USRE15988E - Retaining wall - Google Patents

Description

Original Filed March 18, 1921 9 J M/ 9/ a P I 6 was, r

Reissuied Jan.27, 1925. S Re. 15,988

UNITED STATES PATENT TAGGAR'I ASTON, OF PORTLAND, OREGON.

RETAINING WALL, BULKHEAD, WHARF WALL, AND THE LIKE.

Original No. 1,392,616, dated October 4, 1921, Serial No. 453,331, filed March 18, 1921. Application for reissue filed October 2, 1923. Serial No. 666,199.

To all whom it may concern: back wall, in which the weight of the super- Be it known that I, TAGGART AsroN, a imposed fill adds to the stability of the citizen of the United States, and a resident structure. In short, my invention tends to of Portland, county of Multnomah and overcome the usual'disadvantages and un- State of Oregon, have invented a new and certainties of the smooth or plane sloped 60 useful Improvement in Retaining \Valls, wall, by stepping said wall into horizontal Bulkheads, Wharf Walls, and the like, of and vertical sections, so as to consider only which the following is a specification. the direct horizontal and verticalpressures The object of my invention is to provide of the fill, and disregard the friction bea type of bulb-head or retaining wall in tween the fill and the surface of the wall. 6 which maximum economy is attained by The amount ofthis friction is always more limiting the amounts of both back-filling or less unknown, and may be so small that material and structural material involved superimposed fill will exert considerable in the wall itself to such proportions or Wedging action against a smooth walL quantities as will suflice for the stability of Such wedging action I eliminate by the the structure with due allowance for the stepped-down construction of my wall above unit working stresses and foundation presmentioned. a sures or pile loads. 7 Furthermore by combining with the said To attain the above object, I provide a stepped wall a support consisting of pile 20 special type of bulk-head or retaining wall and light frame bents, in which only a in which the weight of every cubic foot of nominal amount of capping and cross-bracback-filling material superimposed on the ing is required to render the substructure structure is utilized to the utmost advansufliciently rigid and stable for resisting tage, in efliciently stabilizing the structure lateral forces-particularly the outward against the horizontalpressure exerted by force due to the horizontal thrust of the the embankment or fill; and, at the same embankment, I provide a retaining wall not time providing a structure wherein only only structurally safe, but also one more that amount of back-filling material is economical than other skeleton or open superimposed as is necessary to provide the types. 30 mass, or weight, required to render the The spacing of the bents and size of piles 5 structure statically stable under the exterand cross members are entirely matters of nal forces considered. structural design and will of course vary I further attain my object by roviding with the total height of the wall and the a type of structure which in itsel contains character of the embankment material. 5 no more structural material than is necessary It is further my object to provide a strucno t t i th fi11, a d tra smit the vertical ture that will permit the use of concrete as and horizontal pressures of the sa e to the the construction material to compete more fo ndatio without overstressing any orclosely as to cost with structures built tion of the structure. By my invention the Wholly or partly of timber. 4o necessary Weight or mass is practically all It is further my object to provide a provided by the superimposed fill, which is structure that will consist of a series of ordinarily much cheaper in cost than the small stepped down vertical retaining walls structural material. and horizontal relieving platformsv in which My i vention als r vid o y by the small retaining walls also serve as-gird 45 minimizing the'foundation pressure, espeers or abutments to support the relieving 10H cially that directly under the toe of the platforms next superimposed; and also, by structure, where foundation pressure, under reason of being stepped down in series, to I the usual types of retaining walls, dams, or afford a total combined cross sectional area, bulk-heads, is frequently excessive, and and cost materially less than if only one 50 requires the footings to be extended, and high retaining wall and one relieving platthe structure as a whole given uneconomical form had been provided to contain the proportions in order that the safe unit superimposed filling. foundation pressure be not exceeded. It is further my object to provide a struc- My invention furthermore incorporates ture that will consist of a series of stepped 55 the advantages of an inclined apron or down retaining walls and relieving platformsof-reinforced concrete thattcan be castor molded inconvenient lengths or units prior to being placed on the substructure of pile or frame bents, .which latter, could also be pre-cast for that portion above low water and superimposed and cast or molded to join with the piles after the latter-had been placed in position."

