US9328899B2 - LED lighting apparatus emitting controlled spatial illumination light - Google Patents

LED lighting apparatus emitting controlled spatial illumination light Download PDF

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US9328899B2
US9328899B2 US13/395,355 US201013395355A US9328899B2 US 9328899 B2 US9328899 B2 US 9328899B2 US 201013395355 A US201013395355 A US 201013395355A US 9328899 B2 US9328899 B2 US 9328899B2
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liquid
crystal panel
crystal
light
led
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US20120169953A1 (en
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Shoei Kataoka
Teruyuki Kataoka
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/003—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by interposition of elements with electrically controlled variable light transmissivity, e.g. liquid crystal elements or electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • F21K9/135—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/04—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133371—Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
    • H05B37/0245—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components
    • H05K13/04—Mounting of components, e.g. of leadless components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components
    • H05K13/08—Monitoring manufacture of assemblages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/40—Lighting for industrial, commercial, recreational or military use
    • F21Y2101/02—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2107/00—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements
    • F21Y2107/30—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements on the outer surface of cylindrical surfaces, e.g. rod-shaped supports having a circular or a polygonal cross section
    • F21Y2111/005—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lighting apparatus using LEDs that can control the quality and the area of lighting by combining LEDs with a liquid-crystal panel.
  • An LED which emits light by applying a direct voltage to a p-n junction in a compound semiconductor, has been used for home lighting as a result of the recent remarkable progress of technologies.
  • Multi-layered p-n junctions, as well as LEDs (light-emitting diode) mounted on a board have been made it possible to use for high power lighting.
  • An LED lighting because of the structure of its light emitting part, has strong directional characteristics; therefore the use of the LED lighting was limited to downlights. Unlike conventional incandescent bulbs or florescent lamps, an LED lighting was not able to illuminate large areas of a room. It was also not able to control the quality or the area of lighting.
  • Patent Document 1 JP-A-2008-28275
  • Patent Document 2 JP-T-2009-500232
  • Patent Document 3 JP-A-HEI11-353907
  • Patent Document 4 JP-A-HEI05-210077
  • Patent Document 5 JP 3913184
  • Patent Document 6 JP-A-2004-264549
  • Patent Document 7 U.S. Pat. No. 6,859,333
  • Non-Patent Document 1 Richard Stevenson, “The LED's dark secret”, IEEE Spectrum, 08.09, 2009, pp. 22-27
  • Non-Patent Document 2 Kanji Bando, “Development of LED lighting (1)”, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan, VOL 92, No. 6, 2008, pp. 301-306
  • Non-Patent Document 3 Special Feature Article “LED”, Nihon Keizei Shinbun, 08.30.2009, p. 6
  • Non-Patent Document 4 Jun Okazaki, Masaaki Kato, and Katsuyuki Konishi, “Present and Future of LEDs for illuminations”, Sharp Corporation Technical Report, VOL99, 8, 2009, pp. 10-16
  • Non-Patent Document 5 Shoji Yokota, “LED Device for Illuminations”, Sharp Corporation Technical Report, VOL99, 8, 2009, pp. 17-19
  • Non-Patent Document 6 Shoichi Matsumoto and Kazuyoshi Tsunoda, “Liquid Crystals—Fundamental and Applications”, Kogyo Chosakai Publishing Inc., pp 341-342
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • LED LED-emitting diode
  • the light can be scattered by positioning reflective plates in the behind or in the surroundings of itself, or by coating inside a glass container with a diffusion paint.
  • the present invention is a lighting apparatus placing a liquid-crystal panel in front of LEDs (light-emitting diodes).
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • the directions of long and thin liquid crystal molecules are varied by an applied electric field and its characteristics to light are changed. Therefore, liquid crystals are widely used for displays.
  • a liquid-crystal panel is made by inserting liquid crystals between two opposite electrode plates.
  • liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied between the electrode plates, liquid crystal molecules become parallel to the electrode plates as a result of the boundary condition.
  • the liquid crystal molecules become parallel to the electric field, namely, become vertical to the plates. Therefore, when no voltage is applied, light vertical to the liquid-crystal panel is reflected, whereas when a voltage is applied, the light is passed through.
  • the optical refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed by the applied voltage.
  • FIG. 1A shows the basic structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • the lighting apparatus includes: an LED substrate 1 ; LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 2 ; light emitted from the LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 3 ; a liquid-crystal panel 4 ; and light 5 from the liquid-crystal panel 4 .
