US9093757B2 - Antenna - Google Patents
Antenna Download PDFInfo
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- US9093757B2 US9093757B2 US13/819,711 US201113819711A US9093757B2 US 9093757 B2 US9093757 B2 US 9093757B2 US 201113819711 A US201113819711 A US 201113819711A US 9093757 B2 US9093757 B2 US 9093757B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compact, multi-resonant frequency circularly polarized antenna.
- Non-Patent Literature 1 A compact multi-frequency antenna with large benefits, with which compactness and light weight are possible with multiple frequencies, is disclosed in Non-Patent Literature 1.
- this antenna is linearly polarized and is not compatible with circularly polarized waves.
- An antenna using ceramics with high dielectric constants is heavy compared to antennas formed by patterning on a printed circuit board, making manufacturing methods complex and expensive and also making thinness difficult to achieve.
- an antenna according to the present invention is an antenna comprising first and second multi-frequency antennas, each comprising:
- a first antenna with multiple resonant frequencies comprising a first input/output terminal, a first antenna conductor, a series circuit of a first inductor and a first capacitor connecting the first input/output terminal and the first antenna conductor, and a second inductor one end of which is connected to the first antenna conductor;
- a second antenna with multiple resonant frequencies comprising a second input/output terminal, a second antenna conductor, a series circuit of a third inductor and a second capacitor connecting the second input/output terminal and the second antenna conductor, and a fourth inductor one end of which is connected to the second antenna conductor and the other end of which is connected to the other end of the second inductor;
- first antenna and the second antenna are positioned substantially mirror-image symmetrically;
- first multi-frequency antenna and the second multi-frequency antenna are positioned so as to intersect substantially orthogonally at a center point, and the other end of the fourth inductor of the first multi-frequency antenna is further connected to the other end of the fourth inductor of the second multi-frequency antenna.
- the multiple resonant frequencies of the first antenna and the multiple resonant frequencies of the second antenna are substantially the same.
- the antenna may further comprise a dielectric board
- first and second input/output terminals and the first and second antenna conductors are formed on one surface of the dielectric board;
- the second and fourth inductors are disposed on the other surface of the dielectric board, and through a via one end of the second inductor is connected to the first antenna conductor and one end of the fourth inductor is connected to the second antenna conductor;
- the first capacitor comprises a portion of the first antenna conductor, a first conductor disposed on the other surface of the dielectric board and opposing the portion of the first antenna conductor, and the dielectric board positioned between the portion of the first antenna conductor and the first conductor;
- the first inductor is disposed on one surface of the dielectric board, one end of the first inductor is connected to the first conductor through a via and the other end of the first inductor is connected to the first input/output terminal;
- the third inductor is disposed on one surface of the dielectric board, one end of the third inductor is connected to the second conductor through a via and the other end of the third inductor is connected to the second input/output terminal.
- the antenna my further comprise:
- a first signal source one end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna;
- a second signal source one end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna;
- the signal generated by the first signal source and the signal generated by the second signal source have the same amplitude and have a phase difference of ⁇ /2.
- the antenna may be such that:
- the first input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the first input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna are connected and form one input/output terminal
- the second input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the second input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna are connected and form one input/output terminal
- the antenna further comprises a signal source one end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna;
- the inductance of the first through fourth inductors and the capacitance of the first and second capacitors are adjusted so that radio waves emitted from the first multi-frequency antenna and radio waves emitted from the second multi-frequency antenna have the same amplitude and the phase difference becomes ⁇ /2.
- the antenna may further comprise:
- a first switching element one end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna;
- a second switching element one end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna;
- a third switching element one end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna;
- a fourth switching element one end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the second multi-frequency antenna;
- a signal source one end of which is connected to the first input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna and the other end of which is connected to the second input/output terminal of the first multi-frequency antenna;
- the inductance of the first through fourth inductors and the capacitance of the first and second capacitors are adjusted so that radio waves emitted from the first multi-frequency antenna and radio waves emitted from the second multi-frequency antenna have the same amplitude and the phase difference becomes ⁇ /2.