I attain these objects -With the'structure:

illustrated in the accompanying drawings, llIWlllGlP- Fig. 1 'isa vertical cross section of arpreferred form of my invention appliediin". the construction of i a wharf;

F igs; 2 and 3 are verti 'cal cross-sections of optional constructions of the horizontal sections or relieving platforms Fig-.A is a sectional "view-of Fig: 3'taken on the-line A'A-, and I Fig. 5 is a longitudinal, vertical sectlon ofanother optional form of 'the relieving platforms.

1, 1, 1 "and"1 are the vertical members of the sectional StGPp8d-(lO-"H bulkhead:

2, 2 2"; and 2are the relieving platfonms of said bulkhead.-

3, 3, 3 and 3 are counterfortsstrength ening members 1; 1", 1,- and -1 4 andit are-upwardly projecting longrtudinal ribs alongthe outer edge of platforms'2and 2 'in- Figs. 1 and Q.

5, 5 are piles driven-into the ground, and adapted to support'the bulkhead, said piles are shown as being'made' of conciete. These piles. referably extend about three feet above 0w water.

6, is a moundor bulkheadiof-rubble beneath saidwharf and-around the-feet of piles ,5, the ridge of which rises to near low water :mark;

7, Tare longitudinal ribs-on'thebottom of relieving platforms 2, in Fig; -1 projecting downwardly to engage with notchesin bents'8;

8, 8 are the bentsof the structure mounted on the piles" 5, and are shown as integral therewith.

9, 9 are longitudinal struts connecting and bracing bents 8.' All the members ofsaid structure are preferably .made'of reinforced concrete;

10 is sheeting fastened tothe innerrow of piles and bearing ,on-therubble'bulkhcad and on the lowest relieving platform 2.

11, 11 are transverse ribs onthe lower side of relieving platforms 2% shown lll F 2.

. 12 is a Wharf floor, or fill superimposed behind the bulkhead;

13, 13 are longitudinal strengthening ribs on the lower side s'of relieving. platforms-2", shown in'F-igs. 3 and 4.

14 is a transverse strengthening rib on'the lower side of relieving'platform 2 shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

15 indicates Water in frontof the bulkhead in the wharf structure and lfitis the ground, as naturally formed;

The stepped-down bulkhead is preferably molded in L-shaped units consisting of a vertical member and a horizontal member.

These units are mounted in place,'engaged with the bents 8 and bear on each other, the steps being; arranged to'progress down wardlytowards-the rear edge or heel of the structure. which are in contactare pieferably cemented togetl'ier: witlr cement gro'utingr Whencthe several steps are thus mounted andtcemente'd together, ab ulkhead is hadavhich. .notionb is well able -to resist forces acting: against the front ofthe wall, but: also :is. well. able to bear the weight of the'e-lement115"retained behind the wall, together withs the load that mayfr'om time to time be placed on thetop-oftheelement retained o-non the floor surface 12. As isreadily understood, it is not necessary that the-steps be premast'. The structures: as: shown: are preferably connected into a-single unit forming a lighi: and inexpensive structure, whichfiswvelll adapted to resist any forces acting. against its front, as well as thoseresultingsfrom the weight of the element retained?behind: the bulkheads and any load supportedrithereby.

The pressure resulting from+the weight of any given quantitycfthe-element: re tained by the steppeddown: bulkhead: is supported bythe :relie ving pla'tformdilteetly underneath. That is, I have arranged these relieving'platforms in steps which support the column of retainedelement: dinectl Y aboveit and these steps are arranged horrzontallytopresent a surface normal to'cthe load? These steps areconnected-byvertical memberswhich are integral with the lower step and connected the-reto at theirbottom edges.

