US931871A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

S. T. HOLLY.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 25, 1903.

93 1 ,87 1 Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

j/ IIJ/ //y// f u l ""WNIIIII'El` i 32 witnesses: Inventor,

sfT. HOLLY.

TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 26. 1903.

l Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

witnesses S. T. HOLLY.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 25. 1903.

Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

S. T. HOLLY. TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED JULY z5. 190s.v

Patented Aug. 24. 1909.

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TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED JULY Z5. 1903.

w,... AM .n /ZS @n an Aw ww ...M5 ZM m 0 0U .Wm kk .BQ w N\ M.. m mw L Q o v 7. /v 8 aqu. NW. 8.o. 9 MR w E@ w UNITED STATES PATEN OFF SOLOMON TOWNSEND HOLLY, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-FOURTH T0 LUTHER M. MARSTON, ONE-FOURTH TO ANNA MAY HARSTON, AND ONE-FOURTH T0 CARRIE C. HOLLY, ALL 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 25, 1903.

Patented Aug. 2a, 1909.

Serial No.166,966.

To all 'whom it may concern:-

Be it known that I, SOLOMON TowNsEND IloLLY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los lAngeles and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Turbine-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a turbine engine or rotary motor adapted to be operated by,

expansive fluid, such as steam or compressed air, and it relates particularly to improvements on the rotary motor disclosed in my application Serial N o. 50,739, tiled Mar. 11,

. provide a construction which will combine enable the machine to be built largely ofr sheet metal, thereby obtaining the advantages resultingv from the greater strength' and uniformity of such metal and obviating the expense of large and complicated castings.

An object lof such construction is also to provide for separability of the piston and casing into a plurality of elements, to facilitate assembling and taking apart.

A further object of my invention is to provide improved means for adjusting and regulating the supply of expansive fluid to the motor.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention Figure I is a partly sectional end elevation of the en ine. Fig. II is an axial section thereof. ig. `III is a fragmentary section of the vane carrying members of the piston, showing the method of attachment. Fig. IV

is an end view broken in a number of different planes to vshow more clearly the path of the operating fluid in passing through the engine. y Fig. V is a detail section on the line V-V in Fig. II, showing agroup of steam inlets. Fig. VI isa detail section on the line VIVI in Fig. II. Figs'VII and VIII are fragmentary views taken on rthe lines VII-VII, and VIII-VIII in Fig. II, looking in `the vdirection of the-arrow. Fig.

IX is a plan, with the top removed. Fig..X is a sectional view of a art of the piston and casing, showing\a dillerent form of the invention. Fig. XI'is a view on the line XI-XI in Fig. X.

1 designates, in a general way, a casing which is mounted on a base 2, on which are also mounted the standards 3 for the bearings 4, wherein the shaft 5 of the motor is journaled. The rotary piston, designated in a general way at G, is fast on this shaft, within the casing 1.

An annular pressure chamber 7 is formed in the casing 1, around the circumference thereoffand is formed in its inner wall 8 with ports 9 opening inwardly into the working chamber wherein the piston tl rotates. Said piston has a central series of buckets around its circumference, the inlets 10 of said buckets being in the plane of the ports aforesaid, and the said buckets being provided with out-lets 11 leading obliquely outward and backward on each side of the inlets. On eachside of this central series of buckets on the piston are provided one or more circular series of vanes -12 connected or fixed to the casing or frame 1 and corresponding series of vanes 13 connected to and moving with the piston. 'Annular webs,

'flanges or supports 14 are fixed to and project -inwardly from the casing or frame 1, extending on cach side of the piston, and support a plurality of circular series of 1 vanes 15 arranged in concentric circles with intervening annular spaces for the reception -fof corresponding series of vanes 16 on the piston. Annular webs 1 4 and the inner wall of the pressure chamber form a chamber I rected, s0 as to 'ca-use the fluid to resume a forward direct-ion of movement for impact i in proper manner on the next series of vanes.