- FIG. 1 is a planar view of a multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is an oblique view of a multi-frequency antenna configuring the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-frequency antenna configuring the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a drawing showing a portion of an equivalent circuit of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 is a drawing showing an equivalent circuit of a multi-frequency antenna configuring the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the entirety of an equivalent circuit of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 8A is an enlarged view of an input/output terminal portion showing the transmission-time composition of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of an input/output terminal portion showing the reception-time composition of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 9 is a planar view of a multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 11 is a drawing showing an equivalent circuit of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 12 is a drawing showing an equivalent circuit of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 13A is an enlarged view of an input/output terminal portion showing the transmission-time composition of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 13B is an enlarged view of an input/output terminal portion showing the reception-time composition of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 14 is a planar view of a variation of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 15 is a bottom view of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 14 ;
- FIG. 16 is a planar view of a multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17A is an enlarged view of an input/output terminal portion of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 16 ;
- FIG. 17B is an enlarged view of an input/output terminal portion of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 16 .
- the composition of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 according to the first preferred embodiment is described with reference to FIGS. 1-8 .
- the x-, y- and z-axes in the drawings show directions common in all of the drawings.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 comprises a multi-frequency antenna 900 and a multi-frequency antenna 901 .
- the multi-frequency antenna 900 and the multi-frequency antenna 901 have the same composition, and the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 is configured such that the multi-frequency antenna 900 and the multi-frequency antenna 901 are connected substantially orthogonally at a center point 199 .
- shunt-inductor conductors 170 and 270 of the multi-frequency antenna 900 and shunt-inductor conductors 370 and 470 of the multi-frequency antenna 901 are connected substantially orthogonally at the center point 199 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the shunt-inductor conductors 170 , 270 , 370 and 470 are described below.
- the composition of the multi-frequency antenna 900 and the multi-frequency antenna 901 configuring the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 is explained next.
- the multi-frequency antenna 900 and the multi-frequency antenna 901 have the same composition, so components of the multi-frequency antenna 901 are noted in parentheses.
- the multi-frequency antenna 900 ( 901 ) comprises a substrate 99 and multi-frequency antennas 101 and 102 ( 103 and 104 ), as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the substrate 99 is a board-like dielectric and is composed for example of a glass epoxy substrate (FR4).
- the multi-frequency antenna 101 ( 103 ) and the multi-frequency antenna 102 ( 104 ) have the same composition and are arranged on the substrate 99 substantially mirror-image symmetrically so that the main transmission directions of the electromagnetic waves each radiate is the same direction.
- the multi-frequency antennas 101 and 102 ( 103 and 104 ) comprise input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ), antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ), vias 130 , 150 a , 150 b , 230 , 250 a , 250 b ( 330 , 350 a , 350 b , 430 , 450 a , 450 b ), via conductors 150 and 250 ( 350 and 450 ), series-inductor conductors 140 and 240 ( 340 and 440 ), series-capacitor conductors 160 a , 160 b , 260 a and 260 b ( 360 a , 360 b , 460 a and 460 b
- the input/output terminals 110 and 210 are formed close to the very center of one main surface of the substrate 99 , with one end thereof connected to the other end of the series-inductor conductors 140 and 240 ( 340 and 440 ).
- a pair of unrepresented feeder lines are connected to the input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ) and supply differential signals.
- the input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ) function as power supply points.
- the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ) comprise a conductor in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid with the bottom edge being longer than the top edge, and a semicircular conductor connected to the bottom edge of that isosceles trapezoid.
- the antenna element 120 ( 320 ) and the antenna element 220 ( 420 ) are arranged on one main surface of the substrate 99 so that the top edge of the isosceles trapezoid of each are mutually opposing.
- the vias 130 and 230 are formed passing through substantially the intersection of the two diagonal lines of the isosceles trapezoid configuring the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ), from one main surface of the substrate 99 to the other main surface.
- the inside of the vias 130 and 230 ( 330 and 430 ) are filled with a conductor one end of which is connected to the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ).
