USRE38238E1 - Method for treating wastewater sludge - Google Patents

Method for treating wastewater sludge Download PDF

Info

Publication number
USRE38238E1
USRE38238E1 US10/117,082 US11708202A USRE38238E US RE38238 E1 USRE38238 E1 US RE38238E1 US 11708202 A US11708202 A US 11708202A US RE38238 E USRE38238 E US RE38238E
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sludge
lime
days
ckd
drying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US10/117,082
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John P. Nicholson
Jeffrey C. Burnham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
N Viro International Corp
Original Assignee
N Viro International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=26692717&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=USRE38238(E1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from US07/019,888 external-priority patent/US4781842A/en
Priority claimed from US07/149,575 external-priority patent/US4902431A/en
Application filed by N Viro International Corp filed Critical N Viro International Corp
Priority to US10/117,082 priority Critical patent/USRE38238E1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USRE38238E1 publication Critical patent/USRE38238E1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of treating wastewater sludge designed to decontaminate the sludge so that it can be safely applied as fertilizer to agricultural lands.
  • the EPA has promulgated rules governing the type of processes that can be used to treat wastewater sludge.
  • PFRP Process to Further Reduce Pathogens
  • PSRP Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens
  • Appendix II of 40 CFR 257 classifies the following as PSRP and PFRP processes:
  • Aerobic digestion The process is conducted by agitating sludge with air or oxygen to maintain aerobic conditions at residence times ranging from 60 days at 15° C. to 40 days at 20° C., with a volatile solids reduction of at least 38 percent.
  • Air Drying Liquid sludge is allowed to drain and/or dry on under-drained sand beds, or paved or unpaved basins in which the sludge is at a depth of nine inches. A minimum of three months is needed, two months of which temperatures average on a daily basis above 0° C.
  • Anaerobic digestion The process is conducted in the absence of air at residence times ranging from 60 days at 20° C. to 15 days at 35° to 55° C., with a volatile solids reduction of at least 38 percent.
  • Composting Using the within-vessel, static aerated pile or windrow composting methods, the solid waste is maintained at minimum operating conditions of 40° C. for 55 days. For four hours during this period the temperature exceeds 55° C.
  • Lime Stabilization Sufficient lime is added to produce a pH of 12 after 2 hours of contact.
  • Composting Using the within-vessel composting method, the solid waste is maintained at operating conditions of 55° C. or greater for three days. Using the static aerated pile composing method, the solid waste is maintained at operating conditions of 55° C. or greater for three days. Using the windrow composting method, the solid waste attains a temperature of 5° C. or greater for at least 15 days during the composting period. Also, during the high temperature period, there will be a minimum of five turnings of the windrow.
  • Heat drying Dewatered sludge cake is dried by direct or indirect contact with hot gases, and moisture content is reduced to 10 percent or lower. Sludge particles reach temperatures well in excess of 80° C., or the web bulb temperature of the gas stream in contact with the sludge at the point where it leaves the dryer is in excess of 80° C.
  • Heat treatment Liquid sludge is heated to temperatures or 180° C. for 30 minutes.
  • Liquid sludge is agitated with air or oxygen to maintain aerobic conditions at residence times of 10 days at 55-60° C., with a volatile solids reduction of at least 38 percent.
  • Beta ray irradiation Sludge is irradiated with beta rays from an accelerator at dosages or at least 1.0 megarad at room temperature (ca. 20° C.).
  • Gamma ray irradiation Sludge is irradiated with gamma rays from certain isotopes, such as 60 Cobalt and 137 Cesium, at dosages of at least 1.0 megarad at room temperature (ca. 20° C.).
  • Pasteurization Sludge is maintained for at least 30 minutes at a minimum temperature of 70° C.
  • sludge must be treated with a PFRP. These processes destroy pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa as well as parasites in most cases by exposing the sludge to elevated temperatures over a period of time.”
  • the present invention decontaminates sludge, killing pathogens to a level below PFRP standards but does not eliminate all nonpathogenic microorganisms from the sludge.
  • lime, cement kiln dust or lime kiln dust or mixtures thereof and/or other alkaline materials are mixed with wastewater sludge in sufficient quantity to raise the pH to 12 and above for at least two hours and the resulting mixture is actively dried by an aeration process.
  • the process produces a product wherein the pathogen viability has been reduced to a level that meets or exceeds USEPA criteria for PFRP processes without eliminating all of the beneficial non-pathogenic microorganisms.
  • FIG. 1 are curves of the percent solids of sludge versus days of treatment.
  • FIG. 2 are curves of the pH of sludge versus days of treatment.
  • FIG. 3 are curves of the log number of fecal coliform per weight of sludge versus days of treatment.
  • FIG. 4 are curves of the log number of fecal streptococci per weight of sludge versus days of treatment.
  • FIG. 5 are curves of the log number of Salmonella enteritidis typhimurium per weight of combined sludge versus days of treatment.
  • FIG. 6 are curves of the log number of Salmonella enteritidis typhimurium per weight of digested sludge versus days of treatment.
  • FIG. 7 is a bar chart of the log number of enterovirus per weight of sludge versus days of treatment.
  • FIG. 8 are curves of the number of viable Ascaris eggs per weight of combined sludge versus weeks of treatment.
  • FIG. 9 are curves of the umber of digested sludge versus weeks of treatment.
  • FIG. 10 is a bar chart of the relative sludge odor after two weeks of treatment.
  • the process of this invention comprises mechanically dewatering the sludge; chemical stabilizing of the wastewater sludge with quantities of lime, cement kiln dust or lime kiln dust or mixtures thereof sufficient to maintain a pH of 12 and above for at least two hours and preferably for days; and then actively drying the sludge by an aeration process such as a Brown Bear aerating device.
  • an aeration process such as a Brown Bear aerating device.
  • the treated sludge is aerated dried such that the sludge is at least eighty percent (80%) by weight solids and preferably ninety percent (90%) by weight solids.
  • the product is allowed to air cure for about 10 days after the desired solids content is achieved.
  • the drying and curing of the mixture may also be accomplished by a windrow method, turn-over-method, or other forced air methods.
  • the curing time or aeration time is dependent on the type of storage facility (cover covered, enclosed, or open), aeration procedure, mix design, physical and chemical properties of the admixtures, quality of the mixing facilities, percent solids of dewatering cake, and type of sludge.
  • the chemical stabilizing admixture can be added after mechanical dewatering, if desired. Lime, cement kiln dust and lime kiln dust are excellent flocculents and thus can be useful in conditioning prior to mechanical dewatering with most equipment.
