US9416507B2 - Impact absorbing pole - Google Patents

Impact absorbing pole Download PDF

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Publication number
US9416507B2
US9416507B2 US12/587,930 US58793009A US9416507B2 US 9416507 B2 US9416507 B2 US 9416507B2 US 58793009 A US58793009 A US 58793009A US 9416507 B2 US9416507 B2 US 9416507B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
pole
vehicle
ground
impact
section
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Expired - Fee Related
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US12/587,930
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English (en)
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US20100107521A1 (en
Inventor
Darren J. Hotchkin
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Saferoads Pty Ltd
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Saferoads Pty Ltd
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Assigned to SAFEROADS PTY LTD reassignment SAFEROADS PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HOTCHKIN, DARREN J.
Publication of US20100107521A1 publication Critical patent/US20100107521A1/en
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Publication of US9416507B2 publication Critical patent/US9416507B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/623—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection
    • E01F9/631—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection specially adapted for breaking, disengaging, collapsing or permanently deforming when deflected or displaced, e.g. by vehicle impact
    • E01F9/635—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection specially adapted for breaking, disengaging, collapsing or permanently deforming when deflected or displaced, e.g. by vehicle impact by shearing or tearing, e.g. having weakened zones
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
    • E01F15/04—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of longitudinal beams or rigid strips supported above ground at spaced points
    • E01F15/0461—Supports, e.g. posts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
    • E01F13/02—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions free-standing; portable, e.g. for guarding open manholes ; Portable signs or signals specially adapted for fitting to portable barriers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates particularly, although by no means exclusively, to impact absorbing poles of a type that are made from steel sheet that is bent or otherwise formed into a tubular structure and are at least 6 m long and designed to selectively deform, i.e. flatten, on initial impact with a vehicle and then progressively extrude as the vehicle moves forward after initial impact and ultimately bend (in effect, collapse), preferably in a controlled way, rearwardly over the roof of the vehicle. In effect, the rearwardly bent pole confines the vehicle.
  • impact absorbing pole is herein understood to describe a category of poles that are constructed to at least partially absorb the impact of a vehicle with a pole of this type and to at least partially confine the vehicle when the vehicle contacts the pole. This is a different category of poles to standard non-impact poles which are only designed to absorb impact.
  • the present invention is concerned particularly, although by no means exclusively, with street lighting poles that include outwardly extending arms that mount street lights.
  • Forming the pole as a one piece unit that has above ground and below ground sections that can deform on impact of a vehicle means that it is not necessary to form the pole from two sections with connecting flanges on each section that form a heavy base plate that interconnects the sections.
  • This is the structure of currently used impact absorbing poles, with one section forming a below ground base section and the other section forming an above ground pole section.
  • the connecting flanges are bolted together when the pole is used for low speed applications and the connecting flanges are held together via a slip connection for high speed applications.
  • the currently used two-piece pole is designed to absorb impact and confine vehicle movement—it is used particularly in pedestrian areas where it is important that the pole collapse in a controlled way back on to the vehicle rather than onto pedestrians.
  • the rationale behind the use of a two-piece unit is that the base section of the pole will not be damaged by impact of a vehicle and it is a straightforward matter to replace a damaged pole section with a new pole section and continue to use the original base
  • the above-described pole of the present invention performs better in vehicle impact tests at low speeds (typically 60 km/hr or less) than the above-described currently used two-piece pole.
  • the vehicle impact tests were carried out in accordance with specifications set down in VIC Roads TCS 014-3-2001 and AS/NZS 1158.1.3:1997. The tests showed that the occupants would survive the impact of a vehicle travelling at 60 kph with a pole in accordance with the present invention.
  • the above-described pole of the present invention performs better in vehicle impact tests at high speeds (typically greater than 60 km/hr and up to 110 km/hr) in accordance with the above standards than the above-described currently used two-piece pole with separate above and below ground sections and a slip base connection that enables the above-ground section to disengage from the below-ground section on impact of a vehicle with the pole.