- Via conductors 150 and 250 are positioned on one main surface of the substrate 99 .
- the via conductors 150 and 250 are connected to the series-capacitor conductors 160 a and 160 b , and 260 a and 260 b ( 360 a and 360 b , and 460 a and 460 b ), by means of two vias 150 a and 150 b , and 250 a and 250 b ( 350 a and 35 b , and 450 a and 450 b ), formed passing from one main surface of the substrate 99 to the other main surface.
- the series-inductor conductors 140 and 240 ( 340 and 440 ) comprise line conductors, are formed on one main surface of the substrate 99 and one end thereof is connected to the via conductors 150 and 250 ( 350 and 450 ).
- the series-capacitor conductor 160 a ( 360 a ) and the series-capacitor conductor 160 b ( 360 b ) are positioned facing one part of the antenna element 120 ( 320 ) on the other main surface of the substrate 99 so that the shunt-inductor capacitor 170 ( 370 ) is interposed in between.
- a series capacitor connected in series to the antenna element 120 ( 320 ) is formed of the opposing parts of the series-capacitor conductors 160 a and 160 b ( 360 a and 360 b ) and part of the antenna element 120 ( 320 ), and the part of the substrate 99 positioned there-between.
- series-capacitor conductor 260 a ( 460 a ) and series-capacitor conductor 260 b ( 460 b ) are positioned facing one part of the antenna element 220 ( 420 ) on the other main surface of the substrate 99 so that the shunt-inductor capacitor 270 ( 470 ) is interposed in between.
- a series capacitor connected in series to the antenna element 220 ( 420 ) is formed of the opposing parts of the series-capacitor conductors 260 a and 260 b ( 460 a and 460 b ) and part of the antenna element 220 ( 420 ), and the part of the substrate 99 positioned there-between.
- the shunt-inductor conductors 170 and 270 comprise line conductors and extend on the other main surface of the substrate 99 , and one end is connected to the other end of the vias 130 and 230 ( 330 and 430 ).
- the other ends of the shunt-inductor conductors 170 and 270 ( 370 and 470 ) are mutually connected at the center point 199 substantially in the center of the other main surface of the substrate 99 . That is to say, the multi-frequency antenna 101 ( 103 ) and the multi-frequency antenna 102 ( 104 ) are mutually connected at the center point 199 .
- the multi-frequency antenna 900 ( 901 ) emits a transmission signal supplied between the input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ) into space as radio waves, and converts received radio waves into electrical signals and transmits such to a feeder line from the input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ).
- the multi-frequency antenna 900 ( 901 ) having the above-described composition is produced for example by opening vias 130 , 150 a , 150 b , 230 , 250 a and 250 b ( 330 , 350 a , 350 b , 430 , 450 a and 450 b ) in the substrate 99 , filling these openings with plating and/or the like, then attaching copper foil to both surfaces of the substrate 99 and patterning the copper foil through PEP (optical etching method) and/or the like.
- PEP optical etching method
- the electrical composition of the multi-frequency antennas 101 and 102 ( 103 and 104 ) configuring the multi-frequency antenna 900 ( 901 ) having the above-described physical composition is expressed by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 5 .
- the multi-frequency antennas 101 and 102 electrically comprise a series inductor Lser, a series capacitor Cser, an equivalent circuit ANT of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ), a shunt inductor Lsh, an equivalent circuit ANTs of the bond with space, the input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ), and a connection point 198 ( 398 ).
- the series inductor Lser corresponds to the inductance of the series-inductor conductors 140 and 240 ( 340 and 440 ), and the shunt-inductor Lsh corresponds to the inductance of the shunt-inductor conductors 170 and 270 ( 370 and 470 ).
- the series capacitor Cser corresponds to the series capacitor formed by the series-capacitor conductors 160 a , 160 b , 260 a and 260 b and/or the like ( 360 a , 360 b , 460 a , 460 b and/or the like).
- the equivalent circuit ANT of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ) is a circuit expressing the input inductance with a right-hand line, and the comprises an inductor L 1 ant, an inductor L 2 ant and a capacitor Cant.
