamber is controlled so as to wash the inner surfaces of the chamber with heat in a manner that tends to avoid hot and cold spots in the ladle.
  • the exhaust gases are directed through an exhaust opening in the seal which is approximately concentric with the ladle rim, thus further controlling the heat applied to the ladle.
  • the seal formed aginst the ladle rim comprises a network of refractory fiber modules each formed from a web of refractory fibers, with the webs formed in an accordian fold, and the modules are arranged in a common plane with the folds of each module arranged at a right angle with respect to the folds of the adjacent modules.
  • the refractory fiber modules are maintained in compression by the seal support frame, and when the seal is pressed into abutment with the rim of the ladle, the modules tend to conform to the shape of the ladle rim and form a seal about the rim.
  • the ability of the seal to be compressed tends to compensate for irregularities of the ladle rim as might be caused by a build up of slag or by chips or rough surfaces present on the ladle rim.
  • the heat exchanger is shielded from direct radiation from the _ flame in the ladle chamber, and the heat exchanger optionally comprises a multiple stage heat exchanger with the first exchanger that receives the hottest gases being fabricated of a material with a superior
  • the system of the invention further includes a means for sensing the temperature of the ladle and a means responsive to the temperature
  • oxygen sensing means for adjusting the composition of the fuel-air mixture provided to the fuel burner by the variable fuel supply means to minimize the amount of unburned oxygen in the exhaust outlet path in order to maximize the efficiency of the combustion.
  • the ladle heating system according to the present invention thus has the advantages of energy efficiency resulting from careful control of
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a ladle heating system with an improved seal assembly which is effective to form a seal about the rims of ladles of different sizes and shapes and which compensates for the build up of slag on the rim of the ladle and for chips, cracks or other imperfections present in the rim of the ladle and avoids the dissemination of noise because of escaping gases or "stingers" from between the ladle rim and the seal assembly.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective illustration of a ladle and the ladle heater, with portions removed to illustrate the inside of the ladle and the ladle heater, illustrating the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a back view of the ladle heater of Fig. 1, with the carriage removed.
  • Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the ladle heater of Fig. 1, with the carriage removed.
  • Fig. 4 is a front elevational view of the ladle heater of Fig. 1, with the carriage removed, showing the face of the seal assembly.
  • Fig. 5 is a detailed exploded perspective illustration of several of the refractory fiber modules and the upright seal support plate of the ladle heater of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective illustration, similar to Fig. 1, but illustrating a second embodiment of the ladle heater.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective illustration of a third embodiment of the ladle heater.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of the control system for controlling the operation of the ladle heater of Figs. 1-7
  • Fig. 9 is a side elevational view, with portions illustrated in cross section, of a fourth embodiment of the ladle heater.
  • Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of a fifth embodiment of the ladle heater.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic representation of the control system for controlling the operation of the ladle heaters of Figs. 9 and 10.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the ladle heater 10 for heating ladles such as ladle 11.
  • the ladle 11 is illustrated as resting on its side on support blocks 12 and shims 13, with its rim 14 facing to the side.
  • the ladle 11 includes a chamber 15 lined with fire brick or other suitable heat resistant material.
  • the rim 14 typically is circular in shape but can include a pouring spout or other non circular shapes. In some instances a build up of slag is present on the rim 14 of the ladle, or the ladle rim may be chipped or cracked or otherwise imperfect in shape.
  • Ladle heater 10 includes a carriage 18 mounted on wheels 19 and the wheels are movable along tracks 20.
  • Seal assembly 21 is mounted on carriage 18, a heat exchanger 22 is also mounted on carriage 18, blower 24 is mounted on carriage 18, and air conduit means 25 includes blower exhaust duct 26 which extends upwardly from blower 24, heat exchanger tubes 29, a second heat exchanger header 30 positioned on the other side of the heat exchange tubes 29, and branch conduit 31 and 32 extending downwardly from heater 29 and turning inwardly through seal assembly 21.
  • Burners 35 and 36 communicate with the air conduit means 25 at the intersection of the branch conduits 31 and 32 with the seal assembly 21.
  • a filter 34 is mounted on the inlet of blower 24.