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • 3 light emitted from the LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 3
  • a liquid-crystal panel 4 e.g., a liquid-crystal panel 4
  • light 5 from the liquid-crystal panel 4 .
  • light from the liquid-crystal panel is scattered or dispersed if the structure or the constituent of the liquid-crystal panel 4 is not uniform.
  • the distribution of illumination light from LEDs can be controlled, thereby unprecedented lighting such as concentrating, dispersing, and/or scattering light for desired areas, or illuminating with indirect lighting for an entire room is possible, improving lighting quality significantly.
  • the conventional two lighting apparatuses will be replaced by one lighting apparatus of the present invention, and thus this invention contributes a lot to the energy-saving and environment problems.
  • FIG. 1A is a sectional view of a basic structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a sectional view showing the detail of a basic structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1C shows a direction of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied to a liquid-crystal panel of a lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1D shows a direction of liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied to a liquid-crystal panel of a lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention in which a liquid-crystal panel having functions of a concave lens is placed.
  • FIG. 2B is a sectional views showing the detail of a structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention in which a liquid-crystal panel has microlenses having functions of a concave lens.
  • FIG. 2C is a sectional view showing the detail of a structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention in which a liquid-crystal panel having an area of no electrode.
  • FIG. 2D is a sectional view showing the detail of a structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention in which a liquid-crystal panel has microlenses with functions of a convex lens.
  • FIG. 2E is a sectional view showing the detail of a structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention in which a liquid-crystal panel has a Fresnel structure of functions of a convex lens.
  • FIG. 2F is a sectional view showing the detail of a structure of a lighting apparatus of the present invention in which a liquid-crystal panel has microlenses of various functions.
  • FIG. 3A is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention in which a polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal panel is placed.
  • FIG. 3B shows a direction of liquid crystal molecules with zero voltage applied to a polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3C shows a direction of liquid crystal molecules with a voltage applied to a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panel sections of different functions.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panel sections of different functions alternatively.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a bulb-shaped lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8A is a sectional view of a bulb-shaped lighting apparatus placing liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 8B is a sectional view of a bulb-shaped lighting apparatus of the present invention placing curved-surface liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 9 shows a lighting apparatus for ceilings.
  • FIG. 10A is a plan view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10A is a plan view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10B is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10C is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10D is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10E is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10F is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10G is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10H is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10I is a sectional view of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing a liquid-crystal panel slanted against a LED (light-emitting diode) substrate.
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing two liquid-crystal panels slanted in opposite directions.
  • FIG. 13A is a plan view of an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 13B is a plan view of an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 13C is a plan view of an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 14A is a plan view of an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 14B is a plan view of an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 15A is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15B is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15C is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 16A is a plan view of an example of an LED used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 16B is a plan view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 16C is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16D is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16E is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16F is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 17A is a plan view showing an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17B is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 17C is a sectional view showing an example of an electrode of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18A shows an example of a voltage that is applied to the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18B shows an example of a voltage that is applied to the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18C shows an example of a voltage that is applied to the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18D shows an example of a voltage that is applied to the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19A explains an example of a voltage that is applied to the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19B explains an example of a voltage that is applied to the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20A is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 20B is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 20C is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 20D is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 20E is a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention placing liquid-crystal panels of different functions in layer.
  • FIG. 21A is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21B is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21C is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21D is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21E is a sectional view an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21F is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22A is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22B is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22C is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a sectional view of an example of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a sectional view of a bulb-shaped lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • the lighting apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 2 which is mounted on a substrate 1 , a liquid crystal panel 4 , an LED drive circuit 12 , a remote control sensor (remote-control signal receiver) 13 , and a liquid-crystal drive circuit 14 .
  • the LED drive circuit 12 , the remote-control sensor 13 , and the liquid-crystal drive circuit 14 are connected to a commercial power supply 15 for domestic use. That is, the LED drive circuit and the liquid-crystal drive circuit are provided with voltages from a common commercial power supply.
  • Transparent electrodes 42 are connected to the liquid-crystal drive circuit 14 .
  • the LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 2 are connected to the LED drive circuit 12 . Embedding a human detection sensor in the lighting apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention enables to detect automatically areas where human is present and thus to provide comfortable and energy-saving lighting.