- the inductance of the inductor L 1 ant, the inductance of the inductor L 2 ant and the capacitance of the capacitor Cant in the equivalent circuit ANT of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ) are substantially dependent on the size and shape of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ), and are substantially determined when the size and shape of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ) are determined
- the equivalent circuit ANTs of the bond with space is dependent on the shape and size of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ) and is a circuit expressing the impedance through the bond between space and the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ).
- the equivalent circuit ANTs of the bond with space comprises a capacitor Cs, a standard impedance Rs and an inductor Ls.
- One end of the series circuit of the series inductor Lser and the series capacitor Cser is connected to the input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ).
- the other end of the series circuit of the series inductor Lser and the series capacitor Cser is connected to one end of the inductor L 1 ant configuring the equivalent circuit ANT of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ).
- the other end of the inductor L 1 ant is connected to one end of the capacitor Cant and one end of the inductor L 2 ant.
- the other end of the capacitor Cant is connected to the connection point 198 ( 398 ).
- One end of the shunt inductor Lsh is connected to the other end of the inductor L 2 ant.
- the other end of the shunt inductor Lsh is connected to the connection point 198 ( 398 ).
- One end of the capacitor Cs of the equivalent circuit ANTs of the bond with space is connected to the other end of the inductor L 2 ant and one end of the shunt inductor Lsh.
- the other end of the capacitor Cs is connected to one end of the inductor Ls and one end of the standard impedance Rs.
- the other end of the inductor Ls and the other end of the standard impedance Rs are connected to the connection point 198 ( 398 ).
- the value of the standard impedance Rs in the equivalent circuit ANTs of the bond with space is dependent on the size and shape of the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ).
- the value of this standard impedance Rs is equivalent to the actual amount of impedance expressing the ratio of the impressed voltage and the flowing electric current when a voltage of the target frequency is impressed on the power supply point.
- the inductance of the inductor Ls and the capacitance of the capacitor Cs in the equivalent circuit ANTs of the bond with space are dependent on the standard impedance Rs and the radius of a sphere containing the antenna elements 120 and 220 ( 320 and 420 ), and can be expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).
- Cs a /( c ⁇ Rs ) (1)
- Ls ( a ⁇ Rs )/ c (2)
- Cs is the capacitance [F] of the capacitor Cs
- Ls is the inductance [H] of the inductor Ls
- Rs is the resistance [ ⁇ ] of the standard impedance Rs
- a is the radius [m] of a sphere containing the antenna elements
- c is the speed of light [m/s].
- the multi-frequency antennas 101 and 102 are mutually connected by the connection point 198 ( 398 ) and configure the multi-frequency antenna 900 ( 901 ).
- the electrical composition of the multi-frequency antenna 900 ( 901 ) is expressed by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 6 .
- a pair of unrepresented feeder lines is connected to the input/output terminals 110 and 210 ( 310 and 410 ).
- the above is the composition of the multi-frequency antennas 900 and 901 configuring the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 .
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 is configured such that the shunt-inductor conductors 170 and 270 of the multi-frequency antenna 900 and the shunt-inductor conductors 370 and 470 of the multi-frequency antenna 901 are connected so as to be roughly orthogonal at the center point 199 of each antenna, as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the electrical composition of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 is expressed by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 7 .
- the patterns of the shunt-inductor conductors 170 , 270 , 370 and 470 , the series-capacitor conductors 160 a , 160 b , 260 a , 260 b , 360 a , 360 b , 460 a and 460 b and the series-inductor conductors 140 , 240 , 340 and 440 are adjusted so that imaginary part of the input impedance becomes 0 and the real part becomes 50 ⁇ .
- the capacitance of the various capacitor and the inductance of the various inductors of the equivalent circuit ANTs for the bond with space of the antenna elements 120 , 220 , 320 and 420 can be found from the above-described equations (1) and (2).
- the various patterns are adjusted so that the imaginary part of the input impedance becomes 0 and the real part becomes 50 ⁇ at the two frequencies 2.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz.