  • the range of lime, cement kiln dust or lime kiln dust mixed with the sludge is about ten percent (10%) by weight to 200% by weight of the dry sludge depending on the variables listed above.
  • the addition of high reactant-heat generating materials or heating the sludge and materials may be used to reduce the total amount of admixture required and/or to reduce the drying and/or curing time required.
  • mechanical or electrical heat may be applied to dry and cure the mixture.
  • the solid waste generated by cement manufacture is primarily kiln dust.
  • This dust contains a mixture of raw kiln feed, partly calcined material, finely divided cement clinker and alkaline and alkali carbonates and sulfates (usually sulfates).
  • There is economic value in returning the dust to the kiln but when the alkali content of the returned dust is too high for the product clinker to meet specifications, the dust must be discarded. Up to about 15% of the raw materials processed may be collected as dust and of this about half may be low enough in alkalis to be returned to the kiln.
  • the rest usually stockpiled as a waste material which usually is discarded and may be a nuisance and possibly a hazard.
  • the major oxide found in a cement kiln dust are: SiO 2 , A 1 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, So 3 , Na 2 O and K 2 O.
  • the solid waste generated by lime manufacture is primarily lime stack dust.
  • This dust contains a mixture of raw kiln feed, partly calcined material, and finely divided material. There is no value in returning the dust to the kiln, as it is too fine and passes directly through to the precipitator again. Up to about 15% of the raw materials processed may be collected as dust. It is usually stockpiled as a waste material which usually is discarded and may be a nuisance and possibly a hazard.
  • the major oxides found in line stack dust are: CaO, MgO, SO 3 , CO 2 and Availabe Free Lime.
  • a combination of materials may be used to provide the most economical system such as using line, cement kiln dust or lime kiln dust or mixtures thereof to achieve chemical stabilization, and adding bulking material such as slag fines, fly ash, gypsum, fluidized bed residue, dry sulphur scrubber residue, calcium sulphate fines, and the like, to assist in dewatering.
  • Lime, cement kiln dust or lime kiln dust alone cannot achieve the desired results of reducing pathogens to PFRP levels, but when used in combination with a drying process, the decontamination can achieve PFRP levels.
  • the process will drastically reduce the odor of the sludge, even though the pH may drop below 9 during the curing period and the use of admixtures as bulking agents reduces the volume of the sludge for disposal or utilization.
  • PSRP Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens
  • PFRP Process to Further Reduce Pathogens
  • animal viruses must be less than one (1) plaque forming unit (PFU) per 100 ml of sludge; pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella) must be less than three (3) colony forming units (CFU) per 100 ml of sludge; and parasites (helmonth eggs - Ascaris) must be less than one (1) viable egg per 100 ml of sludge, wherein 100 ml of sludge is equivalent to about five (5) gms of dry solids. (As indicated in EPA Memorandum of November 6, 1985).
  • FIG. 1 comprises a curve of the percent solids of combined sludge versus days of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and with ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • FIG. 2 comprises a curve of pH of combined sludge versus days of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and with ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • FIG. 2 shows that the pH of ten percent (10%) by weight lime treated sludge did not decline appreciably during the study and that twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust treated sludge maintained a pH level of 12.4 for one (1) day before slowly declining and reading control levels in about four weeks.
  • FIG. 3 comprises a curve of the log number of fecal coliform per weight of combined sludge versus days of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • FIG. 3 shows that fecal coliforms, one of the most common types of indicator bacteria used for water quality assays, were unaffected in untreated sludge regardless of the amount of drying.
  • the sludge treated with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust showed a rapid five (5) log reduction in coliforms in one (1) day and dropped even further in one week to one (1) bacterium per five (5) gms dry weight of sludge.
  • FIG. 4 comprises a curve of the log number of fecal streptococci per weight of digested sludge versus days of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • FIG. 4 illustrates that the fecal streptococci decreased in both the lime and cement kiln dust treated samples by over two logs but did not decline any further over the course of the study.
  • the significance of this observation is that the cement kiln dust and lime did not possess an inherent toxicity sufficient to kill all microorganisms and that the killing process selected out only certain microbial populations such as Salmonella.
  • FIG. 5 comprises a curve of the log number of Salmonella enteritidis typhimurium per weight of combined sludge verses days of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust, and ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • FIG. 6 comprises a curve of the log number of Salmonella enteritidis typhimurium per weight of digested sludge verses days of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and with ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show that following an initial three to four (3-4) log decrease in one day, the Salmonella in all samples regrew to over 1000 Salmonella/5 gm dry weight sludge. Only after a combination of drying and pH exposure for over four (4) weeks did the Salmonella die off to levels associated with PFRP processes. The untreated or controlled Salmonella samples did not decrease over the eighty (80) days.
  • FIG. 7 comprises a bar chart of the log number of enterovirus per weight of combined sludge verses days of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and with ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • the enterovirus, Poliovirus type I was measured for survival by assaying for viable virus on tissue culture lawns of Vero cells.
  • the virus viability was decreased by cement kiln dust and lime treatment to levels associated with PFRP processes in one day, i.e. less than one viable virus per five (5) gm dry weight sludge as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
  • Virus levels in the untreated sludge sample decreased almost two (2) logs in one day and the entire population died in one (1) week.
  • FIG. 8 comprises a curve of the number of viable Ascaris eggs per weight of combined sludge versus weeks of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) and thirty-five percent (35%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and with ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • FIG. 9 comprises a curve of the number of viable Ascaris eggs per weight of digested sludge versus weeks of treatment, without any added materials, with twenty-five percent (25%) and thirty-five percent (35%) by weight cement kiln dust (CKD), and with ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • CKD cement kiln dust
