WO1980001200A1 - Systeme de lubrification centrifuge pour palier de transmission en coquille - Google Patents
Systeme de lubrification centrifuge pour palier de transmission en coquille Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1980001200A1 WO1980001200A1 PCT/US1978/000216 US7800216W WO8001200A1 WO 1980001200 A1 WO1980001200 A1 WO 1980001200A1 US 7800216 W US7800216 W US 7800216W WO 8001200 A1 WO8001200 A1 WO 8001200A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- transmission
- collector region
- bearing
- port
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
- F16N7/36—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with feed by pumping action of the member to be lubricated or of a shaft of the machine; Centrifugal lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
- F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
- F16C33/6659—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing, e.g. passages or nozzles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
- F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
- F16H57/0426—Means for guiding lubricant into an axial channel of a shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
- F16H57/0427—Guidance of lubricant on rotary parts, e.g. using baffles for collecting lubricant by centrifugal force
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0469—Bearings or seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
- F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
- F16H57/0423—Lubricant guiding means mounted or supported on the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes or pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
- F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
- F16H57/0424—Lubricant guiding means in the wall of or integrated with the casing, e.g. grooves, channels, holes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0469—Bearings or seals
- F16H57/0471—Bearing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0493—Gearings with spur or bevel gears
- F16H57/0494—Gearings with spur or bevel gears with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
Definitions
- This invention relates to bearing lubrication, and more particularly to the lubrication of transmission pocket bearings.
- a mainshaft In a standard transmission, a mainshaft is journalled to an input shaft via a pocket bearing.
- the latter bearing has been traditionally difficult to lubricate because of its relatively concealed position within a bore in the end of the input shaft.
- Conventional devices for providing pocket bearing lubrication have included port holes, grease packs, oil slingers, and hydraulic pumps. Port holes generally are machined radially through transmission input shafts for ducting oil inwardly to pocket bearings.
- Grease packs are simply large masses of grease in which pocket bearings are packed during assembly of transmissions. Oil slingers and hydraulic pumps involve mechanical pumping actions for providing forced oil flow to pocket bearings.
- Port holes have been found deficient in high speed lubrication of transmission input shafts because oil travels inwardly to the pocket bearings only during slow rotation or stoppage of the shaft. At high rotation, speeds, centrifugal force throws the oil outwardly rather than inwardly through the port holes, thus starving the bearing at high speeds when lubrication becomes more critical.
- Grease packs have been successful at low speeds and under low loading conditions. However, under increased speed and loading conditions grease packs deteriorate rapidly and are, therefore, unsuitable for long-term bearing lubrication.
- oil slingers and hydraulic pumps have been more successful than port holes and grease packs under high speed and load conditions.
- slingers and pumps are generally more expensive to machine, and often work against rather than with centrifugal force in the movement of lubricant to pocket bearings.
- a preferred embodiment of this invention includes a stationary annular oil baffle mounted against the transmission input shaft support bearing between the latter bearing and an external bearing cap.
- the baffle and the bearing cap form an oil passageway through which transmission splash and spray oil is diverted around the support bearing to a collector region along the input shaft.
- a centrifugal oil ring fixed to the input shaft rotates about an annular lip on the baffle, the lip closely surrounding the inside perimeter of the oil ring.
- a lubrication port extends through the input shaft bearing hub from the collector region to the pocket bearing. As the shaft rotates, oil is centrifugally thrown from the collector region to an oil receiving trough defined by the oil ring and adjoining lubrication port. A portion of the oil then overflows the receiving trough from the port exit into the pocket bearing. The remainder flows from the oil ring to the support bearing.
- Figure 1 is an elevation side view in section of a transmission having, the pocket bearing, lubrication system of this invention.
- Figure 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
- FIG 3 is a partial side view in section of an alternate embodiment of this invention as used in. conjunction with a compound transmission.
- a vehicular transmission 10 includes a housing 12 which contains a rotary input shaft 14. The input shaft is journalled in a support bearing 16, and contains a pocket bearing 18 at the bearing hub end 20 for supporting a splined rotary mainshaft 22 axially aligned therewith.