The expansive fluid leaving the ports 9 at a high speed and with considerable pressure, enters the inlets -10 of the buckets and strikes'the inner 'ends or abutments thereof,

ing obliquely backward by the outlets 11 it gives by reaction a further impulse, and in such successive deflection by the successive series of moving vanes a further impulse is given the fluid being finally discharged at the annular spaces between the flanges 14 and the sides of the piston.

The piston is of relatively large diameter compared to its axial length or thickness, so as to give a high peripheral velocity, with a moderate shaft velocity. With such a construction the central series of buckets will, owing to their high speed, utilize. a large portion of the energy of the fluid at the first impact before there is any substantial loss by friction, and the peripheral 'series of vanes are correspondingly effective in pro ducing power with a minimum of frictional loss. In order, however, to keep the bulk and weight of the machine within moderate bounds, I provide only a few 'of such peripheral series of vanes, and deflect the fluid to act against the series ofvanes on the side of the piston, thereby utilizing the large diameter of the piston to accommodate a large number of series of vanes, to give the requisite compounding eHect.

A valve ring 18 is mounted within the annular pressure chamber 7, surrounding or embracing the inner wall 8 thereof, and having ports 9 aforesaid to control the admission of fluid pressure to the piston. For operating this valve rin 18 I have shown segment racks 20 on said ring, segmental toothed arms 21 engaging said racks and carried by rock shafts 22 pivoted in casing 1 and extending through one side of said casing, arms 23 on the outer ends of said shafts 22 and a bar 24 pivotally connected to said arms 23. One or both of said arms 23 is provided with a handle 25 by which the arms may be operated to turn the ring through the agency of the segment devices aforesaid. Va ve ring 18 is desirably split or cut, the two ends thereof being connected by slip joint 26, to provide a slight play or movement and allow for contraction and expansion while permitting the valve ring to be pressed tightly upon its seat by the pressure in chamber 7.

The ends are overlapped, each end being of a reduced thickness, and one of them slotted longitudinally as at 95 and the other one provided with a stud 96 which projects through the slot. A screw 97 and a washer 98 are provided for holding the overlapping portion of the ring together.. 4

Casing 1 is desirably vconstructed with disk-shaped side walls 2r and an interposedring`28 which extends into annular seats 29 in the side walls 27, and 1s fastened thereto by screws 30. Pressure chamber 7 is formed in saidLinggjZS, which is also formed with intake 31 and outlet 32 for said chamber. A ring fitting within an inturned flange 34 on one side of the pressure chamber has a lateral flange 8 forming the inner wall of the pressure chamber, and valve chamber, and a ring 35 fits within an inturned flan e 34 on the other side of said pressure cham er, the other side of the ring 28 abutting against the flange 8 to close the other side of the valve chamber. Rings 36 within the rings 33, 35,bear against shoulders -38 thereon. On the outer side of each of the rings 33, 35, are rings 37 bearing against. said rings 33, 35, and against inturned flanges 34, and outside of these rings are the annular Webs or vanesupports 14, all these part-s being fastened together and' to the ring 28 by bolts 39, 40. Bolts 39 clamp the rings 37 against flanges 34, said bolts passing through parts 14, 37, 35 and 33. Sleeves 41 act as distance pieces for rings 33, 35. Bolts 40 pass through parts 14, 37, 36, 33, 35. Said bolts 39, 40, have nuts at each end, and it will be seen that with the described construction, either side wall of the engine may be removed and the elements 14, 37 and 35 or 33 may then be removed in succession on that side of the engine Without disturbing any parts on the other side. 12 above referred to and other series of vanes 12 are carried by rings 36.

The ports or o enings 9 in flange 8 are desirably arrange in groups, each group being of a length substantially equal to the length of the ports 19 of valve ring 18. In order to give a finer graduation as the power is more turned off these ports 9 should be of progressively smaller size in the direction of movement of the valve and to this end thimbles or sleeves 109 are inserted in the openings 9, such openings being of equal size and the thimbles having bores of different size to give the desired graduation of said area. By use of different sizes of sleeves 109, the same engine may be adjustedA to any desired steam capacity and power, up to a certain maximum. The openings 9 taper inwardlf, and the sleeves 109 taper correspondingy on the outside so that on slipping them into the openings they will be retained in place by the inwardly acting pressure.