  • An exhaust gas conduit means 38 defines an opening 39 through seal assembly 21 between burners 35 and 36 and duct work 40 that extends first in a horizontal leg 41 from opening 39 and then in a vertical leg 42 upwardly to heat exchanger 22, and then an exhaust duct 44 extends upwardly from the heat exchanger and directs the exhaust gases away from the lade heater.
  • a damper 45 is located in exhaust duct 44 and is arranged to selectively block or restrict the movement of gases through the exhaust gas conduit means.
  • the heat exchanger 22 is remotely located from opening 39 of exhaust gas conduit means 38 whereby the flames in the chamber 15 of ladle 11 do not directly radiate heat to the heat exchanger.
  • the duct work 40 of the exhaust gas conduit means is heat insulated.
  • the framework 46 is mounted on carriage 18 and includes various upright, horizontal and diagonal
  • seal assembly 21 comprises a support frame 48 that • j c includes upright side frame elements 49 and 50, upper horizontal frame element 51 and lower horizontal frame element 52.
  • Upright steel support plate 54 has its edges in abutment with frame elements 49-52.
  • Frame elements 49-52 are channel members, each have 0 one flange in abutment with the upright steel plate 54 and the outer flanges thereof located in a common plane and forming a frame rim.
  • a network of refractory fiber modules or insulating blocks 55 are mounted in support frame 48, forming a surface of 5 refractory fibers inside the frame elements.
  • Each refractory fiber module or batt 55 (Fig. 5) is formed from a web or blanket of refractory fibers, and the webs are in the form of elongated sheets. The sheets are folded in a zig-zag or an accordion arrangement so as to- include a series 5 of layers 56 with exposed side edges 58 and folds 59 on a front surface and similar folds 60 on the back surface of the modules.
  • the modules 55 are rectangular in shape and are each maintained in their accordion folded configuration by bands wrapped around the module until the modules are mounted in the support frame 48, whereupon the bands are removed.
  • the bands tend to hold the modules in compression until the bands are removed.
  • the modules each include support rods 61 extending between the layers 56 at the folds 60 at the back surface of the module with connecting tabs 62 extending therefrom and projecting through the blanket at a fold 60.
  • a channel-shaped connector bracket 63 defines slots therethrough for receiving the tabs 62 of the support rods and when the tabs are inserted through an opening they are bent so that the bracket 63 is secured to the module.
  • the channel of the channel- shaped bracket is then attached to a projection 64 mounted on the upright support plate 54 to secure the module to the support frame 48.
  • the modules 55 are packed within the confines of the support frame. After they have been properly positioned and packed in the support frame, their straps (not shown) are removed, and the modules tend to remain in compression due to their abutment with one another. It will be noted that the folds 59 of each module 55 are oriented at a right angle with respect to the folds of the next adjacent modules. Thus, a parket or alternating fold effect is created across the network of the seal assembly.
  • the layers 56 are each approximately cube-shaped and are, in the disclosed embodiment, approximately one foot square. However, other dimensions and other shapes can be utilized if desired.
  • the rim 14 of the ladle moves into abutment with the seal assembly 21. Since the seal assembly 21 includes a network of refractory fiber modules 55 each formed in an accordion arrangement as illustrated in Fig. 5, the rim 14 tends to penetrate or move into the surface of the seal assembly formed by the folds 59 of the refractory fiber webs. As the rim is forced against the modules 55, an indentation is made in the refractory fibers.
  • the rim and seal assembly are moved together with a force in excess of 2 pounds per square inch, preferably with a force between 4 and 10 pounds per square inch, so that the rim tends to penetrate the surface of the seal asembly and a good seal is made about the ladle rim.
  • the desired depth of indentation in the seal assembly is about three inches.
  • the density of the refractory fiber modules is approximately 8 pounds per square inch.
  • Reversible motor 53 is mounted on carriage 18 and is in driving relationship with respect to the wheels 19 of the platform and thus functions as a means for urging the seal assembly and the rim of the ladle in compressive relationship wtih respect to each other.