- Two pocket bearing lubrication ports 24 extend through the bearing hub end 20 of the input shaft 14.
- the ports 24 are spaced 180° about the hub, and have entrances 26 proximal to the support bearing 16, and exits 28 proximal to the pocket bearing 18, as shown.
- a stationary oil baffle 30, which includes an axially extending lip 32 is positioned against the support bearing 16. The baffle 30 diverts splash and spray oil around the bearing 16 to a collector region 34 along the shaft and inwardly of the bearing 16.
- the collector region 34 is defined as the area along the shaft 14 bounded by the extremity 33 of the lip 32 and the port entrance 26.
- the baffle is positioned between the bearing 16 and a bearing cap 36, the baffle and bearing cap forming a passageway 35 for lubrication oil to flow, into the collector region 34.
- a splash and spray trough 37 acts as a reservoir for the collection of splash and spray oil thrown by the transmission gears and the ducting thereof into the passageway 35.
- An annular spacer 38 is positioned intermediate the baffle 30 and the outer race 40 of the bearing 16 to assure proper clearance, between the baffle and the rotating inner race and cage, 42 and 44 respectively, of the bearing 16.
- A. rotary centrifugal oil ring 46 extends circumf erentially about the lip 32 of the baffle 30, and is affixed to the input shaft 14 adjacent, the port entrance 26. From the collector region 34, oil is centrifugally forced outwardly by the rotating shaft 14 and collects in an oil receiving trough 45 defined by the oil ring 46 and adjoining lubrication port 24. The oil pools within the trough 45 until the trough becomes full; a portion of the oil then overflows from the port exit 28 to the pocket bearing 18, and the remainder overflows from the oil ring 46 to the support bearing 16 through the annular clearance space 48 between the oil ring and the lip 32 of the baffle 30.
- An internal portion 50 of the centrifugal oil ring 46 extends inwardly toward the shaft 14, as shown in Figure 1.
- the internal portion 50 acts as a dam for collection and pooling of oil centrifugally thrown into the oil ring 46 by the rotating shaft.
- the port extends radially inward toward the centerline. of the shaft 14 from the port entrance 26 to the port exit 28 as shown.
- the internal portion 50 have its innermost edge 53 at or below the line 52 drawn; parallel to the centerline 51 of shaft 14 and tangent to the outermost point 54 of the port exit 28.
- the outermost point 54 is also shown in Figure 2.
- FIG. 3 depicrs a second embodiment of the transmission pocket bearing lubrication system of this invention.
- a compound transmission 10' includes a rotary mainshaft 22' journalled in a support bearing 16'.
- An output shaft 56 is axially aligned with the mainshaft 22' and includes a pocket bearing 18' in which the end 58 of the mainshaft 22' is joumalled.
- a stationary annular oil baffle 30' has an axially extending lip 32' about which rotates an annular rotary centrifugal oil ring 46', the lip closely surrounding the inside perimeter of the oil ring.
- the lubrication port 24' extends through an auxiliary input gear 60 splined to the mainshaft 22', with exit 28' spaced from the pocket bearing 18' by gap 62.
- An annular oil collar 64 is provided to bridge tha gap 62, hence restricting tha oil from flowing into the gap 62 upon leaving the port exit 28', ensuring that upon leaving the port exit 28', the oil flows directly into the pocket: bearing 18'.
- the lubrication port 24' of this embodiment extends through a gear or the shaft rather than through the bearing hub of the shaft as in the first embodiment.
- the input gear 60 is defined as a radially extending portion of the shaft 22; so that in either embodiment the lubrication port may be said to extend, through a shaft.
- the system of Figure 3 also includes a second stationary annular oil baffle 66 adjacent, the baffle 30' for the purpose of providing a passageway 35' for splash and spray oil from an oil inlet 68 which adjoins the splash and spray trough 37'.
- the oil baffle 66 in this regard serves the same function as the bearing cap 36 of the first embodiment.
- the oil ring 46' in the compound gearbox system of Figure 3 includes an internal portion 50' which extends inwardly toward the mainshaft 22'.