  • the liquid-crystal panel 4 is composed by sealing a liquid crystal material 43 between two parallel glass substrates 41 where individual electrodes 42 consisting of transparent electrical-conductive films such as ITO are provided. When several volts are applied to the electrodes 42 , the direction of liquid crystal molecules 400 is changed to vary the optical characteristics.
  • the optical characteristics include the transmittance rate, refraction rate and attenuation rate of light.
  • the liquid-crystal drive circuit can change the modes of optical characteristics of the liquid-crystal panel as desired. For example, light transmittance and light refraction can be varied in a desired value.
  • illumination light from the lighting apparatus can be varied in a desired mode.
  • the form and structure of the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel can be made in various modes. It also enables light from the lighting apparatus to vary in a desired mode.
  • the LED (light-emitting diode) 2 with a single p-n junction will be operated at several volts. Since both an LED (light-emitting diode) and a liquid-crystal panel are basically operated at several volts, thus the coherence between the electric circuits for them is considerably high. Therefore, both of the electric circuits can be integrated.
  • nematic liquid crystals are used, and the distance between the electrodes of the panel is 4 microns.
  • FIG. 1C when zero volt is applied to a liquid-crystal panel to be used in an embodiment of this invention, the direction of liquid crystal molecules 400 is almost parallel to the electrode surface, resulting in not passing incident light 3 much.
  • FIG. 1D increase in supply voltage changes the direction of the liquid-crystal molecules 400 , and the direction of molecules becomes able to pass the light 3 and becomes almost transparent at 5 voltages.
  • Such characteristics may greatly vary depending on the treatment of a liquid-crystal substrate and on the liquid-crystal materials.
  • liquid crystals in wide use is a display, which can regulate the optical transmission of fine pixels from complete zero to 100 percent.
  • this present invention only optical transmission, reflection, and scattering in some range for a wide area are required, thus the structure of a liquid-crystal panel is considerably simple for easy production at a low cost.
  • FIG. 2A shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which a liquid-crystal panel acts as a concave lens by making micro-lenses or Fresnel structures in the electrodes of a liquid-crystal panel.
  • the liquid-crystal panel 4 that acts as a lens is positioned in parallel to the LED substrate 1 and thus light of high directionality 3 from an LED (light-emitting diode) 2 is scattered to generate light such as 5 , in a wide area.
  • a liquid-crystal panel that acts as a convex lens with the perforated structure or the Fresnel structure of the electrodes can converge the light emitted from an LED (light-emitting diode) to provide a lighting apparatus that concentrates bright light in local.
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • a lens structure 41 A where liquid crystal panel acts as a concave lens is formed on a glass substrate 41 .
  • a region 41 B without electrode is formed on a glass substrate 41 .
  • a micro lens structure 41 C where liquid-crystal panel acts as a convex lens is formed on a glass substrate 41 .
  • a Fresnel lens 41 D is formed on a glass substrate 41 .
  • a plurality of micro-lenses or Fresnel lenses are formed on a glass substrate 41 .
  • these lens structure a relatively large lens structure underneath LEDs or very small micro-lens array can be made according to the requirement.
  • FIG. 3A shows an embodiment of the present invention in which microcapsulated liquid crystals dispersed in polymer are used for the panel.
  • the direction of the microcapsulated liquid crystals are at random, so that the light from LEDs (light-emitting diodes) is reflected on the liquid-crystal panel 4 and scattered as light 5 , leading to indirect lighting.
  • Liquid-crystal panels with such properties are so far used as optical blinds.
  • a liquid-crystal panel of this present invention the distance between the electrodes is 10 micron, and the size of a microcapsule 401 containing liquid crystals is about one microns; a plurality of the microcapsules are dispersed in polymer 402 .
  • a liquid-crystal panel of this present invention blocks light from LEDs, to be scattered and reflected for indirect lighting.
  • the liquid-crystal panel passes the light from LEDs through and the panel becomes transparent to give bright lighting.
  • a reflective liquid-crystal panel with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals used for mobile phone displays can be employed for this invention. At zero volts, it reflects and scatters light from LEDs, whereas it passes the light through at 5 volts to give brighter lighting.
  • a liquid-crystal panel with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals in which electrodes are of a plurality of concentric circles under LEDs can provide lens effects caused by light diffraction. Therefore, such a liquid-crystal panel concentrates or disperses further light from LED for regulating a wide range of lighting.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an apparatus that provides complex illumination by giving different characteristics to a liquid-crystal panel with a plurality of sections, not a uniform liquid crystal panel.