  • FIG. 10 comprises a bar chart of the relative sludge odor after two weeks for digested and combined sludge, without any added materials, with fifteen percent (15%), twenty-five percent (25%), and thirty-five percent (35%) by weight cement kiln dust, and with five percent (5%) and ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • cement kiln dust or lime did have an effect on the odor of the sludge.
  • all cement kiln dust and lime treatments improved the odor of the sludge, only the thirty-five percent (35%) by weight cement kiln dust treated sludge reduced the odor to a level that could be considered tolerable in a closed room.
  • cement kiln dust or lime had an effect on the material handling aspect of such sludge.
  • the thirty-five percent (35%) by weight cement kiln dust treated sludge had an individual particle size averaging about two to five (2-5) mm in diameter and thus rendered the treated sludge easy to handle.
  • the lime treated and the fifteen percent (15%) and twenty-five percent (25%) by weight cement kiln dust treated samples all contained very large lumps averaging about three to eight (3-8) cm in diameter and rendered the treated sludge less easy to handle.
  • Bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella are controlled to PFRP levels by five (5) weeks when such sludges are treated with twenty-five percent (25%) and thirty-five percent (35%) by weight cement kiln dust or ten percent (10%) by weight lime.
  • Enterovirus levels were controlled to PFRP levels within one day by both cement kiln dust and lime treated sludges.
  • Each of these treatment groups (5000g sludge plus treatment) was contained in a 10 liter plastic tub. These were kept dry at 68F and were mixed twice weekly to facilitate drying. Samples were removed at 0, 1, 7, 13, 27, 46 and 80 days and processed to determine pathogen and microorganism survival. The parameters that were determined at each sampling are listed as follows:
  • the method can be optimized to achieve optimum results.
  • the method comprises advanced alkaline stabilization with subsequent accelerated drying.
  • the amount of alkaline materials added is sufficient to achieve a pH of greater than 12 and to hold the pH of greater than 12 for at least seven (7) days. Thorough mixing sufficient to achieve hydrolysis within the sludge cake is required.
  • the advanced alkaline stabilized sludge is then dried, for example, as by aeration, for at least 30 days and until a minimum solids concentration of 65% solids is reached.
  • the amount of alkaline materials is sufficient that the sludge solids will achieve at least 60% solids by weight before the pH drops below 12.0.
  • the amount of alkaline materials added is sufficient to achieve a pH of greater than 12 and to hold a pH of greater than 12 for at least 72 hours. Thorough mixing sufficient to achieve hydrolysis with the sludge cake is required. Concurrent with this high pH, the sludge is heated to a temperature of at least about 50° C., but not a temperature sufficient to cause sterilization. Sufficient heat is added so that the sludge when stored in a static condition will be maintained at a temperature of at least 50° C. for at least 12 hours. The temperature increase may be obtained using exothermic reactions from the alkaline materials or from other thermal processes. Stabilized sludge is then dried by aeration until a minimum solids concentration of 50% solids is achieved.
  • the fine alkaline materials described above When mixed or blended with sludge, the fine alkaline materials described above not only provide uniform intimate contact with sludge to maintain an unfavorable biochemical environment but also have large specific surface area which can provide sorptive odor control and accelerated drying rates.
  • the process will reduce vector attraction and reduce pathogens to below detectable limits. Specifically, the process, advanced alkaline stabilization with subsequent accelerated drying, will achieve a maximum of approximately 1 PFU (plaque forming unit) of animal viruses per 100 ml of sludge, 3 CFR (colony forming units) of pathogenic bacteria (salmonella) per 100 ml of sludge when sludge is equivalent to approximately 5 grams of dry solids per 100 ml.
  • PFU plaque forming unit
  • 3 CFR colony forming units
  • the fine CKD, LKD, lime materials are uniformly mixed into either liquid sewage sludge or dewatered sewage sludge cake. Uniform and thorough additions are achieved utilizing either mechanical or aeration mixing (wet sludges), or mechanical mixing (dewatered sludges) to produce advanced alkaline stabilized treated sludge. If the resulting sludge is in cake form, the air active drying process described below is directly initiated.
  • the resulting sludge is in liquid form, it is dewatered while pH still exceeds 12 utilizing convention thickening/filtering process technology to an intermediate solids level to produce a handlable handleable cake material (appoximately 15-50% solids).
  • the alkaline materials are added in sufficient quantity to ensure elevation of pH greater than 12 and mixing should be sufficiently thorough as to cause hydrolysis of the sludge.
  • Alternative #1 The advanced alkaline stabilized dewatered sludge cake is then air actively dried (while pH remains above 12 for at least seven days) through intermittent turning of windrows or other active drying processes at least thirty (30) days and until the solids level reach and maintain a minimum of 65% solids.
  • the amount of alkaline materials is sufficient to maintain the pH above 12 until the solids level exceeds 60%.
  • the PFRP product resulting from the process as specified and described above can be ultimately utilized through marketing/distribution channels, land application programs,or as a landfill cover material.
  • This experiment compared lab and field treatments of Monroe, Michigan, sludge with 35% CKD.
  • the field windrows were arranged 3 sets of 10 units of 7 tons each.
  • the microbiology was conducted on the middle set of windrows that received mixing with a “Brown Bear” twice a week.
  • the mean temperature was about 45° F. and the humidity showed a mean of about 65%. Drying in the field was very poor with solids reaching 54% at 28 days and 72% only after 64 days.
  • the pH of the windrows remained above 12 for over 28 days. At 64 days the pH had fallen to 10.6.
  • the odor control was very good immediately following the CKD addition.
  • the microbiology can be summarized as follows:
  • Shall meet specifications for quicklime as identified in ASTM C 911. At least 75% of the material shall pass a #100 sieve.
  • Shall meet specifications for hydrated lime as identified in ASTM C 911. At least 75% of the material shall pass a #200 sieve.
  • the material In an oxide analysis the material must contain at least a total of 35% CAo and Mgo. The loss on ignition shall not exceed 30%. Reactive alkalines and alkalis (CAo +Mgo - [LOI ⁇ 1.2]+K2o +Na2o) shall exceed 12%. Maximum allowable levels of trace elements:
  • Ni nickel (Ni) 100 mg/kg
  • At least 75% of the material shall pass the #100 sieve.
  • At least 50% of the material shall pass the #200 sieve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
US10/117,082 1987-02-27 2002-04-08 Method for treating wastewater sludge Expired - Lifetime USRE38238E1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/117,082 USRE38238E1 (en) 1987-02-27 2002-04-08 Method for treating wastewater sludge