  • Heat exchanqer 22 is located at the upper portion of the ladle heater 10 where it is accessible for inspection and repair. This location of the heat exchanger also places it in a remote location with respect to the flame applied within the chamber 15 of the ladle 11, so that the heat exchanger is not in direct heat radiation with respect to the flame in the chamber. This protects the heat exchanger from the additional heat of radiation, while the heat exchanger is fully exposed to the heat of convection from the exhaust gases moving through the exhaust gas conduit means.
  • the heat exchanger 22 is fabricated from ceramic materials so that it is capable of withstanding temperatures in excess of 2000°F.
  • the usual procedure is to extinguish the flame within the chamber 15 of the ladle by terminating the flow of fuel and air to the burners 35 and 36, to close damper 45 in the exhaust duct 44 and to move the ladle 11 and ladle heater 10 apart, whereupon the ladle can be turned to an upright attitude and transported to a position for filling with molten metal, etc.
  • the damper 45 is closed, atmospheric air is substantially prevented from flowing through exhaust gas conduit means 38 and through heat exchanger 22. This avoids rapid cooling of the heat exchanger 22, and thereby reduces the hazard of damage to the heat exchanger due to rapid contraction.
  • the heat exchanger 22 will retain a substantial amount of its heat for its next cycle of operation.
  • the heat exchanger can be formed as a multiple stage heat exchanger wherein a first stage 65 is located relatively low in the exhaust gas conduit means 38 and one or more additional heat exchangers are located in sequence therewith.
  • a first stage 65 is located relatively low in the exhaust gas conduit means 38 and one or more additional heat exchangers are located in sequence therewith.
  • an intermediate or second stage heat exchanger 66 is located above the first stage heat exchanger, and an upper or third stage heater exchanger 67 is located above second stage heat exchanger 66.
  • the exhaust gases are directed in sequence through the first, second and third heat exchangers, with the first stage 65 receiving the hottest gases of combustion.
  • the air from blower 24 passes first through the upper or third stage heat exchanger 67, then through duct 68 to the second stage heat exchanger 66, then through duct 69 through the first stage heat exchanger 65, and then through branch conduits 31 and 32 to the burners 35 and 36.
  • Exhaust blower 24A is located above third stage heat exchangers 67 and induces a flow of hot gases from the ladle across the heat exchangers.
  • first stage heat exchanger 65 is fabricated from ceramic materials which are capable of withstanding temperatures in excess of 2000°F.
  • the second and third heat exchangers 66 and 67 are fabricated from stainless steel and carbon steel respectively which are mateirals which are not capable of withstanding the high temperatures that the ceramic materials can withstand.
  • the ceramic heat exchanger is fabricated to withstand temperatures up to 2600°F
  • the stainless steel heat exchanger is fabricated to withstand temperatures up to 1800°F
  • the carbon steel heat exchanger is fabricated to withstand temperatures up to 1000°F. It is anticipated that the temperature of the gases exhausted from the third stage heat exchanger will be approximately 600°F.
  • the air moved from blower 24 is expected to be received in third stage heat exchanger
  • seal assembly 70 comprises a support frame 71 and a network of refactory fiber modules (not shown) similar to those illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 are supported in the horizontal support frame.
  • the support frame is movably mounted on upright threaded jack screws 72 and 73 and the exhaust gas conduit means 75 comprises duct work 76 that extends from the opening (not shown) in the seal assembly 70 to the heat exchanger 74, and exhaust duct 78 directs the exhaust gases from the heat
  • Blower 79 directs air through conduit 80 to the upper header 81 of the heat exchanger, and the air is then directed down through the heat exchanger 74, lower header 82
  • the ladle heater of Fig. 7 is mounted on a carriage 86 and carriage 86 is mounted on wheels 88 for movement along a track or the like.
  • the reversible motor 89 is mounted on
  • 1° platform 18 is arranged to drive the wheels of the ladle heater so that the ladle heater can be moved along the tracks 20 toward or away from a ladle.
  • the ladle heater of Fig. 7 can be mounted in a stationary position if desired.
  • the jack screws function as a means for urging the seal assembly and the rim of the ladle in compressive relationship with respect to each other.