The construction of parts herein shown, whereby the steam is cut off at the nozzle or1 outlet to the piston wheel, by closing progressively a gradually varying number of the series of ports, is of especial advantage in' connection with the regulation of the engine. -When regulation is effected by a throttle, more or less loss results due to loss of pressure in passing through the throttle, but when the regulation is effected by closing the j et orifices themselves, the amount of steam passing and energy developed may be controlled wifthout any Wire-drawing or loss of pressure and efficiency.

The drawings show a governor operatml Rings 37 carry series of vanes by the engine and controlling the valve ring 18. The governor is connected to the shaft 5 by the worm 44 upon the shaft 5, the wormwheel 45 meshing with the worm 44 and carried by the shaft 46, and the bevel gear 47 meshing with the bevel gear 48 on the shaft for operating the governor.

Piston 6 is built up of separable elements so as to enable the parts thereof to be readily assembled and taken apart and to provide a light and strong construction. A hub 73 is fastened on the shaft 5 being, for example, Supported between a cone-shoulder 74 on the shaft and a nut 75 screwing in a threaded portion of the shaft. Two disks 76 desirably of sheet metal fastened to the hub by screws 77, are dished so that their peripheral portions are closer together than their parts that engage the hub, and a ring .78 is interposed between said disks at their peripheries and fastened thereto by screws 79. The inlets 10 of the buckets are formed in this ring, as shown in Figs. V and VI, a series of holes 80 being bored through this ring parallel to the axis of the piston to form the abutments of the buckets, and inlets 1() being slots out obliquely outward from these holes to the periphery, and flaring at their outer ends so that the intervening metal parts or projections 81 taper to sharp edges at their outer ends.V Holes 11 are bored obliquely out 'ard through each of the side disks .7G to form the outlets of the buckets, these holes extending from the holes 80, when the parts are assembled. The circumferential distance between the bucket inlets 10, is less than the circinnferential distance of ports 9, thereby obtaining an even or distributed effect on the piston. In this construction of this portion of the wheel the inlets l0, or fluid-receiving passages extend inwardly and forwardly at a gradually increasing depth in the' direction in which the wheel is to rotate and the outlets extend from the forward ends of the inlets in duplicate branches outwardly and rearwardly at a substantially uniform depth to the side surfaces of the wheel.

To support the lateral vanes 16 on the plston, disks 83 desirably of sheet metal are fastened by screws 84 to thehub 73, and are provided with annular seats 85 which receive rings 8G carrying the vanes aforesaid, said rings being centeredrby'said seats and fastened in place by screws 87. Between the peripheral portions of the disks 83 and 76 on each side, is interposed a ring 88, carry-` ing the series of vanes 13. Screws 8S). pass through these rings 88 on each side into engagement with the central piston element 76, 78, and screws SlOfasten disks83 to rings 88. By this construction, lthe lateral portions 83, 88. of the piston, on each side,i are readily removable independently of each other and of the central part 76,278, of the piston. 'lhc construction of such central part, with the convergently dished side disks 76, give a maximum of strength and stiffness for a given weight, and the construction of the piston as a whole with the sheet metal disks 76, 83, conduces to the samc.

The piston structure is desirably made of steel, and the val-ve chamber ring 33 is desirably of a material having a greater ex pansibility than steel, for example, brass, to prevent binding of the parts when the engine is heated by the steam.

The series of fixed vanes 15 are desirably supported and centered in similar manner in seats 92 in the inner faces of webs 14, being fastened therein .by screws 93.

In case the engine is used with steam or compressed air'and exhausts directly into the atmosphere, the casing 1 may be open at. the centerI where the shaft passes through, but in some cases, as in working with steam and with a condenser, and a consequent partial vacuum in the casing, stuffing boxesl ill will be placed in the casing walls 27 where the shaft 5 passes therethrough and stutling boxes wil be provided for rock shafts 2;?, where they pass. Stich box s wil-l also be required when pressure exists within the chamber, for example, when working with compressed air and expanding the air from high pressure to a pressure intermediate between such high pressure and atmospheric pressure.