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/019,888 US4781842A (en) 1987-02-27 1987-02-27 Method of treating wastewater sludge
US07/149,575 US4902431A (en) 1988-01-28 1988-01-28 Method for treating wastewater sludge
US10/117,082 USRE38238E1 (en) 1987-02-27 2002-04-08 Method for treating wastewater sludge

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/149,575 Reissue US4902431A (en) 1987-02-27 1988-01-28 Method for treating wastewater sludge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USRE38238E1 true USRE38238E1 (en) 2003-08-26

Family

ID=26692717

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/117,082 Expired - Lifetime USRE38238E1 (en) 1987-02-27 2002-04-08 Method for treating wastewater sludge

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) USRE38238E1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0283153B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2730727B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN1023393C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU610563B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3875362T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK169066B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2034190T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GR (1) GR3006062T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IE (1) IE62802B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
MX (1) MX165202B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO176794C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090166288A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2009-07-02 Gerd Peter Waschke Waste-activated sludge treatment methods and apparatus
US8202342B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2012-06-19 Vitag Corporation Organic containing sludge to fertilizer alkaline conversion process
US8557013B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2013-10-15 Vitag Holdings, Llc Bioorganically-augmented high value fertilizer
US8992654B2 (en) 2011-03-28 2015-03-31 Vitag Corporation High value organic-enhanced inorganic fertilizers
EP2982450A1 (en) 2014-08-07 2016-02-10 Stonex d.o.o. In-situ process for stabilization and solidification of contaminated soil into composite material - building material
US9695092B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2017-07-04 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation Process for treating sludge and manufacturing bioorganically-augmented high nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer
US9856178B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2018-01-02 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation High value organic containing fertilizers and methods of manufacture
US10723665B1 (en) 2019-02-20 2020-07-28 Premiere Fertilizer Systems, Llc Poultry litter-based fertilizer and a method for making the poultry litter-based fertilizer from poultry litter
US10870609B2 (en) 2018-08-16 2020-12-22 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation Reactive inorganic coatings for agricultural fertilizers
US11999670B2 (en) 2018-11-14 2024-06-04 Profile Products Llc Delivery of bioactive molecules in coatings or surface layers of organically enhanced inorganic fertilizers