  • the right part of the liquid-crystal panel 4 B consisting of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, scatters light 3 from LEDs (light-emitting diodes) as light 5 A or 5 B
  • the left part of the liquid-crystal panel 4 A having a function of a concave lens, passes and disperses the light from LED (light-emitting diodes) 3 as 5 C, making a left half of a room bright and a right half with indirect lighting.
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the present invention in which liquid-crystal panels of different functions are alternately positioned by sectioning.
  • This is a lighting apparatus that provides mild illumination in a large area. By regulating voltages applied to sectioned liquid-crystal panels of different functions, lighting quality in a large area can be regulated. Also, a lighting apparatus in which the same functional liquid-crystal panels are divided into a plurality of sections, it can regulate lighting quality by regulating individual sections.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which a plurality of liquid crystals of different functions are positioned in layers.
  • the first liquid-crystal panel 4 B is a polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal panel and the second liquid-crystal panel 4 A is a liquid-crystal panel having a function of a concave lens.
  • a voltage is applied to the first liquid-crystal panel, it will be transparent to light, and an appropriately dispersed lighting can be provided by regulating a voltage to the second liquid-crystal panel. Also, reducing the voltage or applying zero volt to the first liquid-crystal panel, indirect lighting can be obtained.
  • FIG. 7 shows an application of the present invention to a bulb-shaped LED lamp that is recently on market.
  • a liquid-crystal panel 4 having a function of a concave lens is positioned away from the light-emitting substrate 1 of LEDs (light-emitting diodes) array 2 in the glass container 6 .
  • spreading light 5 can be obtained.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates a similar bulb-shaped LED lamp of an embodiment of the present invention in which two liquid-crystal panels 4 A and 4 B of different characteristics are layered.
  • the structure of FIG. 6 is applied to a bulb shaped LED lamp, thereby various types of lighting can be obtained.
  • a bulb-shaped lamp of FIG. 8B two liquid-crystal panels 4 A and 4 A of different characteristics are layered.
  • liquid panels 4 A and 4 B are curved in the same shapes of the bulb. That is, the liquid panels 4 A and 4 B have hemispheric shape.
  • FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of a lighting apparatus of the present invention that is installed on a ceiling.
  • Light of high directionality 3 from LEDs (light-emitting diode) 2 mounted on a hemicylinder substrate 1 inside a cover 8 is regulated to mild light 5 by a hemicylinder liquid-crystal panel 4 positioned in front of the LEDs 2 .
  • This hemicylinder liquid-crystal panel can be easily produced using a liquid-crystal film.
  • a curved liquid-crystal film panel is used.
  • a plastic substrate may be used instead of a glass substrate.
  • FIG. 10A is a plan view of a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention that scatters light by forming a mesh electrode (consisting of electrode section 42 A and non-electrode section 42 B), not using a micro-lens described in the embodiment 1, to cause nonuniformity in an electric field distribution and to generate regular variation in the optical properties of the liquid-crystal.
  • FIG. 10B is a sectional view of the liquid panel shown in FIG. 10A .
  • the size of the non-electrode section 42 is L, and the distance between two electrodes 42 A and 42 B is d.
  • the non-electrode section 41 B of size L is formed on the electrode 42 A on the top side.
  • the bottom side electrode 42 B is evenly formed on the glass substrate 41 .
  • FIGS. 10C to 10F show examples for various ratios of L/d: size L of non-electrode section 41 B to size d between two electrodes 42 A and 42 B.
  • size d between two electrodes 42 A and 42 B is comparatively larger and equivalent to size L.
  • light 3 from an LED (light emitting diodes) is mostly reflected and partially transmitted to be scattered, thereby a room becomes dark.
  • the size d between two electrodes 42 A and 42 B is comparatively smaller and sufficiently smaller than the size L.
  • FIG. 10G to FIG. 10I show examples in which two electrodes 42 A and 42 B are completely formed and non-electrode section is not provided.
  • the gap between the electrodes is narrow in a partial region of a single electrode of either 42 A or 42 B, and the gap size d between the electrodes is normal in other regions. Therefore, in these examples, a region of narrow gap between two electrodes is provided instead of a section of no electrode. The size of the region of narrow gap d between the two electrodes is L.
  • each of two electrodes 42 A and 42 B is evenly provided on the internal surface of the glass substrate 41 .