Any tendency; of the retained element: to move horizontally 1 against the bulkhead is cheekedby-any or all of these vertical-sections; This --'horizontal force against these vertical members tends to overturn" each unit about the corner formed by the juncture of the horizontal and vertical portions and this tendency to overturnis-coum teracted by the 'force exerted by the Weight of" the elementretain'ed' on' each relieving platform. The force exerted by the weight of the'-ele1nent retained is usually greater than the tendency of the retained element to shift laterally but to provide. annangin of'sa-fety, I preferably mak'e the-reli'evin platform slightly wider thannthe vertica member. By theabove method of construction of the stepped apron or bullheadfwallg the latter though castnin sections, acts in its entiretytas auni't. i

If the: retained element; is earth cor: sand or other similar'shifting solid 'material'; as di'iferentiated wi-th water, I- pmvide the The surfaces of the steps longitudinal rib 4 on the outer edge of the relieving platform which extends upwardly for the relieving platform which requires the actual displacement of the entire column of fill before the horizontal force attains the ascendency.

The counterforts 3 are provided to connect and strengthen the relieving platforms relatively with their vertical members so as to prevent a fracture at their jointure caused by the tendency of the retained element to shift laterally.

I claim:

1. A structure of the character described comprising an open substructure consisting of piles driven into the ground, and framebents mounted on said piles, and a bulkhead wall comprising a plurality of steps extending down rearwardly and supported by said frame bents, the substructure adapted to support the steps of said wall against horizontal and vertical eluding cross bracing and longitudinal bracing, the steps of said wall arranged to locate the centre of mass of the filling material over the rear portion of the wall.

2-. A structure of the character described comprising an open substructure consisting of piles driven into the ground, and framebents mounted on said piles, and a bulkhead wall composed ofa plurality of precast sections arranged in steps extending downward and rearward, the substructure adapted to support the steps of said wall against horizontal and vertical pressures and including cross bracing and longitudinal bracing, the steps of said wall being adapted to locate the centre of mass of the filling material over the rear portion of the wall.

3. A structure of the character described comprising an open substructure consisting of piles driven into the ground, and framebents mounted on said piles, and a bulkhead wall composed of a plurality of sections each composed of horizontal and vertical integral members, said sections arranged in steps extending downward and therefrom and thus forms a cupped surface pressures and in rearward with the outer edge of the horizontal member of one section supported on the vertical member of an adjacent section, the substructure arranged to conform with and support the horizontal and vertical members of said steps bracing and longitudinal bracing, the steps of said wall being adapted to locate the centre of mass of the filling material over the rear portion of the wall.

a. A structure of the character described comprising an open substructure consisting of piles driven into the ground, and framebents mounted on said piles, and a bulkhead wall composed of a plurality of sections each composed of horizontal and vertical integral members, said sections arranged in steps extending downward and rearward with the outer edge of the horizontal member of one section supported on the vertical member of an adjacent section, upstanding ribs provided on the outer edges of said horizontal members, the substructure arranged to conform with and support the horizontal and vertical members of said steps and including cross bracing and longitudinal bracing, the steps of said wall being adapted to locate the centre of mass of the filling material over the rear portion of the wall.

5. A structure of the character described comprising an open substructure consisting of piles driven into the ground and framebents mounted on said piles, and a bulkhead wall composed of a pluralitv of recast sections each composed of horizontal and vertical integral members, said sections arranged in steps extending downward and rearward with the outer edge of the horizontal member of one section supported on the vertical member of an adjacent section, the. substructure arranged to conform with and support the horizontal and vertical members of said steps, and including cross-bracing bracing, the steps of said wall being adapt-- ed to locate the centre ofmass of the filling material over the rear portion of the Wall.

TAGGART ASTON.

and including cross and longitudinal

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