  • a control system is provided for controlling the operation of the 0 ladle heater illustrated in Figs. 1-4. Similar control systems are provided for ladle heaters of the type illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7. Air is directed from blower 24 through the air conduit means 25, through heat exchanger 22 and to burners 35 and 36 5 and through seal assembly 21 to the ladle 11. Air control valve 90 regulates the flow of air from blower 24 through the air conduit means, and position controller 91 controls the position valve 90. Position controller 91 is actuated by thermocouple 92 0 which detects the temperature of the exhaust gases moving through exhaust gas conduit means 38. Thus, when the temperature of the exhaust gases is higher than desired, position controller 91 and air control valve 90 function to reduce the amount of air moving 5 to the ladle.
  • Fuel is directed through fuel line 94 from a supply under pressure and passes through high temperature shutoff valve 95 and flame out safety shut off solenoid valves 96 and 97 to burners 35 and 36.
  • Thermocouple 99 senses the temperature of the exhaust gases flowing through exhaust gas conduit means 38 and regulates shutoff valve 95. For example, when the temperature of exhaust gases is too
  • valve 95 is closed and the flames from both burners 35 and 36 are extinguished.
  • Fuel regulator valve 100 is also positioned in fuel line 94. Fuel/ air regular 101 regulates the fuel valve 100, and its sensing conduit 102 communicates with air supply
  • Sensing conduit 102 includes a bleed line 104, and valve 105 regulates the bleed through bleed line 104.
  • Position controller 106 regulates bleed valve 105, and position controller 106 is regulated by oxygen sensor 108 and by oxygen Q transmitter 109.
  • oxygen transmitter 109 causes position controller 106 to close valve 105, causing fuel air regulator 101 to further open fuel valve 100. This supplies ,. additional fuel to burners 35 and 36, thus tending to provide sufficient fuel to complete the combustion of the oxygen supplied by the air to the ladle.
  • ladle 212 is placed on a support stand 218 with the ladle tippled 90° from its normal vertical orientation such that the open end 216 of the ladle opens in a horizontal direction.
  • the ladle 212 can be a conventional ladle which includes a steel outer wall 214 and a refractory inner lining 215, which can be in the form of bricks.
  • the ladle heating system 210 includes a heat exchanger and burner assembly 220 also having a refractory or otherwise heat-resistant inner lining ⁇ 221.
  • the heat exchanger and burner assembly 220 has an open end 222 defined by a mouth 224 opening in a horizontal direction at the side of the heat exchanger.
  • the mouth 224 defines a mating opening for receiving the open end 216 of the ladle 212, and holds a circular seal 225 comprising a ceramic fiber compaction material.
  • the material of the seal 225 gives somewhat when engaged by the open end 216 of the ladle 212 to prevent excessive leakage between the interior of the ladle and the outside atmosphere.
  • Ambient air is directed along an air inlet duct 228 by means of a blower 230 into the assembly 220.
  • the air inlet duct 228 splits into two branches before entering the assembly 220, and the volume of air delivered by the blower 230 is regulated by a variable orifice valve 231 located prior to the branching of the duct 228.
  • the branches of the air inlet duct 228 are connected to a pair of heat exchange units 228 within the heat assembly 220, only one of which is visible in Fig. 9.
  • Each heat exchange unit 229 includes an air inlet path and an exhaust outlet path.
  • the air inlet path is connected to one of a pair of fuel burners 233 which are located within the assembly 220 and oriented to project a flame and combustion gases into the ladle 212 to uniformly heat the refractory lining 215 of the ladle 212.
  • the exhaust outlet path defined within each heat exchange unit 229 is open at 232 to the interior of the ladle 212.
  • a conventional temperature probe 234 such as a thermocouple
  • a conventional oxygen probe 235 which detects the amount of oxygen in the gases surrounding the probe by measuring the change in the electrical resistance of the gases.
  • the exhaust outlet path defined within the heat exchange units 229 is also connected to an insulated exhaust duct 36 which communicates with the surrounding atmosphere either directly or through a filter or other pollution control device.
  • the boundaries between the air inlet path and the exhaust outlet path of the heat exchange units 229 must be constructed of material sufficient to withstand the heat of the combustion gases produced by the burners 233, which can be in excess of 2000°F.
  • a suitable heat recuperator for this purpose is a single pass cross-flow shell and tube, heat exchanger with the interior components constructed of ceramic materials.
