Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
  • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
  • B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K5/00—Feeding devices for stock or game ; Feeding wagons; Feeding stacks
  • A01K5/02—Automatic devices
  • A01K5/0208—Automatic devices with conveyor belts or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/003—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H17/36—Polyalkenyalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
  • H01B3/08—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels
  • H01B3/084—Glass or glass wool in binder
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
  • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
  • H01B3/448—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from other vinyl compounds
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
  • H05K1/02—Details
  • H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
  • H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
  • H05K1/0353—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
  • H05K1/0366—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement reinforced, e.g. by fibres, fabrics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
  • B29K2309/08—Glass
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
  • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
  • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
  • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
  • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
  • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
  • B32B2457/08—PCBs, i.e. printed circuit boards
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
  • H05K2201/02—Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
  • H05K2201/0275—Fibers and reinforcement materials
  • H05K2201/0293—Non-woven fibrous reinforcement
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
  • Y10T428/31525—Next to glass or quartz

Definitions

• This invention relates to a glass fiber web for insulating sheets and to a glass fiber web reinforced plastics insulating sheet for printed circuits, which kind of plastics insulating sheets are described in an article by Benzinger in "Tappi" 49 no. 10, page 460.
• Printed circuits sometimes referred to as printed wiring, are increasingly being used in the last few years. Generally speaking, they are made of synthetic resin materials coated with metal (usually copper) by removing a part of the metal coating. The remaining metal then constitutes the printed wiring or circuit. Of the various processes required for realizing such a printed circuit, the various possibilities of processing the metal coating have hitherto received by far the most attention. Relatively little literature, however, has so far been devoted to the plastics carrier.
• the carrier is of the greatest interest for the ultimate quality and reliability of the whole. Consequently, the carrier must also satisfy strict requirements. In the first place, its dielectrical characteristics must be high, that is to say, the carrier should for example have as low an electrical conductance as possible; second the carrier should have a very good dimensional stability, and third its stiffness should have as high values as possible.
• the reinforcing material used is generally paper, while for certain uses woven glass fabrics have been used. Paper reinforced plastics, however, generally do not reach the desirable stiffness and stability values at elevated temperatures, while woven glass fabrics are not only extremely expensive, but cause difficulties in the subsequent application to them (impregnation) of the actual plastics and the further processing.
• non-woven glass fiber webs can be made analogously to paper by the wet process on paper-making machines. They have the advantage over paper of having a better insulating capacity and a higher dimensional stability at elevated temperatures. The non-woven webs have the advantage over woven glass fabrics of being considerably cheaper and being more readily impgregnated with plastics.
• the glass fiber web material is preferably impregnated with an epoxy resin, and the whole is heated under pressure thereby being hardened to a stiff material. The combination of non-woven glass fiber web and epoxy resin has quite reasonably satisfied the standard requirements as regards FR-3 laminates, but failed to meet them as regards G-10 laminates.
• a binder In the manufacture of glass fiber webs by the wet process (and indeed also by the dry process), a binder must be used, because otherwise there is insufficient coherence in the web, which would cause it to fall apart when processed with the epoxy or other resins.
• the binders commonly used are various kinds of latices of butadiene copolymers, polyester resins, melamine or phenol formaldehyde condensates, polyvinyl acetate, and the like. It is striking that Benzinger does not refer to the use of such a binder at all.
• polyvinyl alcohol is not renowned for being a material having good dielectrical characteristics.
• the specifications given clearly differ from those of commercial polyvinyl alcohols most commonly used. For the latter have a degree of saponification of 88-90% and a viscosity of 4-5 cP.
• the starting product is a commercial product in the form of glass fibers made of E glass having a thickness of 5-15 ⁇ and a length of 5-30 mm, coated with preferably 0.5-1.0% of a silane coating.
• These fibers are dispersed in water with the binder to form a 0.005-0.05% suspension, and processed in this form on a fiber web machine to a non-woven fiber web by dewatering.
• Machines suitable for this purpose have long since been known. Papermaking machines and rotiformers, for example, are very suitable for this purpose.
• the binder which is preferably used in a proportion of 5-25% calculated on the glass fibers, is, as stated before, constituted by a polyvinyl alcohol.
• a polyvinyl alcohol is suitable.
• Essential requirements are that the degree of hydrolization should be 98-100%, and the viscosity, measured as a 4% solution in water at 20° C., should be between 20 and 100 cP.
• the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol used should in the dry form preferably range from 50-180 ⁇ , and the degree of swelling at 20° should preferably be between 3 and 8.
• the degree of swelling is understood the number of times the dry weight of the polyvinyl alcohol granules which they are capable of retaining after being suspended in a 20-fold excess of water, followed by suction drying 15 minutes later.
• the binder-containing glass fiber webs When leaving the actual fiber web making machine, i.e. after the dewatering, the binder-containing glass fiber webs mostly have a dry content of 10-50%.
• This wet material is subsequently heated at preferably 85°-100° C.
• the polyvinyl alcohol granules are dissolved in their own swelling water, and preferably deposit on the fiber crossings.
• it is recommendable during the heat treatment to keep the evaporation of water within tolerable limits. Most suitable, therefore, is heating by infra-red radiators, although other heating devices may be used. Subsequently the temperature is further increased and the water is evaporated, for example, by means of hot air.
• the resulting glass fiber web can subsequently be processed to form an insulating sheet or carrier sheet for a printed circuit in a known manner by impregnating the web with a solution of a thermosetting synthetic plastics material in a solvent.
• Suitable thermosetting plastics are phenolformaldehyde, polyester silicone and hydrocarbon resins, but we preferably use epoxy resins.
• the selection of the solvent depends on the resin applied. When epoxy resins are used, acetone is preferred.
• the conventional hardening agents and accelerators may be added to the synthetic resin solution. The absorption of resin by the glass fiber web can be very accurately controlled.
• the resulting insulating sheets are extremely suitable for being provided with a metal foil by a conventional technique, thereby to produce printed wiring or circuitry.
• the sheets comply extremely well with all the usual requirements, especially as regards stiffness, dimensional stability, and dielectrical characteristics.
• An additional advantage over sheets incorporating glass fabrics as the reinforcing material is that they are more suitable for punching and drilling operations.
• Example I was repeated, the only difference being the use of a polyvinyl alcohol powder having a degree of hydrolization of 95%.
• the values for the particle size, the degree of swelling and viscosity were no different from those of Example I.
• the values measured with the web were:
• Example I was repeated, the only difference being the use of a polyvinyl alcohol powder having a viscosity of 5 cP.
• the values measured with the web were:
• Example I was repeated, the only difference being the use of a polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity of 125 cP.
• the values measured with the web were:
• Example I was repeated, the only difference being that the same polyvinyl alcohol as used not in the form of a powder or suspension, but in the form of a 5% solution in water.
• the values measured with the web were:
• Examples II-V show that different viscosities and degrees of hydrolization are productive of an insufficiently strong material, and that the use of a dissolved polyvinyl alcohol causes an undue rise in conductivity. Moreover, when reduced to practice on a technical scale, the procedures of Examples II-IV cause difficulties owing to foaming, which gravely jeopardizes the homogeniety of the web. For that matter, the use of a polyvinyl alcohol with different values for the particle size and degree of swelling can also result in some foaming, while the binder is less properly and homogeneously distributed over the web.
• Example I was repeated, the difference being using instead of the polyvinyl powder a 5% dispersion of a polyvinyl acetate copolymer. Of this, about 13 g was applied to 100 g glass fibers. The values measured with the web were:
• a web made in accordance with Example I was impregnated with an acetone solution of an epoxy resin, a diamine as a hardening agent and BF 3 as an accelerator. This web absorbed 5 times its own weight of impregnating liquid. The web was dried for 10 minutes with air of 150°-160° C. There was thus produced a non-sticking epoxy resin impregnated glass fiber web.
• the resulting laminate was 1.5 mm thick.
• the bending stiffness of this laminate (DIN 7735) was 3000 kg/cm 2 . This is only a fraction less than in the case of a G-10 laminate (3500 kg/cm 2 ).
• the electrical characteristics of the laminate fully satisfy the DIN standard for a G-10 laminate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Mathematical Physics (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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Citations (7)