  • one of the glass substrates 41 is partly thicker.
  • the thickness of liquid-crystal 43 and the gap between two electrodes are smaller.
  • an electrode 42 A of upper side is formed on the internal surface of the glass substrate 41 of the top side, whereas an electrode 42 B is formed in the interior of a glass substrate 42 of the bottom side.
  • the thickness of the two substrates and the thickness of the liquid-crystal 43 inserted between them are constant, but the gap between the two electrodes is not constant.
  • a lens with such a distinctive distance of focal points as is shown in prior art references is not needed. It may function as an indefinite light focus or diffusion. Therefore, as in an embodiment of the present invention, nonuniform structure of electrodes causes a nonuniform electric field. As a result, optical properties such as the refractive index of liquid-crystal materials become ununiform to cause light convergence or diffusion.
  • FIG. 11 is an embodiment of the present invention wherein a liquid-crystal panel is tilted against the LED (light-emitting diode) substrate.
  • a liquid-crystal panel is tilted against the LED (light-emitting diode) substrate.
  • light 3 from an LED (light-emitting diode) reflects on the surface of the liquid-crystal panel 4 as lights 5 A. Also the transmitted light becomes lights as 5 B and is scattered as lights 5 C.
  • Light 3 from an LED (light-emitting diode) spreads in an extremely large area to illuminate a space effectively.
  • FIG. 12 is an embodiment of the present invention wherein each of the two liquid-crystal panels 4 A and 4 B are tilted in different directions, thereby wide-area illumination is possible by balancing the right and left spaces. Furthermore, with a plurality of such liquid-crystal panels, a great variety of lighting is made possible by controlling electric signals for individual liquid-crystal panels.
  • FIG. 13A to FIG. 13C show other forms of an embodiment shown in FIG. 10A , in which examples of the various forms of the electrode structure are shown.
  • These electrode structures include an electrode section 42 A and a non-electrode section 41 B.
  • the electrodes of this example can be obtained by first evenly forming transparent electrodes on a glass substrate and then eliminating them in sections with given forms.
  • the non-electrode section 41 B can have a form of a circle, a triangle, or others of various sizes.
  • the pattern of the transparent electrodes can be produced by means of known lithography technologies.
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B further show the examples of electrode structures in various forms. These electrode structures individually include a single electrode section 42 A and a single non-electrode section 41 B.
  • the electrode of this example can be obtained by forming a transparent electrode in the area in given form on a glass substrate.
  • the positioning LEDs (light-emitting diodes) directly above the area of relatively large electrode section 42 A is favorable.
  • a liquid-crystal panel 4 is composed of two parallel glass substrates 41 provided with a single electrode 42 A and a single electrode 42 B made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO, wherein a liquid crystal material 43 is sealed.
  • an electrode 42 A on the top side and an electrode 42 B on the bottom side are control electrode and common electrode respectively.
  • the control electrode 42 A on the top side includes a plurality of electrodes that are separated one another. That is, the common electrode 42 A is separated by the non-electrode section 41 B. Of a plurality of control electrodes 42 A, a desired voltage is applied between a given electrode and the common electrode 42 B on the bottom side.
  • a common electrode 42 B is evenly formed in the internal surface of a glass substrate 41 on the bottom side.
  • a common electrode 42 B and a control electrode 42 A have the same form and both are positioned on the corresponding places.
  • a common electrode 42 B and a control electrode 42 A have the same form and both are positioned on different places each other. As described in these examples, the relative position of a common electrode 42 B and a control electrode 42 A can be freely set.
  • the electrodes that are shown in FIG. 13A to FIG. 13C and FIG. 14A to FIG. 14B are control electrodes, but a common electrode corresponding to the control electrodes can be arbitrarily positioned. Provided that control electrodes are arbitrarily positioned, the relative positional relation between a common electrode 42 B and a control electrode 42 A varies a direction of liquid crystal molecules, resulting in changing the light intensity and the characteristics of transmitted light.
  • FIG. 16A shows the plan structure of LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 2 mounted on a substrate 1 .
  • FIG. 16B shows the form of a control electrode of a liquid-crystal panel that is positioned under these LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 2 .
  • the control electrodes 42 A consists of an inside circular section 42 A- 1 and an outside ring section 42 A- 2 .
  • the circular section and the ring section, which are separated from each other via a non-electrode section 41 B, are independently supplied with a voltage.