  • the invention is manufactured by Hague International, Inc. under the product designation "HI 'TRANSJET 1 Model 300", using natural gas as a fuel and capable of a heat output of 5.8 x l ⁇ BTU/Hr.
  • the burners 233 are supplied with natural gas from a gas supply 238 (shown diagramatically in Fig. 11) through a fuel supply line 239 which includes a main fuel control valve 240 and an oxygen responsive control valve 241 downstream from the main valve 240.
  • a schematic diagram of the ladle heating system of the invention including the control system utilized to operate the ladle heating system 210 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 11. Signals are received from the temperature probe 234 at a temperature controller circuit 248.
  • the construction of a controller circuit 248 to perform the functions required is within the capability of those skilled in the art, and is commercially available.
  • the circuit 248 monitors the temperature signal from the temperature probe 234 and compares it to a predetermined temperature.
  • the predetermined temperature is arriaved at by correlating empirical measurements of the actual temperature of the ladle 212 and the temperature measured by the probe 234 at the opening 232 to the exhaust outlet path of the heat exchange unit 229, so that the predetermined temperature represents a ladle temperature equal to the temperature to which it is desired to heat the ladle prior to being charged with molten metal.
  • the desired ladle temperature can range from 1600-2600°F depending on the type of molten metal to be placed in the ladle.
  • the controller circuit 248 initiates a starter 256 to operate a motor 257 for a short period of time.
  • the motor 257 is mechanically linked by a linkage 258 to both the air inlet valve 231 and the main fuel valve 240, and thus causes the valve 231 to decrease the amount of air traveling in the air inlet duct 228 and also causes the valve 240 in the fuel line 239 to decrease the amount of fuel being delivered to the burners 233. The temperature of the burner output is thereby decreased.
  • control circuit 250 causes the valves 231 and 240 to increase the supply of air and fuel to the burners 233 by operating the motor 257 in a reverse direction.
  • an oxygen controller circuit 249 which is operable to adjacent he oxygen responsive valve 241 in the fuel line 231 in response to the oxygen probe 235.
  • the oxygen controller circuit 249 is also within the capability of those skilled in the art, and is commercially available from Hague International, Inc. under the product designation "OxSen”. Whenever the amount of oxygen in the combustion gases as measured by the oxygen probe 235 rises above a predetermined valve representing efficient combustion, the controller circuit 249 causes a starter 254 to operate a motor 255 for a short period of time.
  • the motor 255 is connected via a mechanical linkage 259 to the valve 241 which is thereby mechanically opened somewhat to slightly increase the amount of -fuel being delivered along the fuel supply line 239 to be mixed with air from the air inlet duct 288 and burned in the burners 233. Likewise, if the oxygen measured
  • the assembled heat exchanger and burner assembly 220, blower 230 and ducts 288 and 236 are mounted on a motorized transporter 244 which runs on wheels 245 along rails 246.
  • the assembly 220 is selectively moved horizontally along the rails 246 by a propulsion means (not shown) of any conventional type known to those skilled in the art. Travel of the transporter 244 along the rails 246 is limited by an end stop 247.
  • a ladle 212 is first placed on its side on the stand 218 at the end of the rails 246 by any conventional means such as an overhead crane.
  • the transporter 244 initially located in spaced relation from the end stop 247, is then moved horizontally until the transporter 244 rests against the end stop 247 and the seal 225 within the mouth 224 of the heat exchanger and burner assembly 220 is engaged with the open end 216 of the ladle 212.
  • the operation of the blower 230 is initiated to deliver air along the inlet duct 228. After traveling through the inlet air path of the heat exchange units 229, the air is mixed with fuel from the fuel line 239 and the mixture is ignited in the burner.
  • the hot combustion gases escape from the interior of the ladle 212 through the opening 232 of the heat exchange units 229 into the exhaust outlet path of the heat exchange units 229. While passing through the heat exchange units 229, the hot exhaust gases transfer heat to the inlet air passing through the inlet air path of the heat exchange units 229. Preheating of the inlet air before mixture with fuel for combustion makes the operation of the burners 233 more efficient.
  • the hot combustion gases After passing through the exhaust outlet path of the heat exchange units 229, the hot combustion gases are exhausted through the exhaust conduit 236.