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5013458A (en) * 1990-04-06 1991-05-07 Rdp Company Process and apparatus for pathogen reduction in waste
US5275733A (en) * 1990-11-30 1994-01-04 N-Viro Energy Systems Ltd. Process to stabilize wastewater sludge
GB2276876B (en) * 1993-03-24 1996-10-30 Energy & Waste Systems Ltd Process for treatment of sewage sludge
US5554279A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-09-10 Rdp Company Apparatus for treatment of sewage sludge
WO1996019420A1 (fr) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Mitsuyo Kimura Produit de fermentation et procede de fabrication
US5681481A (en) * 1995-05-18 1997-10-28 Rdp Company Process and apparatus for liquid sludge stabilization
DE19707036C2 (de) * 1997-02-21 2000-01-20 Bernhard Zinke Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Rohschlämmen
ES2154166B1 (es) * 1998-08-13 2001-11-16 Fernandez Juan Antonio Nunez Metodo de reduccion acelerada de la humedad de los lodos mezclandolos con cal, carbonilla, serrin o tierras.
US6387281B2 (en) 2000-03-25 2002-05-14 R3 Management Limited Processes and apparatus for treating sewage or like sludge
US6623650B2 (en) 2000-10-18 2003-09-23 R3 Management Limited Processes and apparatus for treating sewage or like sludge
US7070747B2 (en) * 2003-06-02 2006-07-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Process of eluting and recovering phosphorus from sludge
ES2259932B1 (es) 2005-04-13 2008-04-01 Lodos Secos, S.L. Procedimiento de tratamiento de lodos.
CN101891362A (zh) * 2010-07-06 2010-11-24 上海甚致环保科技有限公司 一种污泥的固化干化工艺
JP5828208B2 (ja) * 2011-02-10 2015-12-02 栗田工業株式会社 汚泥脱水方法
CN102533934B (zh) * 2012-03-02 2014-07-02 天津师范大学 垃圾堆肥中苏云金芽孢杆菌菌落的测定方法
CN103130396A (zh) * 2013-03-11 2013-06-05 绍兴伊诺环保科技有限公司 一种污泥改性方法
CN103819069B (zh) * 2013-12-24 2016-03-16 华新环境工程有限公司 一种污泥深度脱水与水泥窑综合利用方法
GB2575794B (en) * 2018-07-20 2023-04-12 Anglo Scottish Biosolids Ltd Treated sewage sludge as a fertiliser or soil improver
CN111186969B (zh) * 2018-10-29 2022-06-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 减量处理生化剩余污泥的方法和系统
CN110117148A (zh) * 2019-05-24 2019-08-13 苏州达道环保科技有限公司 一种污水厂生化污泥的低温热碱消解方法及其反应装置

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476683A (en) 1967-05-23 1969-11-04 Johan Ragnar Liljegren Methods of separating inorganic impurities from sewage and of making a soil improving composition from the impurities separated
US3915853A (en) * 1971-08-25 1975-10-28 Egon Luck Sewage treatment
US3960718A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-06-01 Lebo Willis R Method and apparatus for treating liquid sewage and waste
DE2523628A1 (de) 1975-05-28 1976-12-02 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke Verfahren zur herstellung eines kalkhaltigen duengemittels aus klaerschlamm
US4079003A (en) 1973-10-15 1978-03-14 Frank Manchak Method of transforming sludge into ecologically acceptable solid material
US4124405A (en) * 1975-08-06 1978-11-07 Pec-Engineering Societe Anonyme Process for solidifying aqueous wastes and products thereof
US4230568A (en) * 1977-10-19 1980-10-28 Stablex A.G. Treatment of hazardous waste
US4306978A (en) 1980-07-14 1981-12-22 Willow Technology, Inc. Method for lime stabilization of wastewater treatment plant sludges
US4514307A (en) * 1983-07-26 1985-04-30 Conversion Systems, Inc. Method of stabilizing organic waste
US4541986A (en) * 1977-12-23 1985-09-17 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Process for deodorizing sludge
US4554002A (en) 1983-05-16 1985-11-19 N-Viro Energy Systems Ltd. Beneficiating waste sludges for agricultural use and product made thereby
US4781842A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-11-01 N-Viro Energy Systems Ltd. Method of treating wastewater sludge