- the innermost edge 53' of the internal portion 50' should in this case be radially inward of the line 52' (parallel to centerline 51' and extending through the outermost point 54' of port exit 28').
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
Abstract
Un systeme de lubrification centrifuge assure l'ecoulement d'huile de lubrification a un palier en coquille de transmission (18). L'huile de lubrification par projection et par pulverisation est dirigee a partir d'une boite de transmission (12) vers une region collectrice (34) le long d'un arbre (14) adjacant au palier (18). Lorsque l'arbre (14) tourne, l'huile est ejectee par centrifugation de la region collectrice (34) dans un auget recepteur (45) defini par (a) une lumiere de lubrification (24) s'etendant au travers de l'arbre (14) et (b) une bague de graissage (46) fixee a l'arbre (14) radialement par rapport a la zone collectrice (34) et adjacente a l'entree de la lumiere de lubrification (26). L'huile coule a partir de l'auget (45) a travers la sortie de la lumiere (28) vers le palier (18).
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1978/000216 WO1980001200A1 (fr) | 1978-12-11 | 1978-12-11 | Systeme de lubrification centrifuge pour palier de transmission en coquille |
DE2857678A DE2857678C2 (de) | 1978-12-11 | 1978-12-11 | Schmiervorrichtung für die Lager von Getrieben |
BR7808765A BR7808765A (pt) | 1978-12-11 | 1978-12-11 | Sistema de lubrificacao centrifuga para mancais de cavidade de transmissao |
JP54501267A JPS6237276B2 (fr) | 1978-12-11 | 1978-12-11 | |
GB8020289A GB2053381B (en) | 1978-12-11 | 1978-12-11 | Centrifugal lubrication system for transmission pocket bearing |
SE8005639A SE442664B (sv) | 1978-12-11 | 1980-08-08 | Smorjsystem av centrifugaltyp for kraftoverforingslager med oljebehallare |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1978/000216 WO1980001200A1 (fr) | 1978-12-11 | 1978-12-11 | Systeme de lubrification centrifuge pour palier de transmission en coquille |
WOUS78/00216 | 1978-12-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1980001200A1 true WO1980001200A1 (fr) | 1980-06-12 |
Family
ID=22141302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1978/000216 WO1980001200A1 (fr) | 1978-12-11 | 1978-12-11 | Systeme de lubrification centrifuge pour palier de transmission en coquille |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6237276B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR7808765A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2857678C2 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2053381B (fr) |
SE (1) | SE442664B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1980001200A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0148639A3 (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1986-01-22 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Lubrication arrangement in change-speed gearing assembly |
CN102466026A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-23 | 格特拉格传动机构和齿轮工厂赫尔曼·哈根迈尔有限公司&两合公司 | 轴装置 |
CN102705681A (zh) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡市洪成造纸机械有限公司 | 纸机润滑装置 |
WO2017016665A1 (fr) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Schenck Process Gmbh | Transmission et vibreur avec distributeur de fluide de lubrification |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4359142A (en) * | 1979-02-08 | 1982-11-16 | Dana Corporation | Impeller lubrication system for transmission pocket bearing |
DE4445956A1 (de) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-27 | Abb Management Ag | Hohlwellenpumpe |
DE10104420A1 (de) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-08-08 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Synchrongetriebe |
DE102005059115A1 (de) * | 2005-12-10 | 2007-06-14 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Ölschmiersystem für eine mit einem Gangschaltgetriebe wirkverbundene Mehrfachkupplung |
DE102007025402B4 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-08-13 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Pumpe für ein Haushaltsgerät |
EP2256373A1 (fr) | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif d'alimentation en lubrifiant d'un palier dans un engrenage |
GB2474873B (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2016-03-02 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Shift fork |
EP2505877B1 (fr) | 2011-03-28 | 2014-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Engrenage pour applications industrielles |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1749247A (en) * | 1922-06-14 | 1930-03-04 | Electric Service Supplies Co | Lubricating system |
US1794921A (en) * | 1929-02-07 | 1931-03-03 | Clifford H Ramsey | Lubricating system |
US2489699A (en) * | 1949-11-29 | Auxiliary transmission | ||