  • the amount of oxygen in the combustion gases is monitored by the probe, and a signal providing such information is transmitted from the oxygen probe 239 to the oxygen controller circuit 249. If the amount of oxygen measured by the probe
  • a >-- WI ⁇ 235 is higher than a predetermined value, the controller circuit 249 causes the oxygen responsive valve 241 to allow more fuel to be mixed with the inlet air in order to more fully burn the oxygen in the inlet air. If the amount of oxygen measured by the probe 235 becomes too small, the fuel-air ratio is decreased to maintain optimum combustion condition in the burners 233.
  • the hot combustion gases also pass over the temperature probe 235 which monitors the temperature of the gases as they enter the heat exchange units 229.
  • the temperature controller circuit 248 lowers the output of the burners 233 by simultaneously gradually closing the blower valve 231 and the main fuel valve 240 in the fuel line 239.
  • the burners when initially ignited, they can run at full capacity and the relatively cool ladle 12 will rapidly absorb the heat of the combustion gases. As the ladle becomes heated, it will less readily absorb heat and the temperature.probe 234 will rise.
  • an unheated 55 ton ladle would accept heat initially at a rate of about eleven million BT ⁇ /Hr, but would eventually reach a stabilized condition. In such a condition only about two million BT ⁇ /Hr are required to maintain the elevated temperature of the ladle.
  • the control system of the present invention heats the ladle 212- at the maximum rate possible, while maintaining energy efficiency by operating the burners 233 to provide the maximum level of heat which the ladle 212 can absorb at any particular time _ during the heating of the ladle.
  • the intensity of the burners it thus gradually throttled down from maximum output to minimum output, during the course of a typical ladle heating operation. If, during a
  • the controller circuit 248 causes the valve 231 and 240 to increase the intensity of
  • control system is designed so that the fine tuning of the fuel-air ratio provided by the oxygen controller 249 operates 5 effectively at whatever level of intensity the burners 233 assume in response to the temperature of the combustion gases as measured by the temperature probe 235 and regulated by the temperature controller 248. 0
  • the transporter 244 is moved horizontally along the rails 246 to remove the heat exchanger 220 from engagement with the open end 216 5 of the ladle 212.
  • the ladle 212 may then be removed from the stand 218 and delivered to a station for receiving molten metal from a furnace.
  • the ladle heating system 210 could alternatively be fixed in position, and that the 0 transporter would be located to convey the ladle 212 between the position shown in Fig. 9 engaging the heat exchanger, and a position spaced apart from the fixed system for engagement by an overhead crane or the like. Moreover, the ladle heating system 210 can 5
  • FIG. 10 depicts a ladle heating apparatus 260.
  • the ladle heating apparatus 260 is similar in all respects to the apparatus shown in Fig. 9, with the exception that two additional heat exchangers, a stainless steel heat exchanger 252 and a carbon steel heat exchanger 253, are included in the system.
  • the blower 230 delivers air through an inlet conduit 228a to an inlet air path within the heat exchanger 253, through a connecting inlet duct 228b to an inlet air path within the heat exchanger 252, and thereafter through an inlet air duct 228c to the ceramic heat exchanger and burner assembly 220 which includes the burners 233 and engages the ladle 212.
  • the hot combustion gases pass through an exhaust duct 236a to the exhaust path of the stainless steel heat exchanger 252, through exhaust ducts 236b and 236c to the exhaust path within the carbon steel heat exchanger 253, and thereafter are exhausted to atmopshere through a duct 262.
  • the ceramic heat exchanger and burner assembly 220 is constucted of materials capable of withstanding the combustion gas temperatures, which are in excess of 2000°F, and transfers heat from such gases to the inlet air stream.