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• 1970
  • 1970-11-11 NL NL707016489A patent/NL143717B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1971
  • 1971-11-08 BE BE775062A patent/BE775062A/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1971-11-09 SE SE7114332A patent/SE390228B/xx unknown
  • 1971-11-09 FI FI713206A patent/FI52706C/fi active
  • 1971-11-09 SU SU1716545A patent/SU451258A3/ru active
  • 1971-11-09 JP JP8938271A patent/JPS5532819B1/ja active Pending
  • 1971-11-10 DK DK550771A patent/DK133120C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1971-11-10 FR FR7140344A patent/FR2113905B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1971-11-10 DE DE2155764A patent/DE2155764C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1971-11-10 DE DE2166448A patent/DE2166448C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1971-11-10 CA CA127,347A patent/CA943265A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-11-10 NO NO4152/71A patent/NO130869C/no unknown
  • 1971-11-11 IT IT30962/71A patent/IT939184B/it active
  • 1971-11-11 DD DD158873A patent/DD94897A5/xx unknown
  • 1971-11-11 DD DD165752A patent/DD106595A5/xx unknown
  • 1971-11-11 DD DD165759A patent/DD104868A5/xx unknown
• 1972
  • 1972-02-04 GB GB542372A patent/GB1364755A/en not_active Expired
• 1975
  • 1975-02-26 SE SE7502184A patent/SE417071B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1978
  • 1978-12-14 US US05/969,363 patent/USRE31124E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1980
  • 1980-02-29 JP JP2607680A patent/JPS55133590A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (7)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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