  • FIG. 16C shows the sectional structure of the LED (light-emitting diode) 2 mounted on the substrate 1 .
  • FIG. 16D to FIG. 16F show the sectional structures of the LED (light-emitting diode) 2 that is mounted on the substrate 1 , and the liquid-crystal panel 4 .
  • FIG. 16D shows the case of zero volt applied. Light from an LED (light-emitting diode) 2 is scattered by the liquid-crystal panel and it almost never passes through.
  • FIG. 16E shows the case of voltage applied to both a circular section 42 A- 1 and a ring section 42 A- 2 of a control electrode, wherein light from an LED (light-emitting diode) 2 passes through the liquid-crystal panel.
  • FIG. 16F shows the case when voltage is applied to a circular section 42 A- 1 and zero volt is applied to a ring section 42 A- 2 . Light from an LED (light-emitting diode) 2 is passed through the circular section 42 A- 1 and is scattered in the ring section 42 A- 2 .
  • FIG. 17A shows LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 2 that are mounted on a substrate 1 .
  • the LEDs 2 are positioned in ring.
  • FIG. 17B shows the case when zero volt is applied and light from LEDs is scattered on the liquid-crystal panel.
  • FIG. 17C shows the case an applied voltage is not zero and light from LEDs is passed through the liquid-crystal panel.
  • FIG. 18A shows voltages to be applied to a normal liquid-crystal panel.
  • a liquid-crystal panel to be used in a display device positive and negative voltages are alternately applied.
  • FIG. 18B and FIG. 18C show the examples of voltages that are applied to a liquid-crystal panel to be used in an LED lighting apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • a positive voltage is applied for time t v and then zero volt is applied for time t 0 .
  • a negative voltage is applied for time t v and zero voltage is applied for time t 0 .
  • a number of applications of positive voltages in one second is hereafter called “frequency”. Frequency can be from several tens to several hundred cycles.
  • the ratio of time that either a positive or a negative voltage is applied to a single cycle T is called “duty”.
  • the duty is 1 in FIG. 18A ; 0.5 in FIG. 18B ; and 0.2 in FIG. 18C . Setting certain values of duty and frequency enables a lighting apparatus to emit a desired amount of light.
  • FIG. 18D shows when zero volt is applied. Light from LEDs is scattered by a liquid-crystal panel.
  • FIG. 19A shows a relationship between a voltage to be applied to a liquid-crystal panel and the amount of light transmitted.
  • V 0 the voltage to be applied to a liquid-crystal panel
  • V M the voltage transmitted increases.
  • V S the light transmitted becomes maximum.
  • FIG. 19B shows an example of voltage applied to a liquid-crystal panel of the lighting apparatus of the present invention.
  • a positive voltage V H is applied for time t H and a positive voltage V L for time t L .
  • a negative voltage V H is applied for time t H and a negative voltage V L is applied for time t L .
  • V H and V L can be of any values.
  • High voltage V H can be V S in FIG. 19A and low voltage V L can be V 0 or V M in FIG. 19A .
  • controlling an applied voltage varies the optical characteristics of liquid crystal.
  • the optical characteristics include light transmission rate, light refraction rate, and light attenuation rate.
  • controlling an applied voltage varies the optical characteristics of liquid crystal in a desired mode, thereby illumination light from an LED lighting apparatus can be varied in a desired mode.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of two layered liquid-crystal panels.
  • the liquid-crystal panel has a similar structure to the layered two panels.
  • the liquid-crystal panel of the present embodiment also has three parallel glass substrates 411 , 412 , and 413 .
  • a first control electrode 421 is formed; on the both sides of the glass substrate 412 in the middle, common electrodes 422 and 423 are formed; and on the interior surface of the glass substrate 413 on the bottom, a second control electrode is formed.
  • liquid crystals 431 and 432 are individually sealed.
  • the first liquid-crystal panel is composed of the first control electrode 421 and the common electrode 422
  • the second liquid-crystal panel is composed of the second control electrode 424 and the common electrode 423 .
  • Voltage to the first liquid-crystal panel is V 1
  • voltage to the second liquid-crystal panel is V 2 .
  • FIG. 20E further shows a different example of a layered liquid-crystal panel of the present invention.
  • the control electrodes shown in FIG. 15A to FIG. 15C are used.
  • the first control electrode 421 and the second control electrode 422 are of separate type.