  • high speeds typically greater than 60 km/hr and up to 110 km/hr
  • this known pole partially absorbs impact of a vehicle but does not completely confine the vehicle.
  • the pole of the present invention was able to absorb higher amounts of energy in a controlled way.
  • the pole of the present invention is formed so that impact of a vehicle with the pole deforms, i.e. flattens, an area of the pole that is directly contacted by the vehicle initially and then extrudes other sections of the pole above and below this area of the pole as the vehicle moves forward after initial impact with the pole and ultimately bends (in effect, collapses) the pole rearwardly over the roof of the vehicle.
  • the deformation and the subsequent extrusion absorb the impact energy.
  • the bending of the pole over the roof of the vehicle confines the vehicle.
  • the pole may be formed from sufficiently low tensile strength steel that can deform and extrude readily above and below ground level when contacted by the vehicle.
  • poles made from steel having a tensile strength of 235 MPa which is considerably lower than the 250 MPa and 350 MPa steels for the currently used two-piece pole in Australia, performed considerably better than the higher tensile strength poles.
  • the pole of the present invention is made from steel in sheet form that is folded into a required cross-sectional shape and welded at abutting side edges.
  • the pole may be formed with an area of weakness that extends above and preferably below ground when the pole is installed in the ground and can deform and extrude readily above and below ground level when contacted by the vehicle.
  • the area of weakness of the pole of the present invention is formed by cutting or otherwise providing shear slots in the pole.
  • the shear slots may extend at least partially along the length of the base section and at least partially along the length of the pole section so that the slots are located at least at ground level and preferably below ground when the pole is positioned in the ground.
  • the shear slots are positioned so that the pole deforms, i.e. flattens, in the area that is directly contacted by the vehicle and then extrudes the pole above and below this contact area as the vehicle moves forward after initial impact and then bends back (in effect, collapses) in a controlled way over the roof of a vehicle.
  • the mode of failure is via deforming, i.e. crushing or flattening, of the pole initially at the area of impact and then above and below the impact area, which absorbs the energy of impact and results in the pole extruding above and below the area of impact and then ultimately bending rearwardly over the vehicle roof in a controlled way compared to the currently used two piece pole.
  • the forward movement of a vehicle after initial impact of the vehicle with the currently used two piece pole progressively deforms, i.e. extrudes, the pole along the length of the pole from the point of impact towards the top of the pole.
  • the pole is also free to deform, i.e. extrude, downwardly and below ground. This additional energy absorption is beneficial in stopping the vehicle with less force than is the case with currently used two-piece poles.
  • the shear slots are 1 to 10 cm long and up to 2 mm wide and are in lines of slots and are spaced apart by up to 1 cm in the lines, with the lines being spaced around the circumference of the pole.
  • the shear slots extend at least 3.5 m, preferably at least 3.9 m, along the length of the pole.
  • the shear slots are at least predominantly in the base section of the pole that is below ground when the pole is positioned in the ground.
  • the pole has a diameter of at least 280 mm, and more preferably at least 300 mm, at a widest diameter section of the pole, which is typically the base section of the pole.
  • the pole is a tapered pole whereby the transverse cross-sectional area of the pole decreases away from a base end of the pole.
  • the pole may be any suitable transverse cross-section form circular to polygonal.
  • An octagonal transverse cross-section is one suitable cross-section.
  • an impact absorbing pole that is positioned in the ground, the pole being a one-piece unit that includes an outer wall and a hollow interior and has a base section that extends into and locates the pole in the ground and a pole section that extends upwardly from the ground and is formed so that, in use, the pole can deform above and below ground level when the pole is contacted by a vehicle.
  • the pole is formed so that impact of a vehicle with the pole initially deforms, i.e. flattens, the pole at an area of impact with the vehicle and then extrudes the pole above and below ground level as the vehicle moves forward after initial impact with the pole and then bends (in effect, collapses) the pole rearwardly over the roof of the vehicle in a controlled way.
  • the pole may be formed from sufficiently low tensile strength steel that can deform and extrude readily when contacted by the vehicle.
  • the pole is made from steel in sheet form that is folded into a required cross-sectional shape and welded at the abutting side edges.
  • the pole may be formed with an area of weakness that extends above and preferably below ground so that the pole can deform and extrude readily when contacted by the vehicle.