- the input/output terminals 110 , 210 , 310 and 410 of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 are connected to signal sources 1 or 2 via feeder lines, as shown in FIG. 8A .
- the input/output terminals 110 , 210 , 310 and 410 are connected to amplifiers 50 via feeder lines, as shown in FIG. 8B .
- the amplifiers 50 comprise op amps (operational amplifier) and/or the like, for example.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 when transmitting emits a transmission signal supplied between the input/output terminals 110 , 210 , 310 and 410 as radio waves to space, and when receiving converts radio waves received into electrical signals and transmits such to feeder lines from the input/output terminals 110 , 210 , 310 and 410 .
- this signal is supplied to the input/output terminals 110 and 210 , which are a pair. Similarly, this signal is supplied to the input/output terminals 310 and 410 , which are a pair.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 emits to space linearly polarized waves or elliptically polarized waves in accordance with the phase difference between the signal supplied to the input/output terminals 110 and 210 and the signal supplied to the input/output terminals 310 and 410 .
- the linearly polarized waves emitted by the multi-frequency antennas 900 and 901 are also in-phase. Because the two orthogonal linearly polarized waves are in-phase, the composite wave is also linear. Accordingly, the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 emits a linearly polarized wave.
- the same phase difference occurs in the linearly polarized wave emitted by the multi-frequency antennas 900 and 901 . Because there is a phase difference between the two orthogonal linearly polarized waves, the composite wave becomes an elliptically polarized wave. Accordingly, the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 emits an elliptically polarized wave.
- the phase difference between the signal supplied to the input/output terminals 110 and 210 and the signal supplied to the input/output terminals 310 and 410 is ⁇ /2 (the phase ⁇ of the carrier wave in FIG. 8A is ⁇ /2) and the amplitude of these signals is equal
- the phase difference between the two orthogonal linearly polarized waves emitted by the multi-frequency antennas 900 and 901 is ⁇ /2. Consequently, the composite wave thereof is a circularly polarized wave and the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 emits a circularly polarized wave.
- the action of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 when receiving is described next.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 converts the radio waves received into an electrical signal and conveys such to the amplifiers 50 via feeder lines from the input/output terminals 110 and 210 , which are a pair.
- an electrical signal is conveyed to the amplifiers 50 via feeder lines from the input/output terminals 310 and 410 , which are also a pair
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 As described above, at 2.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz the imaginary part of the input impedance becomes 0, and the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 resonates at those frequencies and the gain becomes larger. Accordingly, at the two frequencies of 2.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz, the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 functions as a multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna that can obtain sufficient gain.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described first preferred embodiment, for various variations and applications are possible.
- an example was disclosed in which resonance occurred and gain increased in two frequency ranges, near 2.5 GHz and near 5.2 GHz, but this is intended to be illustrative and not limiting.
- the element number of the equivalent circuit ANTs of the bond with space and the equivalent circuit ANT of the antenna elements 120 , 220 , 320 and 420 are automatically determined by the size of the antenna elements 120 , 220 , 320 and 420 . Consequently, it is possible to obtain sufficient gain in arbitrary multiple frequency ranges by appropriately setting the inductance of the shunt-inductor Lsh, the capacitance of the series capacitor Cser and the inductance of the series inductor Lser so that resonant points occur near the multiple frequencies targeted, taking into consideration the various element numbers determined by the size of the antenna elements 120 , 220 , 320 and 420 .
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 emitted circularly polarized waves by supplying signals with a phase difference of ⁇ /2 to two input terminal pairs.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 according to this preferred embodiment emits circularly polarized waves by means of one input terminal pair by causing a phase difference of ⁇ /2 without adding a new circuit for controlling phase through a phase line, by adjusting the value of the convergent constant component positioned in the antenna itself.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 according to the second preferred embodiment is described.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 is such that one input/output terminal 190 is configured by the input/output terminals 110 and 310 of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 according to the first preferred embodiment being connected, and similarly, one input/output terminal 290 is configured by the input/output terminals 210 and 410 of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 according to the first preferred embodiment being connected.