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1806732A1 (de) * 1968-11-02 1970-05-21 Klein Albert Kg Verfahren zum Sterilisieren von Klaerschlamm
GB1560467A (en) * 1973-10-15 1980-02-06 Manchak F Method of transforming sludge into ecologically acceptable solid material
JPS5191168A (en) * 1975-02-07 1976-08-10 Dojokairyozaino seizoho
DE2800915B1 (de) * 1978-01-10 1978-09-21 Bernhard Debbeler Verfahren zum Aufbereiten und Pasteurisieren von Klaerschlamm unter Beifuegen von CaO
DE2850607C2 (de) * 1978-11-22 1983-11-17 Wilhelm Roediger Gmbh + Co, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zum weiteren Entwässern und zum Hygienisieren von Abwasserschlamm
JPS5637285A (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-04-10 Hitachi Ltd Sludge treatment
JPS5640495A (en) * 1979-09-13 1981-04-16 Sankyo Yuki Kk Treatment of night soil
DE3128673C2 (de) * 1980-07-29 1986-06-19 Gustav 3030 Walsrode Richard Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bodenverbesserungsmittels aus Klärschlamm
JPS57209696A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-12-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Apparatus for fermentation for organic waste matter
JPS61114800A (ja) * 1984-11-09 1986-06-02 Koji Yamada 家畜糞尿等の腐敗性廃棄物の処理方法
JPS6297698A (ja) * 1985-10-25 1987-05-07 レナ−ト・ジ−・エリツクソン 汚泥の再構成および転化法

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476683A (en) 1967-05-23 1969-11-04 Johan Ragnar Liljegren Methods of separating inorganic impurities from sewage and of making a soil improving composition from the impurities separated
US3915853A (en) * 1971-08-25 1975-10-28 Egon Luck Sewage treatment
US4079003B1 (en) 1973-10-15 1999-10-19 Frank Manchak Method of transforming sludge into ecologically acceptable solid material
US4079003A (en) 1973-10-15 1978-03-14 Frank Manchak Method of transforming sludge into ecologically acceptable solid material
US3960718A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-06-01 Lebo Willis R Method and apparatus for treating liquid sewage and waste
DE2523628A1 (de) 1975-05-28 1976-12-02 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke Verfahren zur herstellung eines kalkhaltigen duengemittels aus klaerschlamm
US4124405A (en) * 1975-08-06 1978-11-07 Pec-Engineering Societe Anonyme Process for solidifying aqueous wastes and products thereof
US4230568A (en) * 1977-10-19 1980-10-28 Stablex A.G. Treatment of hazardous waste
US4541986A (en) * 1977-12-23 1985-09-17 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Process for deodorizing sludge
US4306978A (en) 1980-07-14 1981-12-22 Willow Technology, Inc. Method for lime stabilization of wastewater treatment plant sludges
US4554002A (en) 1983-05-16 1985-11-19 N-Viro Energy Systems Ltd. Beneficiating waste sludges for agricultural use and product made thereby
US4514307A (en) * 1983-07-26 1985-04-30 Conversion Systems, Inc. Method of stabilizing organic waste
US4781842A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-11-01 N-Viro Energy Systems Ltd. Method of treating wastewater sludge