  • the control electrodes 421 and 423 are separated into a plurality of electrodes by non-electrode sections 411 B and 413 B respectively; thereby a voltage can be independently applied to each of the electrodes.
  • FIG. 21A shows the sectional structure of a different example of a liquid-crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel of this example comprises two glass substrates 41 and liquid crystals 43 that are sealed between the two glass substrates. Space between the glass substrates 41 is divided into a plurality of areas by separators 44 . In each area different liquid crystal 43 is sealed. Either the common electrode 421 or the control electrodes 422 is provided on the internal surface of the glass substrates 41 . One of the control electrodes is provided for each area.
  • FIG. 21B shows a plan structure of the control electrodes of this example. A desired voltage is applied between a given one of the plurality of electrodes and the common electrode 421 .
  • FIG. 21C shows a plan structure of the liquid-crystal panel of this example.
  • the liquid-crystal panel of this example has functions equivalent to those of the plane combination of different panels.
  • the liquid-crystal panel has functions equivalent to those of different liquid-crystal panels array in stripe.
  • the liquid-crystal panel has functions equivalent to those of different liquid-crystal panel array in tile.
  • FIG. 21D to FIG. 21F are other examples of a liquid-crystal panel unit to be embedded in the liquid-crystal panel shown in FIG. 21B or FIG. 21C .
  • liquid-crystal panels with different structures of the control electrodes are combined.
  • the control electrodes on the top have the Fresnel structure, whereas in the example of FIG. 21F a normal plain electrode is used.
  • the direction of the Fresnel lenses are different from each other. Embedding these liquid-crystal panels, individual liquid-crystal panels 4 A and 4 B in FIG. 21C can provides desired illuminating light.
  • FIG. 22A shows a sectional structure of the liquid-crystal of this example.
  • the liquid crystal panel of this example can be similar to the panel of FIG. 21A .
  • the guest-host liquid crystal 43 is used. Pigments which have different absorption colours are added to the guest-hot liquid crystal 43 . That is, in this example the guest-host liquid crystal 43 to which different pigments are added is used instead of different types of liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 22B liquid crystals that provide light of one of three pigment colors: red, green, and blue are combined.
  • the first liquid crystal 431 provides red light
  • the third liquid crystal 433 blue light FIG. 22C , thus, shows a plan structure of the liquid-crystal panels that provides light of one of the three pigment colours: red, green, and blue.
  • FIG. 23 shows an example of a lattice-shaped liquid-crystal panel.
  • a plurality of either square liquid-crystal panels or rectangular liquid-crystal panels are arrayed.
  • the space between the two substrates is divided into a plurality of regions by a separator 44 .
  • Control electrode 423 is placed on each region.
  • a plurality of square liquid-crystal panels or rectangular liquid-crystal panels are formed herewith.
  • the size of a single liquid-crystal panel consisting of the liquid-crystal panel in the present invention can be very small, for example, it can be less than 1 cm such as several millimeters.
  • FIG. 24 shows that either of the liquid-crystal panels shown in FIG. 21A or in FIG. 22A is applied to the bulb-type LED lamp of FIG. 7 . Desired voltages can be independently applied to each panel.
  • An LED lighting apparatus of the present invention is industrially easy-producible and in wide demand including home and offices, so its industrial value is very high.
  • liquid-crystal panels for displays require highly sophisticated technologies such as alignment for polarizing plates and liquid crystal substrates.
  • a liquid-crystal panel of the present invention does not necessarily require such polarizing plates or alignment, and its manufacturing is extremely easy. Therefore, the LED lighting apparatus can be produced at low cost for higher potential popularization.
  • 1 LED (light-emitting diode) substrate
  • 2 LED (light-emitting diode)
  • 3 light from LED (light-emitting diode)
  • 4 , 4 A, and 4 B liquid-crystal panel
  • 5 , 5 A, 5 B, 5 C light from liquid-crystal panel
  • 6 glass container of a light bulb
  • 7 base of a light bulb
  • 8 cover
  • 13 remote-control sensor (remote-control signal receiver)
  • 14 liquid-crystal drive circuit
  • 12 LED drive circuit
  • 15 commercial power supply
  • 41 glass substrate
  • 42 transparent electrode
  • 43 liquid crystal
  • 41 A convex lens section
  • 41 B hole
  • 41 C concave lens section
  • 41 D Fresnel lens section
  • 400 liquid crystal molecule
  • 401 microcapsule

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