- Other compositions are the same as in the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 according to the first preferred embodiment.
- the electrical composition of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 is expressed by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 11 .
- the input/output terminal 190 and the input/output terminal 290 are connected to a signal source via feeder lines, as shown in FIG. 13A .
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 emits circularly polarized waves by signals being supplied to the input/output terminals 190 and 290 from this signal source.
- the input/output terminals 190 and 290 are connected to an amplifier 50 , as shown in FIG. 13B .
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 converts received circularly polarized waves into electrical signals and conveys the electrical signals to the amplifier 50 from the input/output terminals 190 and 290 .
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 combines signals provided to the pair of input/output terminals comprising the input/output terminal 190 and the input/output terminal 290 inside the antenna and generates a phase difference ⁇ /2. Consequently, the value of the convergent constant component of the shunt inductor Lsh, the series capacitor Cser and the series inductor Lser in the antenna conductor of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 are adjusted.
- the value of the convergent constant component is adjusted as follows.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 is expressed by the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 12 because the input side is short-circuited.
- the terminals of Y1 are taken to be terminal 1 and terminal 2
- I 2 Y 21 V 1 +Y 22
- V 4 I 4 Y 43 V 3 +Y 44 V 4
- the Y matrix becomes as follows.
- An S parameter for causing the phase difference of ⁇ /2 that is a condition of circularly polarized waves to be generated inside the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 can be expressed as below.
- the value of the convergent constant component of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 is adjusted so that the above-described equations 3 and 4 match.
- the signals given to the input/output terminals 190 and 290 of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 are combined as radio waves by the antenna internally and are emitted as a dextrorotatory polarized waves.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described second preferred embodiment, for various variations and applications are possible.
- the input/output terminals 190 and 290 are configured by connecting the input/output terminals 110 and 310 , and the input/output terminals 210 and 410 , of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 of the above-described first preferred embodiment, but this is intended to be illustrative and not limiting.
- the input/output terminals 190 and 290 may be configured by connecting the input/output terminals 110 and 410 , and the input/output terminals 210 and 310 , of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 of the above-described first preferred embodiment.
- the signal given to the input/output terminals 190 and 290 of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 are combined as radio waves inside the antenna and emitted as levorotatory polarized waves.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 is configured in a roughly cross shape, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 , but this is intended to be illustrative and not limiting.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 may not configured in a cross shape if one of the adjacent input/output terminals is connected, for example as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 .
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 200 emits dextrorotatory polarized waves or levorotatory polarized waves by signals being supplied to one input/output terminal pair.
- a multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 switches the rotation direction of the circularly polarized waves through a switching action by providing a switching element between the input/output terminals of the above-described first multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 .
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 according to the third preferred embodiment is described.
- the value of the convergent constant component of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 is adjusted the same as in the second preferred embodiment.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 is provided with switching elements 390 that alternatively connect adjacent input/output terminals of the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 100 according to the first preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16 .
- the switching elements 390 comprise semiconductor switches and/or the like and turn on and off in accordance with control signals transmitted from outside.
- the switching elements 390 act so that when the input/output terminals are connected and one switching element 390 between adjacent input/output terminals is on, the switching element 390 between the other adjacent input/output terminals is off.
- the switching element 390 connected between the input/output terminal 110 and the input/output terminal 310 when the switching element 390 connected between the input/output terminal 110 and the input/output terminal 310 is on (displayed by solid lines), the switching element 390 connected between the input/output terminal 110 and the input/output terminal 410 is off (displayed by broken lines). Similarly, when the switching element 390 connected between the input/output terminal 210 and the input/output terminal 410 is on, the switching element 390 connected between the input/output terminal 210 and the input/output terminal 310 is off.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 emits circularly polarized waves with dextrorotatory polarization the same as in the above-described second preferred embodiment.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 emits circularly polarized waves with levorotatory polarization.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 can switch the rotation direction of the circularly polarized waves by the switching elements 390 being on or off.