Non-Patent Citations (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
""N-Viro's Treatment of Sludge with Kiln Dust Most Economical Method' According to Professional," Sylvania Herald, Aug. 5, 1987.
"Alkaline Treatment and Utilization of Municipal Wastewater Sludges," presented to the Water Pollution Control Dept. of the U.S. EPA by the Nat'l Kiln Dust Management Association and the Nat'l Lime Association, Mar. 25, 1987.
"Design Manual: Dewatering Municipal Wastewater Sludges," EPA 625/1-87/014, Sep. 1987.
"Developments in Dewatering," BioCycle, 28 (undated).
"Mixer Saves Sludge Costs," Utah Waterline, Sep. 12, 1984.
"Municipal Sludge Management," Proceedings of the Nat'l Conference on Municipal Sludge Management, Jun. 11-13, 1974.
"Process Design Manual for Sludge Treatment and Disposal," EPA 625/1-79-011, Sep. 1979.
"Sludge Stabilization and Conditioning at the Toledo Wastewater Treatment Plant," presented to the 6th Annual International Conference on Economic and Environmental Utilization of Kiln Dust/Fly Ash Technology, Feb. 20, 1985.
"Toledo Puts Its Sludge Out to Pasture," Chemical Week, Sep. 2, 1987.
"Use and Disposal of Municipal Wastewater Sludge," EPA 625/10-84-003, Sep. 1984.
Amended Complaint, RDP Technologies, Inc. v. N-Viro International Corp., No. 00-697-RRM (D. Del.), Oct. 13, 2000.
Answer and Counterclaims, N-Viro International Corp. v. The City of Warren, Ohio, No. 4:00CV531 (N.D. Ohio), Apr. 17, 2000.
Answer to Amended Complaint, RDP Technologies, Inc. v. N-Viro International Corp., No. 00-697-RRM (D. Del.), Jan. 5, 2001.
C. Counts and A. Shuckrow, "Lime Stabilized Sludge: Its Stability and Effect on Agricultural Land," EPA 670/2-75-012, Apr. 1975.
Camp, Dresser, and McKee, Inc., "Lime Stabilization and Ultimate Disposal of Municipal Wastewater Sludges," EPA 600/2-81-076, May 1981.
Chicago Drying Cells and St. Paul Compost, BioCycle, 38 (undated).
Complaint, N-Viro International Corp. v. The City of Warren, Ohio, No. 4:00CV531 (N.D. Ohio), Feb. 25, 2000.
Consent Judgment, RDP Technologies, Inc. v. N-Viro International Corp., No. 00-697-RRM (D. Del.), Oct. 31, 2001.
Criteria for Classification of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities and Practices, 44 Fed. Reg. 53460-53464, Sep. 13, 1979 (codified at 40 C.F.R. § 257).
D. Angelbeck et al., "A New, Innovative Sludge Stabilization/Management Process: Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) Alkaline Stabilization Compared to Anaerobic Digestion-An Economic Analysis," presented to the 16th Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Oct. 5, 1987.
E. Cram, "The Effects of Sludge Digestion, Drying and Supplemental Treatment on Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides," Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, vol. 11, No. 1, Jan. 1944.
Expert Report of Joseph B. Farrell, RDP Technologies, Inc. v. N-Viro International Corp., No. 00-697-RRM (D. Del.), Jun. 1, 2001 (pertinent references listed separately).
G. Earnshaw, "Best of Both (Composting) Worlds," Sludge, May-Jun. 1980, 15-19.
J. Burnham, "The Effect of Cement Kiln Dust and Lime on Microorganism Survival in Toledo Municipal Waste Water Sludges," Nov. 1, 1986.
J. Burnham, "The Effect of Cement Kiln Dust and Lime on Microorganism Survival in Toledo Municipal Waste Water Sludges," Nov. 26, 1986.
J. Montgomery, "Technology Evaluation of Brown Bear(TM) Tractor for Sludge Dewatering," Sep. 1984.
J. Montgomery, "Technology Evaluation of Brown Bear™ Tractor for Sludge Dewatering," Sep. 1984.
J.B. Farrell et al., "Lime Stabilization of Primary Sludges," J. Wat. Poll. Contr. Fed., No. 1, 113-122, Jan. 1974.
J.P. Brannen et al., "Inactivation of Ascaris Lumbricoides Eggs by Heat, Radiation, and Thermoradiation," Sandia National Labs. Publ. No. SAND 75-0163, Jul. 1975.
Joint Pretrial Order, RDP Technologies, Inc. v. N-Viro International Corp., No. 00-697-RRM (D. Del.), Oct. 19, 2001 (including Exhibits 1-6 and 11-14).
L. Andersson, "Lime Treatment of Sewage Sludge," Sep. 22, 1978.
L. Ruggiano, "Innovative Sludge Management: Imagination and Technology Go a Long Way to Solve a City's Sludge Problem," Water Pollution Control Association of Pennsylvania Magazine, May-Jun. 1986, 42-43.
M. Iacoboni et al., "Project Summary: Windrow and Static Pile Composting of Municipal Sewage Sludges," EPA 600/S2-84-122, Sep. 1984.
News Release by City of Toledo, Ohio Dept. of Public Utilities, Oct. 6, 1986.
News Release by Medical College of Ohio, "Thomas Edison Grant Award," Dec. 22, 1986.
Product Application Reviews for Brown Bear auger tractor, Brown Bear Corp. (undated).
R. Otoski, "Project Summary: Lime Stabilization and Ultimate Disposal of Municipal Wastewater Sludges," EPA 600/S2-81-076, Jun. 1981.
R. Ward et al., "Pathogens in Sludge: Occurrence, Inactivation, and Potential for Regrowth," Sandia National Labs. Publ. No. SAND 83-0557, Jul. 1984.
R.F. Noland et al., "Full Scale Demonstration of Lime Stabilization," EPA 600/2-78-171, Sep. 1978.
R.S. Reimers et al., "Investigation of Parasites in Sludges and Disinfection Techniques," EPA 600/1-85/022, Nov. 1985.
R.S. Reimers et al., "Parasites in Southern Sludges and Disinfection by Standard Sludge Treatment," EPA 600/2-81-166, Sep. 1981.
R.S. Reimers et al., "Persistence of Pathogens in Lagoon-Stored Sludge," EPA 600/2-89/015, Apr. 1989.
R.S. Reimers et al., "Project Summary: Investigation of Parasites in Sludges and Disinfection Techniques," EPA 600/S1-85/022, Jan. 1986.
Rebuttal Expert Report of Robert S. Reimers, PH.D., RDP Technologies, Inc. v. N-Viro International Corp., No. 00-697-RRM (D. Del.), Jul. 26, 2001 (pertinent references listed separately).
Reply to Counterclaims, N-Viro International Corp. v. The City of Warren, Ohio, No. 4:00CV531 (N.D. Ohio), May 8, 2000.
Stipulation of Dismissal, N-Viro International Corp. v. The City of Warren, Ohio, No. 4:00CV531 (N.D. Ohio), Sep. 14, 2000.
T. Kovacik, "Successful Recycling for Sludge and Solid Waste," presented to the Biocycle Southeast Conference '87, Nov. 5, 1987.
T. Marcinkowski, "Decontamination of Sewage Sludges with Quicklime," Waste Management & Research, 55-64, 1985.
W. Whittington, Memo. re "Application of 40 CFR Part 257 Regulations to Pathogen Reduction Preceding Land Application of Sewage Sludge or Septic Tank Pumpings," U.S. EPA, Nov. 6, 1985.