  • the area of weakness of the pole is formed by cutting or otherwise providing shear slots in the pole.
  • shear slots extend at least partially along the length of the below ground base section and at least partially along the length of the above ground pole section.
  • the pole has a diameter of at least 280 mm, and more preferably at least 300 mm, at a widest diameter section of the pole, typically a base end of the pole.
  • the pole is a tapered pole whereby the transverse cross-sectional area of the pole decreases away from the base end of the pole.
  • the pole may be any suitable transverse cross-section form circular to polygonal.
  • An octagonal transverse cross-section is one suitable cross-section.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of an impact absorbing pole in accordance with the present invention positioned in the ground;
  • FIG. 2 is an end view of the base end of the pole shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the section of the pole identified by the numeral 3 in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of deceleration versus time for a vehicle impact test on a pole of the type shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of velocity and pole displacement versus time for the vehicle impact test.
  • the impact absorbing pole generally identified by the numeral 5 shown in the Figures is adapted to be used as a street lighting pole that includes an outwardly extending arm (not shown) that mounts a street light and is designed for use in streets that have side walks with pedestrian traffic. It is noted that the present invention is not confined to poles used in this application.
  • the pole 5 is formed as a one-piece unit from steel and has an outer wall 7 ( FIG. 2 ) and a hollow interior 9 ( FIG. 2 ).
  • the pole 5 is octagonal in transverse section and tapers from a base end 23 to a top end 25 .
  • the pole 5 is 12 m long.
  • the pole 5 has a base section 11 that locates the pole below ground and a pole section 13 that extends upwardly above ground.
  • the interface between these sections of the pole is identified by the numeral 15 in FIGS. 1 and 3 . In these Figures, the pole 5 is positioned in the ground 17 with the interface at ground level.
  • the pole 5 is formed so that, in use, the pole can deform above and below ground level when the pole is installed in the ground as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 .
  • the pole 5 is formed with a series of lines of weakness in the form of a series of lines of shear slots 19 that extend at least partially along the length of the base section 11 and at least partially along the length of the pole section 13 so that the slots are located above and below ground level when the pole 5 is positioned in the ground 17 .
  • the slots 19 are 100 mm long and 2 mm wide, the slots 19 in each line are spaced apart by 110 mm, and the lines of slots 19 are spaced around the circumference of the pole 5 , with several lines of slots extending along the base section 11 and 3970 mm along the pole section 13 and at least one line of slots extending along the base section 11 and 1295 mm along the pole section 13 .
  • the pole 5 is formed by cutting the slots in a 3 mm flat sheet of steel having a tensile strength of 235 MPa and then bending the sheet around the lengthwise extending axis of the sheet to form the required octagonal transverse cross-section member and welding the two side edges of the sheet to form the pole 5 .
  • the use of the above-described steel is a departure from the requirement to use higher tensile steel in the currently used two-piece poles and contributes to the deformability of the pole on impact by a vehicle.
  • a pole 5 of the type shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was tested in a vehicle impact test in accordance with VIC Roads TCS 014-3-2001 and AS/NZS 1158.1.3:1997.
  • the pole was positioned as shown in FIG. 1 in a 600 mm diameter hole and the hole was back-filled with stabilised sand.
  • a pole must restrain an impacting vehicle and collapse on the vehicle roof in order to minimise risk of injuring other members of the road traffic—see FIG. B2 in AS/NZS 1158.1.3:1007.
  • the pole initially impacted the vehicle roof and then bounced off the roof onto the ground.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 present the results of the test.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the rate of deceleration of the vehicle increased until 0.16 s after impact and then steadily decreased thereafter.
  • FIG. 4 is mirrored by the velocity graph of FIG. 5 .
  • This graph shows that the vehicle velocity decreased steadily through the time period of 0.21 s after impact.
  • the total plastic deformation (permanent deformation of the pole was 1550 mm and the vehicle front end was 320 mm) was 1870 mm total.
  • the impact speed of the vehicle was 17.4 mps or 62.6 kph and the maximum deceleration was 16.56 “g”.
  • the average deceleration was 4.06 “g”. The deceleration is considered to be survivable for a vehicle occupant.
  • the pole 5 in FIGS. 1 to 3 the present invention is not so limited and the pole may be any suitable dimensions.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
US12/587,930 2008-10-15 2009-10-14 Impact absorbing pole Expired - Fee Related US9416507B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2008229948 2008-10-15
AU2008229948A AU2008229948B2 (en) 2008-10-15 2008-10-15 An Impact Absorbing Pole