- the multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna 300 becomes a circularly polarized antenna capable of both left and right rotation directions, thereby being usable without being limited by geographical area and/or the like.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described first through third preferred embodiments, for various variations and applications are possible.
- the pattern positioned on one main surface of the substrate 99 and the pattern positioned on the other main surface are connected by vias.
- these may be connected by capacitance bonds or inductive bonds rather than vias.
- the inductors and conductors and/or the like comprise lines (circuit patterns), but for example it would be fine for some or all of the inductors and conductors and/or the like to comprise chip components and/or the like.
- the circuits were positioned on one of the main surfaces of the substrate and the other main surface, but these may be positioned on only one main surface.
- the antenna of the present invention can be used in the industrial field of wireless communications.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Non-Patent Literature 1: Akira SAITOU, Yuuya HOSHINO, Yutaka AOKI, and Kazuhiko HONJO, “Basic study on improvement of pattern orthogonality for dual-band MIMO antennas”, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, IEICE Technical Report (2009-09)
Cs=a/(c×Rs) (1)
Ls=(a×Rs)/c (2)
I1=Y11V1+Y12V2
I2=Y21V1+Y22V2
I3=Y33V3+Y34V4
I4=Y43V3+Y44V4
V1=V3=0
I0=I1+I3.
-
- 100, 200, 300 Multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna
- 101, 102, 103, 104, 900, 901 Multi-frequency antenna
- 99 Substrate
- 110, 210, 310, 410, 190, 290 Input/output elements
- 120, 220, 320, 420 Antenna elements
- 130, 150 a, 150 b, 230, 250 a, 250 b, 330, 350 a, 350 b, 430, 450 a, 450 b Vias
- 150, 250, 350, 450 Via conductors
- 140, 240, 340, 440 Series-inductor conductors
- 160 a, 160 b, 260 a, 260 b, 360 a, 360 b, 460 a, 460 b Series-capacitor conductors
- 170, 270, 370, 470 Shunt-inductor conductors
- 198, 398 Connection points
- 199 Center point
- 390 Switching elements
- 50 Amplifiers
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010193530A JP5252513B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2010-08-31 | Multi-frequency circularly polarized antenna |
JP2010-193530 | 2010-08-31 | ||
PCT/JP2011/069623 WO2012029793A1 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-30 | Antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20130169506A1 US20130169506A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
US9093757B2 true US9093757B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/819,711 Active 2032-08-22 US9093757B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-30 | Antenna |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US9093757B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5252513B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101441832B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103081226B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012029793A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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JP2016015712A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-01-28 | 日本電波工業株式会社 | Orthogonal polarization transmission device, orthogonal polarization reception device, and radio communication device |
CN104134850B (en) * | 2014-07-06 | 2016-06-01 | 佛山市迪隆通信设备有限公司 | Dual polarization antenna |
CN107275804B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2022-03-04 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Multi-band antenna array with Common Mode Resonance (CMR) and Differential Mode Resonance (DMR) removal |
KR101803204B1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-11-29 | 홍익대학교 산학협력단 | Dual band circulary polarized antenna based on meta-structure |
CN106785364B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-05-03 | 常熟市泓博通讯技术股份有限公司 | Built-in beam selection antenna system |
TWI682585B (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-01-11 | 和碩聯合科技股份有限公司 | Antenna device |
KR20210092696A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Antenna module comprising floating radiator in communication system and electronic apparatus comprising the same |
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- 2010-08-31 JP JP2010193530A patent/JP5252513B2/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-08-30 WO PCT/JP2011/069623 patent/WO2012029793A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-30 CN CN201180041954.1A patent/CN103081226B/en active Active
- 2011-08-30 KR KR1020137007892A patent/KR101441832B1/en active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2012054651A (en) | 2012-03-15 |
KR101441832B1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
US20130169506A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
JP5252513B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
WO2012029793A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
KR20130048791A (en) | 2013-05-10 |
CN103081226B (en) | 2015-05-13 |
CN103081226A (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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