On account of the comparative freedom from frictional resistance in this engine, both in the bearings and in the fluid pas-l sages, and particularly on account of the fact that the greater part of the available energy can be taken up from the fluid in the first few impacts at the periphery, before there is an opportunity for substantial frictional loss, the engine is particularly adapted for use as a heat abstracting means in refrigerating apparatus wherein compressed gas is caused to perform external work, in

passing through an engine which reduces its pressure and temperature.

Owing to the fact that the steam expands as it passes from the inlet to the outlet, and also owing to the fact that the circumferential area decreases towardfthe center. I prefer to give the lateral vares 16 a greater area than the radial vanes l2, as by making them longer, and to make the vanes of the inner or smaller rows longer or wider than those in the outer or larger rows. In this manner ICO the steam can more forward with sufficient speed to avoid back pressure. and as the peripheral speed of the vanes decreases as thc center of the piston is approached, the grad' ualljt7 slowing steam will still exert its ef` vfectiveness upon the vanes. This principle may be further carried out by constructing the engine as shown in Fig. l0, with the side plates 83 (lished inwardlv so as to contact at their central portions with the rcvcrscly eeLef/i dished plates or disks 7G and to be fastened to the hub i3 by the saine screws 7T that fasicn the plaies T, the peripheral vane carryiupy rings, here shown as more than tivo in number, being clamped between the outer disks 83 and the inner disks T6 as above described. The space between the rotary disks 33 and front ivcbs ift is thus made wider toward the center and the successive tif-red and movine,` vanes l5, 16, can thus be made progressive y Wider as the center is ap preached, to allow for Vthe greater volume and lower speed of the steam. The outer webs 14 may also be flared outwardly as shown so as to increase this vvidr-zning,- eil'ect. ln Fig. ll. l have shown the vanes as straight, and inclined to the direction ot rotation in proper manner to deflect, and ref ceive povver from, the currents et steam, y'ihe perforations i9 in the valve ring of such and are located at such a dis tance apart that when they register with the groups ot ports 9 the steam will have a tree and unobstructed passage to the ports, and when the ring is rotated, the passage to the ports can be partly or Wholly closed may be desired. 'lhc openings in the valve ring, as well as in the inlet openings through the port ring, are arranged at an angle or substantially tangential to the periphery cit the piston so as to deliver the steam against abutxnents in the most elective manner,

YVith an engine constructed above described, it. is evident that it can be run at an enormous peripheral velocity, the steam or other medium being delivered at the peri, ery, Where it may exert the greatest leverage and may act on parts moving,l at the highest speed, and therefore most effective in taking up the energy of the fluid. From there it passes, with ever decreasing speed, toward the center, Where the peripheral speed oi the piston is less, until finally it leaves the shell and casing with but little el'ective power inaini'ng in it. increasing the diameter off the engine, its power can be increz greatly without detracting from its elicotiveuess by reason of objectionable features. And by delivering the steam at the peripheral center of the piston and distributing;r it equally in both directions laterally, all end thrust or pressure is avoided.

iii/'hat l claim and desire to secure by Letters-raient et lthe United States is 1. i motor comprisinf1`- a pressure cha-rn ber havingports adapten to deliver expansive luid at ,a high velocity, a rotary piston having a central series of circumferential buckets vfith outlets on each side ot their inlets, concentric series et iis" l and movable vanes, the movable vanes lbeing connected to and moving with the rotary piston and ar ranged in circles ot progressively smaller diameter, detlecting means to conduct the fluid troni the outlet ci the central series or buckets to the inlet ot the radial series of vanes and fixed deflecting means adapted to deflect the fluid inwardly to operate upon said concentric series of vanes.