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100107521A1 US20100107521A1 (en) 2010-05-06
US9416507B2 true US9416507B2 (en) 2016-08-16

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US12/587,930 Expired - Fee Related US9416507B2 (en) 2008-10-15 2009-10-14 Impact absorbing pole

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US (1) US9416507B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2177665A3 (fr)
AU (2) AU2008229948B2 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ580494A (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE535989C2 (sv) * 2011-03-23 2013-03-19 Northcone Ab Eftergivlig stolpe och sätt att arrangera vägbelysning
CA2747167C (fr) * 2011-07-22 2018-07-24 Hitek Urethane Global Ltd. Piedestal electrique
EP3143210B1 (fr) 2014-03-14 2018-07-04 Safety Product Poteau de rue
SE538222C2 (sv) * 2014-06-12 2016-04-05 Northcone Ab Stolparrangemang
EP3390725A1 (fr) * 2015-12-18 2018-10-24 Industrial Galvanizers Corporation PTY, Ltd. Support
CN115263064A (zh) * 2022-08-11 2022-11-01 维蒙特工业(中国)有限公司 一种撞击吸能杆体

Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1821850A (en) * 1929-02-11 1931-09-01 Union Metal Mfg Co Tapered tubular pole
US3217459A (en) * 1962-09-17 1965-11-16 Roy E Meyer Tower structure
DE1811147A1 (de) 1968-11-27 1970-06-18 Wilhelm Saalmann Sicherheitsmarkierungspfahl
US3628296A (en) * 1969-09-02 1971-12-21 Unistrut Corp Breakaway sign support
EP0001964A1 (fr) 1977-11-09 1979-05-16 Lars Svensson Poteau prét à être déformé plastiquement sous l'effet du choc d'un vehicule
WO1984004117A1 (fr) 1983-04-08 1984-10-25 Lars Svensson Poteau pour feux de signalisation, eclairage et autres
AU546648B2 (en) 1980-11-20 1985-09-12 Industrial Galvanizers Corporation Pty Ltd Lighting pole
US4747725A (en) * 1983-12-13 1988-05-31 Gebelius Sven Runo Vilhelm Device for pole-shaped elements
US5090348A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-02-25 Hugron Denis P Traffic signalling post
US5267523A (en) * 1992-10-02 1993-12-07 Hugron Denis P Resilient signalling post
GB2268774A (en) * 1992-07-17 1994-01-19 Dowling Mackenzie R Energy absorbing pole
US5860253A (en) * 1997-04-08 1999-01-19 Lapointe; Jean Collapsible post structure
US6264162B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2001-07-24 Theodore D. Barnes Breakaway sign post
US6516573B1 (en) * 1999-01-06 2003-02-11 Tyco Flow Services Ag Integrated breakaway for support posts
FR2842851B1 (fr) * 2002-07-23 2004-12-17 Petitjean Sa Mat de candelabre a absorption d'energie
WO2005064084A1 (fr) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-14 Örsta-Gruppen As Poteau routier
US20050196235A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 Carsonite International Roadway delineator
US20080131201A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Sylvain Audet Flexible route marker
US20080308707A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Goossens Urbanus Paul Marguerite Street pole and method for placing the street pole
US20130008096A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-01-10 Michael Griffiths Utility pole
US20140043836A1 (en) * 2010-07-08 2014-02-13 Ab Varmforzinkning Yieldable lighting column

Patent Citations (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1821850A (en) * 1929-02-11 1931-09-01 Union Metal Mfg Co Tapered tubular pole
US3217459A (en) * 1962-09-17 1965-11-16 Roy E Meyer Tower structure
DE1811147A1 (de) 1968-11-27 1970-06-18 Wilhelm Saalmann Sicherheitsmarkierungspfahl
US3628296A (en) * 1969-09-02 1971-12-21 Unistrut Corp Breakaway sign support
EP0001964A1 (fr) 1977-11-09 1979-05-16 Lars Svensson Poteau prét à être déformé plastiquement sous l'effet du choc d'un vehicule
US4196550A (en) * 1977-11-09 1980-04-08 Lars Svensson Post
AU546648B2 (en) 1980-11-20 1985-09-12 Industrial Galvanizers Corporation Pty Ltd Lighting pole
WO1984004117A1 (fr) 1983-04-08 1984-10-25 Lars Svensson Poteau pour feux de signalisation, eclairage et autres
US4630413A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-12-23 Lars Svensson Post for traffic signs, lighting and the like
US4747725A (en) * 1983-12-13 1988-05-31 Gebelius Sven Runo Vilhelm Device for pole-shaped elements
US5090348A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-02-25 Hugron Denis P Traffic signalling post
GB2268774A (en) * 1992-07-17 1994-01-19 Dowling Mackenzie R Energy absorbing pole
US5267523A (en) * 1992-10-02 1993-12-07 Hugron Denis P Resilient signalling post
US5860253A (en) * 1997-04-08 1999-01-19 Lapointe; Jean Collapsible post structure
US6516573B1 (en) * 1999-01-06 2003-02-11 Tyco Flow Services Ag Integrated breakaway for support posts
US6264162B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2001-07-24 Theodore D. Barnes Breakaway sign post
FR2842851B1 (fr) * 2002-07-23 2004-12-17 Petitjean Sa Mat de candelabre a absorption d'energie
WO2005064084A1 (fr) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-14 Örsta-Gruppen As Poteau routier
US20050196235A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 Carsonite International Roadway delineator
US20080131201A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Sylvain Audet Flexible route marker
US20080308707A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Goossens Urbanus Paul Marguerite Street pole and method for placing the street pole
US20130008096A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-01-10 Michael Griffiths Utility pole
US20140043836A1 (en) * 2010-07-08 2014-02-13 Ab Varmforzinkning Yieldable lighting column

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
European Search Report dated Apr. 8, 2011, corresponding to EP 09 17 3003.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ580494A (en) 2011-05-27
EP2177665A3 (fr) 2011-05-11
US20100107521A1 (en) 2010-05-06
AU2008229948A1 (en) 2010-04-29
AU2016231500A1 (en) 2016-10-06
AU2008229948B2 (en) 2016-08-11
EP2177665A2 (fr) 2010-04-21

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