  • the stainless steel heat exchanger is capable of withstanding the exhaust gases of intermediate temperature after heat has been extracted therefrom by the ceramic heat exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

Prealablement a la reception d'une charge de metal fondu, une poche (11) est chauffee par une flamme directe, en appliquant un obturateur (21, 225) au rebord de la poche et en dirigeant de l'air au travers d'un echangeur de chaleur (29, 229) et de la poche, en melangeant du combustible avec de l'air et en allumant le melange et en dirigeant la flamme a l'interieur de la chambre a poche et en evacuant les gaz de combustion depuis la chambre a poche en retour au travers de l'echangeur de chaleur. L'obturateur (21, 225) applique au rebord de la poche comprend un treillis de fibres refractaires monte es dans un plan commun. Dans une mise en oeuvre, les fibres sont formees en modules (55) et les modules comprennent chacun un bloc rectangulaire forme par pliage en accordeon, et les modules sont montes avec leurs bords plies (59) exposes, les plis de chaque module s'etendant a angle droit par rapport aux plis des modules adjacents.
PCT/US1980/000279 1979-03-21 1980-03-18 Systeme de chauffage d'une poche de coulee WO1980002063A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR8007866A BR8007866A (pt) 1979-03-21 1980-03-18 Sistema de aquecimento de concha de fundicao

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/022,687 US4223873A (en) 1979-03-21 1979-03-21 Direct flame ladle heating method and apparatus
US92374 1979-11-08
US06/092,374 US4229211A (en) 1979-11-08 1979-11-08 Ladle heating system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1980002063A1 true WO1980002063A1 (fr) 1980-10-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1980/000279 WO1980002063A1 (fr) 1979-03-21 1980-03-18 Systeme de chauffage d'une poche de coulee

Country Status (11)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5952020B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE882345A (fr)
BR (1) BR8007866A (fr)
CA (1) CA1137302A (fr)
DE (1) DE3038761C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8101956A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2452077A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2057654B (fr)
IT (1) IT1194629B (fr)
MX (1) MX153242A (fr)
WO (1) WO1980002063A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0141554A1 (fr) * 1983-10-24 1985-05-15 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Dispositif pour chauffer des poches ou similaires
EP0150614A2 (fr) * 1983-12-21 1985-08-07 J.T. Thorpe Company Anneaux d'étanchéité en fibre réfractaire pour appareil de préchauffage d'une poche de coulée
CN110508795A (zh) * 2019-08-01 2019-11-29 安庆帝伯格茨活塞环有限公司 一种用于浇包的烘包装置及其烘包方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP7267330B2 (ja) * 2021-02-18 2023-05-01 マフテック株式会社 リジェネバーナ用耐火物ユニット及びその製造方法
AT526114B1 (de) * 2022-05-10 2024-06-15 Fill Gmbh Vorheizstation zum Vorheizen einer Schmelzetransportvorrichtung

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US1057905A (en) * 1911-12-05 1913-04-01 Edgar Widekind Apparatus for drying and heating ladles, &c.
US2294168A (en) * 1941-03-25 1942-08-25 Charles B Francis Gas burner for heating the interior of circular vessels
US3970444A (en) * 1972-09-27 1976-07-20 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximiliansnutte Mbh Method for pouring steel during continuous casting

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EP0141554A1 (fr) * 1983-10-24 1985-05-15 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Dispositif pour chauffer des poches ou similaires
EP0150614A2 (fr) * 1983-12-21 1985-08-07 J.T. Thorpe Company Anneaux d'étanchéité en fibre réfractaire pour appareil de préchauffage d'une poche de coulée
EP0150614A3 (en) * 1983-12-21 1986-09-17 J.T. Thorpe Company Refractory fibre ladle preheater sealing rings
CN110508795A (zh) * 2019-08-01 2019-11-29 安庆帝伯格茨活塞环有限公司 一种用于浇包的烘包装置及其烘包方法

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BR8007866A (pt) 1981-02-03
DE3038761A1 (en) 1981-04-23
ES489799A0 (es) 1980-12-16
DE3038761C1 (de) 1985-02-21
BE882345A (fr) 1980-07-16
FR2452077B1 (fr) 1985-04-19
JPS56500328A (fr) 1981-03-19
ES8101956A1 (es) 1980-12-16
IT8020832A0 (it) 1980-03-21
CA1137302A (fr) 1982-12-14
IT1194629B (it) 1988-09-22
GB2057654A (en) 1981-04-01
MX153242A (es) 1986-09-02
FR2452077A1 (fr) 1980-10-17
GB2057654B (en) 1983-08-03
JPS5952020B2 (ja) 1984-12-17

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