2. i motor comprisinga casing,1 having a pressure chamber provided with ports adapted to deliver expansive 'iiuid at a high velocity, a rotary piston having a central series oitl circumferential buckets with outlets on each side ot their inlets, circular series ot lined and movable vanes, connected respectively to the casingand to the rotary piston and arranged on each side of the said outlets, lined deliectiug means adapted to defleet inwardly, the expansive fluid from such varies and circular series of ixed and mcvy ing varies arranged concentrically, each within the precedingseries and connected respectively to the casing and to the rotary piston, l

Si. is; motor comprising a ,Casin 'having an annular pressure chamber provi ed With inwardly directed ports adapted to deliver eX- pansive fluid at high velocity, a rotary piston provided With a central series of circumferential buckets having outlets on each side olf their inlets, circumferential varies on each side ci, and arranged in circles ot equal diameter with, said central series et buckets, and venes on the sides of the rotary piston arranged in concentric circles, and series of varies located between the series et pis ton venes.

4i, A turbine piston comprising two dislr members having series of oblique perforations, and au interposed member having radially inclined slots connecting said periforations.

5. A turbine piston comprising two disl` members having series of oblique pertora tions, and an interposed member having radially inclined slots with enlarged inner por1- tions connecting said perforations. f

6. it turbine piston comprising a hub, tivo disk members attached thereto, and dislied to approach each other at their peripheries, a continuous ring interposed between said disk members at their pcripheries, and means rigidly connecting the peripheral portions of the dislr members to each other and to the interposed ring.

7. it turbine for expansive fluid compris ing a casingl vwith an annular pressure chainber provided with a plurality of ports in its inner vvall, a valve ring surrounding such inner wall and having ports, and a rotary piston having a plurality of buckets adapted to receive the expansive fluid from the tired ports, the number of said buckets and of the fixed ports being greater than the nnn'iber ci valve ports.

S, -in a turbine, a plurality of nozzle openings arranged in series, and sleeves iitting in said openings, said sleeves having` ports and the ports opt each series being graduated lie in size, and means for closing said port-s progressively.

9. A turbine comprising a casin with an annular pressure chamber rovi ed with ports in its inner wall, a plston having a central series of buckets around its circumference, the inlets of said buckets being in the plane of the ports aforesaid, and the outlet-s of the buckets leading obliquely outward and backward on each side of the inlets, a valve ring surrounding such inner wall and having ports, and'means for operating said valve ring, comprising rock shafts extending through the walls ofthe casing, operating means connected to said rock shafts, arms carried by said rock shafts, and segment gears on the valve ring, engaging with one another.

10. In a turbine, a casing with an annular pressure chamber, having an annular internal flange in each side, a ring bearing against the flange on one side of the pressure chamber and havin a lateral flange provided with ports, and a ring abutting againstthe aforesaid ring and flange.

1l. A piston for rotary engines consisting of a substantially cylindrical body portion and disks secured to the ends thereof, the body and the disks being each provided with detiector vanes at its periphery and each of the disks being provided with circularly arranged vanes projecting outwardly thereupon.

12. In a rotary engine, a casing, a iston rotatably mounted therein, and radial y and laterally extending vanes, and means for causing the steam to ass first laterally and then radially relative y to the piston.

13. In a rot-ary engine, a casing, a piston rotatably mounted therein and provided with rows of radially and laterally extending vanes, and a shell around the piston, the interior of which is provided with rows of radially and laterally arranged vanes, the rows of the shell alternating with the rows of the piston, and the said casing being provided with inlet and outlet and detiecting means to direct the operating fluid successively against the radially and laterally extending vanes.

14. A rotary piston member adjusted to be actuated by impact of an expansive fluid, a pressure chamber surrounding said piston member and provided with a plurality of port openings adjacent to said piston member, means flor supplying expansive fluid to said pressure chamber, a valve ring provided with a plurality of ports arranged in series, the ports of each series being graduated in size and adapted to close said port openings progressively, and engine-operated governor `means controlling said valve ring.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, this 16th day of July, 1903.

SOLOMON TOWNSEND HOLLY.

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