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8864868B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2014-10-21 Vitag Corporation Organic containing sludge to fertilizer alkaline conversion process
US8202342B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2012-06-19 Vitag Corporation Organic containing sludge to fertilizer alkaline conversion process
US8491693B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2013-07-23 Vitag Corporation Process to beneficiate heat-dried biosolid pellets
US8597394B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2013-12-03 Vitag Corporation Organic containing sludge to fertilizer alkaline conversion process
US9233882B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2016-01-12 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation Organic containing sludge to fertilizer alkaline conversion process
US9695092B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2017-07-04 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation Process for treating sludge and manufacturing bioorganically-augmented high nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer
US8101082B2 (en) * 2006-05-12 2012-01-24 Pierway Envromental Inc. Waste-activated sludge treatment methods and apparatus
US20090166288A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2009-07-02 Gerd Peter Waschke Waste-activated sludge treatment methods and apparatus
US8557013B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2013-10-15 Vitag Holdings, Llc Bioorganically-augmented high value fertilizer
US8920733B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2014-12-30 Vitag Corporation Bioorganically-augmented high value fertilizer
US9328030B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2016-05-03 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation Bioorganically-augmented high value fertilizer
US9586869B1 (en) 2009-12-30 2017-03-07 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation Bioorganically-augmented high value fertilizer
US8992654B2 (en) 2011-03-28 2015-03-31 Vitag Corporation High value organic-enhanced inorganic fertilizers
EP2982450A1 (en) 2014-08-07 2016-02-10 Stonex d.o.o. In-situ process for stabilization and solidification of contaminated soil into composite material - building material
US9856178B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2018-01-02 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation High value organic containing fertilizers and methods of manufacture
US10870609B2 (en) 2018-08-16 2020-12-22 Anuvia Plant Nutrients Corporation Reactive inorganic coatings for agricultural fertilizers
US11542213B2 (en) 2018-08-16 2023-01-03 Anuvia Plant Nutrients IP Holdings, LLC Reactive inorganic coatings for agricultural fertilizers
US11999670B2 (en) 2018-11-14 2024-06-04 Profile Products Llc Delivery of bioactive molecules in coatings or surface layers of organically enhanced inorganic fertilizers
US10723665B1 (en) 2019-02-20 2020-07-28 Premiere Fertilizer Systems, Llc Poultry litter-based fertilizer and a method for making the poultry litter-based fertilizer from poultry litter
US11667587B2 (en) 2019-02-20 2023-06-06 Premiere Fertilizer Systems, Llc Poultry litter-based fertilizer and a method for making the poultry litter-based fertilizer from poultry litter
US12358849B2 (en) 2019-02-20 2025-07-15 Premiere Fertilizer Systems, Llc Poultry litter-based fertilizer and a method for making the poultry litter-based fertilizer from poultry litter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1023393C (zh) 1994-01-05
EP0283153B1 (en) 1992-10-21
NO176794B (no) 1995-02-20
JPS63302999A (ja) 1988-12-09
DK94588A (da) 1988-08-28
NO880772L (no) 1988-08-29
AU610563B2 (en) 1991-05-23
IE880530L (en) 1988-08-27
JP2730727B2 (ja) 1998-03-25
MX165202B (es) 1992-10-30
DE3875362D1 (de) 1992-11-26
CN88101683A (zh) 1988-12-07
NO880772D0 (no) 1988-02-23
IE62802B1 (en) 1995-03-08
GR3006062T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-06-21
DK94588D0 (da) 1988-02-23
NO176794C (no) 1995-05-31
EP0283153A1 (en) 1988-09-21
AU1233588A (en) 1988-09-01
DE3875362T2 (de) 1993-03-04
ES2034190T3 (es) 1993-04-01
DK169066B1 (da) 1994-08-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4902431A (en) Method for treating wastewater sludge
USRE38238E1 (en) Method for treating wastewater sludge
US4781842A (en) Method of treating wastewater sludge
US5275733A (en) Process to stabilize wastewater sludge
US5417861A (en) Process to stabilize bioorganic, raw or treated wastewater sludge
US5853450A (en) Method for treating bioorganic and wastewater sludges
US5135664A (en) Method for treating wastewater sludge
US5853590A (en) Method for treating bioorganic and wastewater sludges
US6752848B2 (en) Method for disinfecting and stabilizing organic wastes with mineral by-products
US6752849B2 (en) Method for disinfecting and stabilizing organic wastes with mineral by-products
US20030089151A1 (en) Method for disinfecting and stabilizing organic wastes with mineral by-products
Burnham et al. Municipal Sludge Pasteurization and
Wong et al. Persistency of bacterial indicators in biosolids stabilization with coal fly ash and lime
Westphal et al. Lime stabilization: effectiveness of two process modifications
US5575928A (en) Process and product produced thereby for disinfection and agricultural reuse of organic sludges
US5972227A (en) Process for disinfecting organic waste sludge
EP3597610A1 (en) Method for treating sewage sludge
Strauch German experiences with low and high technology methods for disinfection of municipal sewage sludges
Verfürden et al. Sludge Hygienization: Helminth Eggs Destruction By Lime Treatment Ascaris Eggs As Model
Bumham et al. N-VIRO SOIL: ADVANCED ALKALINE SLUDGE STABILIZATION!
Smith Historical Review of United States (US) Guidance and Regulations For Sludge Disinfection and Stabilization including a Future Projection

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY