US9395264B2 - Blunt impact test apparatus and method - Google Patents

Blunt impact test apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US9395264B2
US9395264B2 US13/160,073 US201113160073A US9395264B2 US 9395264 B2 US9395264 B2 US 9395264B2 US 201113160073 A US201113160073 A US 201113160073A US 9395264 B2 US9395264 B2 US 9395264B2
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Prior art keywords
cart
impact
test structure
adjustable
ramp
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US13/160,073
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US20120318039A1 (en
Inventor
Donald E. Powers
Mark E. Miller
Jason C. Kiiskila
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Boeing Co
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Boeing Co
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Priority to US13/160,073 priority Critical patent/US9395264B2/en
Assigned to THE BOEING COMPANY reassignment THE BOEING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIISKILA, JASON C., POWERS, DON E., MILLER, MARK E.
Priority to CA2778574A priority patent/CA2778574C/en
Priority to CN201210174180.6A priority patent/CN102826234B/zh
Priority to JP2012124056A priority patent/JP6029326B2/ja
Priority to EP20120172089 priority patent/EP2535693B1/en
Publication of US20120318039A1 publication Critical patent/US20120318039A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/08—Shock-testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight

Definitions

  • the disclosure generally relates to testing of blunt impact forces on composite materials. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a blunt impact test apparatus and method which can be used to test the effect of blunt impact having a measured magnitude on composite materials.
  • Aircraft and other structures built of composite materials may be inadvertently impacted by a service vehicle or other object without any external indications of the impact.
  • Assessment of blunt impact to a composite material structure may be necessary or desirable to determine the necessity or feasibility of making repairs to the structure. Therefore, various methods used to assess the effect of blunt impact on a composite material structure have been devised.
  • Drop tubes include relatively small masses (typically ⁇ 100 pounds) which are dropped vertically through a tube onto a horizontal surface from a height which produces the desired energy level at impact.
  • Spring-actuated guns use a spring to accelerate a small mass against a surface and can be used in any orientation.
  • both of these techniques are limited to a small impact area (typically ⁇ ⁇ 12 square inches).
  • Pendulums use larger masses and are used to perform impacts on vertical surfaces.
  • a drawback of conventional drop tubes and gun-type impact devices is that their relatively small masses and relatively high velocities do not replicate the damage which is sustained from large masses at relatively low velocities. Additionally, use of such devices may render acquisition of data during the impact difficult.
  • Pendulums are generally much lower in mass than the vehicles that cause the impact which they attempt to replicate and typically cannot be used to reliably simulate impacts low on the body of an aircraft fuselage (particularly when an attempt is made to simulate a vehicle scraping under the belly or the cargo door of an aircraft). Pendulums may also require large or tall support structures; therefore, secondary impacts caused by such structures may be difficult if not impossible to prevent.
  • blunt impact test apparatus and method which can be used to test the effect of blunt impact having a measured magnitude on composite materials is needed.
  • the disclosure is generally directed to a blunt impact test apparatus for testing blunt impact against a test structure.
  • An illustrative embodiment of the apparatus includes an apparatus frame having track rails for positioning proximate the test structure; a track angle positioning mechanism engaging the distal end of the track rails to control a slope of the track rails; and an impact cart adapted to roll on the track rails.
  • the disclosure is further generally directed to a method of testing a structure for survivability after impact.
  • An illustrative embodiment of the method includes providing a test structure for testing; providing an inclined ramp placed distal to and coupled to a level ramp placed proximate to the test structure; placing a cart on the ramp, the cart configured to roll on the ramp; and rolling the cart down the ramp against the test structure.
  • the disclosure is further generally directed to a method of predicting the effect of impact of a service vehicle on a composite aircraft structure.
  • An illustrative embodiment of the method includes providing a test structure for testing; providing a level ramp placed proximate to the test structure coupled to an inclined ramp placed distal and coupled to the level ramp; placing a cart on the ramp, the cart configured to roll on the ramp; and rolling the cart down the ramp against the test structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of an illustrative embodiment of the blunt impact test apparatus.
  • FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a track rail of an illustrative embodiment of the blunt test apparatus, with an impact cart wheel engaging the track rail.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of an illustrative embodiment of the blunt impact test apparatus, with a track angle positioning mechanism deployed in a raised configuration to increase the angle of the track rails.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of an illustrative embodiment of the blunt impact test apparatus, with the impact cart released from the cart release mechanism and an impact bumper on the impact cart impacting a test structure for testing.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram which illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a method of testing a structure for survivability after impact.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram which illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a method of predicting the effect of impact of a service vehicle on a composite aircraft structure.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an aircraft production and service methodology.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an aircraft.
  • the apparatus 1 may include an apparatus frame 2 .
  • the apparatus frame 2 may include a frame base 3 and a pair of track rails 4 provided on the frame base 3 .
  • the track rails 4 may be adjustable at an angle with respect to the frame base 3 .
  • a track angle positioning mechanism 14 may engage the track rails 4 for the purpose.
  • the track angle positioning mechanism 14 may include a track angle positioning cylinder 15 on the frame base 3 and a track angle positioning piston 16 which is extendable from the track angle positioning cylinder 15 and engages the track rails 4 .
  • the angle of the track rails 4 relative to the frame base 3 may be controlled by extension or retraction of the piston 16 relative to the cylinder 15 .
  • the track angle positioning mechanism 14 may be any other type of mechanism which can be used to selectively vary the angle of the track rails 4 relative to the frame base 3 .
  • a second pair of track rails may be attached to the track rails 4 , respectively, at the lower end of the track rails 4 .
  • the second pair of track rails may be generally level or horizontal and disposed adjacent to a test structure 26 .
  • a frame lifting mechanism 8 may engage the frame base 3 of the apparatus frame 2 .
  • the frame lifting mechanism 8 may include at least one frame lifting cylinder 9 and a frame lifting piston 10 which is extendable from the frame lifting cylinder 9 and engages the frame base 3 . Accordingly, the height or vertical position of the apparatus frame 2 can be selectively controlled by extension or retraction of the pistons 10 relative to the respective cylinders 9 .
  • the frame lifting mechanism 8 may be any other mechanism which can be used to selectively raise and lower the apparatus frame 2 .
  • the frame itself can be placed atop sub-frames (not shown) which may have a fixed height to achieve the required height of the track.
  • An impact cart 20 may be provided on the track rails 4 of the apparatus frame 2 .
  • the impact cart 20 may include multiple cart wheels 21 which engage the track rails 4 .
  • each of the track rails 4 may be generally circular in cross-section.
  • Each cart wheel 21 of the impact cart 20 may have a grooved or concave contour to complement the cylindrical shape of each track rail 4 . Accordingly, the impact cart 20 may be adapted to roll on the track rails 4 of the apparatus frame 2 from the pre-release position shown in FIG. 2 to the impact position shown in FIG. 3 for purposes which will be hereinafter described.
  • a release mechanism 32 may be adapted to engage the impact cart 20 and hold or secure the impact cart 20 in the pre-release position shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the release mechanism 32 may have any design which is suitable for the purpose.
  • the release mechanism 32 may be a hydraulically-actuated release mechanism.
  • the impact cart 20 may be adapted to receive one or multiple weight plates 30 .
  • the weight plates 30 may be added to the impact cart 20 to select the weight of the impact cart 20 for impact testing as will be hereinafter further described.
  • a sufficient number of the weight plates 30 may be added to the impact cart 20 to achieve a weight of up to 11,000 pounds or more for the impact cart 20 .
  • An impact bumper 22 may be attached to the front of the impact cart 20 .
  • the impact bumper 22 may have any design which allows variation of (1) bumper width (can be greater than the width of the mass and track); (2) angle of impact with respect to the longitudinal axis of a test structure 26 such as an aircraft (can impact normal to the surface or obliquely); and (3) orientation with respect to the circumference of the test structure 26 such as an aircraft (can be horizontal, vertical or any given angle with respect to the structure being impacted).
  • the apparatus 1 is placed adjacent to a test structure 26 which is to be tested.
  • the test structure 26 may be an aircraft.
  • the impact cart 20 is raised to a selected height or position on the track rails 4 of the apparatus frame 2 .
  • the pre-release position ( FIG. 2 ) of the impact cart 20 on the track rails 4 may be selected depending on the desired velocity of the impact cart 20 against the test structure 26 .
  • the frame lifting mechanism 8 can be operated to adjust the vertical position of the apparatus frame 2 and thus, the vertical position of the point of impact of the impact cart 20 against the test structure 26 .
  • the track angle positioning mechanism 14 can be operated to adjust the angle or slope of the track rails 4 in order to achieve a desired impact speed of the impact cart 20 on the track rails 4 .
  • a mechanism (not shown) to prevent multiple impacts may be installed which restrains the cart after rebounding from the initial impact with the structure under test.
  • the impact cart 20 is raised to the pre-release position on the track rails 4 and attached to the release mechanism 32 .
  • a selected number of weight plates 30 may be placed on the impact cart 20 to achieve a desired weight of the impact cart 20 .
  • An impact bumper 22 of selected configuration and design can be attached to the front of the impact cart 20 .
  • the apparatus 1 may be used to determine the impact which would be created in the event that an aircraft service vehicle inadvertently strikes an aircraft. Therefore, the height of the apparatus frame 2 , the slope of the track rails 4 , the position of the impact cart 20 on the track rails 4 and the weight of the impact cart 20 may be adjusted to strike the test structure 26 at a kinetic energy level which replicates the impact kinetic energy level of the aircraft service vehicle against the aircraft.