US2517913A (en) * | 1945-04-27 | 1950-08-08 | Arthur G Nickle | Gear case assembly |
US2797771A (en) * | 1954-11-08 | 1957-07-02 | Borg Warner | Lubricating system for transmission |
US2984122A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1961-05-16 | Borg Warner | Transmission mechanism |
US3223196A (en) * | 1962-01-08 | 1965-12-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Motor vehicle gearbox and pump |
US3407902A (en) * | 1966-03-15 | 1968-10-29 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Lubrication systems |
US3635311A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1972-01-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Oil scoop duct for rotatable troughed oil pumping drum |
US3650353A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1972-03-21 | Randle Leslie Abbott | Lubrication system for change-speed epicyclic gearing |
US3857462A (en) * | 1973-05-24 | 1974-12-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Lubrication for heavy duty thrust bearings |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1994921A (en) * | 1932-05-20 | 1935-03-19 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Automatic circuit breaker |
DE1625032A1 (de) * | 1967-04-25 | 1970-06-11 | Daimler Benz Ag | OElschmiersystem fuer Getriebe |
DE2543481C2 (de) * | 1975-09-30 | 1983-11-17 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Schmiervorrichtung |
-
1978
- 1978-12-11 BR BR7808765A patent/BR7808765A/pt unknown
- 1978-12-11 JP JP54501267A patent/JPS6237276B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1978-12-11 DE DE2857678A patent/DE2857678C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-12-11 GB GB8020289A patent/GB2053381B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-11 WO PCT/US1978/000216 patent/WO1980001200A1/fr unknown
-
1980
- 1980-08-08 SE SE8005639A patent/SE442664B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2489699A (en) * | 1949-11-29 | Auxiliary transmission | ||
US1749247A (en) * | 1922-06-14 | 1930-03-04 | Electric Service Supplies Co | Lubricating system |
US1794921A (en) * | 1929-02-07 | 1931-03-03 | Clifford H Ramsey | Lubricating system |
US2517913A (en) * | 1945-04-27 | 1950-08-08 | Arthur G Nickle | Gear case assembly |
US2797771A (en) * | 1954-11-08 | 1957-07-02 | Borg Warner | Lubricating system for transmission |
US2984122A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1961-05-16 | Borg Warner | Transmission mechanism |
US3223196A (en) * | 1962-01-08 | 1965-12-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Motor vehicle gearbox and pump |
US3407902A (en) * | 1966-03-15 | 1968-10-29 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Lubrication systems |
US3650353A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1972-03-21 | Randle Leslie Abbott | Lubrication system for change-speed epicyclic gearing |
US3635311A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1972-01-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Oil scoop duct for rotatable troughed oil pumping drum |
US3857462A (en) * | 1973-05-24 | 1974-12-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Lubrication for heavy duty thrust bearings |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0148639A3 (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1986-01-22 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Lubrication arrangement in change-speed gearing assembly |
CN102466026A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-23 | 格特拉格传动机构和齿轮工厂赫尔曼·哈根迈尔有限公司&两合公司 | 轴装置 |
US20120129614A1 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Getrag Getriebe- Und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer Gmbh & Cie Kg | Shaft arrangement |
US8636113B2 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2014-01-28 | Getrag Getriebe- Und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer Gmbh & Cie Kg | Shaft arrangement |
CN102705681A (zh) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡市洪成造纸机械有限公司 | 纸机润滑装置 |
WO2017016665A1 (fr) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Schenck Process Gmbh | Transmission et vibreur avec distributeur de fluide de lubrification |
AU2016299064B2 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2018-12-13 | Schenck Process Australia Pty Limited | Gearbox and vibration generator having a lubricating-fluid distributor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2857678A1 (de) | 1980-12-04 |
JPS55501152A (fr) | 1980-12-18 |
DE2857678C2 (de) | 1990-08-02 |
GB2053381B (en) | 1983-03-30 |
SE442664B (sv) | 1986-01-20 |
JPS6237276B2 (fr) | 1987-08-11 |
SE8005639L (sv) | 1980-08-08 |
GB2053381A (en) | 1981-02-04 |
BR7808765A (pt) | 1981-06-30 |
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