  • the release mechanism 32 is operated to release the impact cart 20 such that the impact cart 20 rolls down the track rails 4 from the pre-release position shown in FIG. 2 to the impact position shown in FIG. 3 under the influence of gravity. Accordingly, the impact bumper 22 on the front of the impact cart 20 strikes the test structure 26 and may damage the test structure 26 .
  • the test structure 26 may be examined using conventional methods to determine the extent of damage to the test structure 26 .
  • the extent of damage to the test structure may be correlated to the extent of damage which would be exerted on an aircraft in the event that an aircraft service vehicle inadvertently strikes the aircraft. Accordingly, the apparatus 1 may enable electronic data acquisition of impact loads in multiple axes, acceleration, displacement and velocity of the impact cart 20 throughout the duration of the impact testing.
  • a flow diagram 400 which illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a method of testing a structure for survivability after impact is shown.
  • a composite test structure for testing is provided.
  • an inclined ramp is placed proximate to the composite structure for testing.
  • a cart which is configured to roll on the ramp is placed on the ramp.
  • an impact device is attached to the cart.
  • the cart is raised to a predetermined height on the ramp.
  • the cart is released and allowed to impact the test structure for impact testing.
  • a flow diagram 500 which illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a method of predicting the effect of impact of a service vehicle on a composite aircraft structure is shown.
  • a composite test structure for testing is provided.
  • an inclined ramp is placed proximate to the composite structure for testing.
  • a cart which is configured to roll on the ramp is placed on the ramp.
  • the cart may have a mass of the order of magnitude of an aircraft service vehicle.
  • an impact device is attached to the cart.
  • the cart is raised to a predetermined height on the ramp.
  • the cart is released and allowed to impact the test structure for impact testing.
  • embodiments of the disclosure may be used in the context of an aircraft manufacturing and service method 78 as shown in FIG. 6 and an aircraft 94 as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • exemplary method 78 may include specification and design 80 of the aircraft 94 and material procurement 82 .
  • component and subassembly manufacturing 84 and system integration 86 of the aircraft 94 takes place.
  • the aircraft 94 may go through certification and delivery 88 in order to be placed in service 90 .
  • the aircraft 94 may be scheduled for routine maintenance and service 92 (which may also include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, and so on).
  • Each of the processes of method 78 may be performed or carried out by a system integrator, a third party, and/or an operator (e.g., a customer).
  • a system integrator may include without limitation any number of aircraft manufacturers and major-system subcontractors
  • a third party may include without limitation any number of vendors, subcontractors, and suppliers
  • an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on.
  • the aircraft 94 produced by exemplary method 78 may include an airframe 98 with a plurality of systems 96 and an interior 100 .
  • high-level systems 96 include one or more of a propulsion system 102 , an electrical system 104 , a hydraulic system 106 , and an environmental system 108 . Any number of other systems may be included.
  • an aerospace example is shown, the principles of the invention may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry.
  • the apparatus embodied herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the production and service method 78 .
  • components or subassemblies corresponding to production process 84 may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while the aircraft 94 is in service.
  • one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized during the production stages 84 and 86 , for example, by substantially expediting assembly of or reducing the cost of an aircraft 94 .
  • one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized while the aircraft 94 is in service, for example and without limitation, to maintenance and service 92 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
US13/160,073 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 Blunt impact test apparatus and method Active 2033-08-06 US9395264B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/160,073 US9395264B2 (en) 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 Blunt impact test apparatus and method
CA2778574A CA2778574C (en) 2011-06-14 2012-04-19 Blunt impact test apparatus and method
CN201210174180.6A CN102826234B (zh) 2011-06-14 2012-05-30 钝碰撞测试设备和方法
JP2012124056A JP6029326B2 (ja) 2011-06-14 2012-05-31 鈍的衝撃試験の装置及び方法
EP20120172089 EP2535693B1 (en) 2011-06-14 2012-06-14 Blunt impact test apparatus and method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/160,073 US9395264B2 (en) 2011-06-14 2011-06-14 Blunt impact test apparatus and method

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US20120318039A1 US20120318039A1 (en) 2012-12-20
US9395264B2 true US9395264B2 (en) 2016-07-19

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US (1) US9395264B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP2535693B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP6029326B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN102826234B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2778574C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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JP6029326B2 (ja) 2016-11-24
CA2778574C (en) 2015-07-07
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US20120318039A1 (en) 2012-12-20
CN102826234B (zh) 2017-03-01

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