US8958766B2 - Electronic device comprising an operating mode switching unit - Google Patents

Electronic device comprising an operating mode switching unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US8958766B2
US8958766B2 US13/740,435 US201313740435A US8958766B2 US 8958766 B2 US8958766 B2 US 8958766B2 US 201313740435 A US201313740435 A US 201313740435A US 8958766 B2 US8958766 B2 US 8958766B2
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electronic appliance
detection device
rectifier circuit
circuit
signal
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US20130130636A1 (en
Inventor
Tolgay Ungan
Gerd Ulrich Gamm
Leonhard Michael Reindl
Thomas Ostertag
Matthias Sippel
Thomas Wendt
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Endiio Engineering GmbH
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SMARTEXERGY WMS GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H04W52/0235—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal where the received signal is a power saving command
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic appliance having an electrical circuit and an operating mode switching device which is associated with the latter and which can be used to wake the circuit from a quiescent state into an operating state in which the current draw of the circuit is greater than in the quiescent state, having a receiver for receiving a radio signal which has a carrier which has been subjected to amplitude modulation with a modulation signal, wherein the receiver has a UHF antenna which is connected to an input of a passive rectifier circuit via a passive impedance converter stage, wherein an output of the rectifier circuit is connected to a detection device for the modulation signal, and wherein the operating mode switching device has a control connection to the detection device for the purpose of waking the electrical circuit which is in the quiescent state.
  • An electronic appliance of this kind which is in the form of a battery-operated radio sensor node for a wireless sensor network and has a transceiver as an electrical circuit is known from Bas van der Doom et al. “A prototype low-cost wakeup radio for the 868 MHz band”, Int. J. Sensors Networks, vol. 5, no. 1, 2009, pages 22-32.
  • Such an electronic appliance can easily be used to transmit data without complex wiring.
  • a drawback in this case, however, is that the battery of the appliance has only a limited life. Networks in which the batteries in the appliances need to be replaced every month give rise to more costs in the long run than the one-off investment for the wiring of a corresponding wired network. This is the case particularly when the appliances are used at locations which can be accessed only with difficulty.
  • the electrical circuit of the previously known appliance can be put into a quiescent state and an operating state by means of an operating mode switching device.
  • the power draw is reduced in comparison with the operating state.
  • this can be achieved by disconnecting portions of the circuit in the quiescent state.
  • What is known as waking the appliance takes place wirelessly using a radio signal which is emitted by a base station, for example.
  • Said radio signal has a carrier in the 868 MHz band which has been subjected to OOK (on-off keying) amplitude modulation with a 125 kHz modulation signal.
  • OOK on-off keying
  • the OOK amplitude modulation involves the carrier being periodically switched on and off at a rate of 862 Hz. Since the carrier is in the UHF band, the appliance can be woken over a relatively long distance.
  • the appliance In order to receive the radio signal, the appliance has a receiver which has a UHF antenna which is connected to an input of a passive rectifier circuit via a passive impedance converter stage.
  • the output of the rectifier circuit is connected to an interrupt input of a microcontroller via an operational amplifier, said microcontroller serving as a detection device for the modulation signal or the wakeup signal.
  • the microcontroller is connected to an interrupt input of a microcomputer which controls the transceiver. Upon detection of the modulation signal, the microcomputer is woken via the interrupt input.
  • the appliance still has a relatively high current draw even in the quiescent state.
  • the operational amplifier which needs to be in constant operation even in the quiescent state so that the appliance can be woken at any time, requires a relatively large amount of power.
  • This object is achieved in that for the purpose of matching the output impedance of the rectifier circuit to the input impedance of the detection device the output of the rectifier circuit and the detection device have a passive filter arranged between them which passes the modulation signal, and in that the filter and/or the filter stage has/have an LC resonant circuit having a quartz oscillator and/or a microacoustic resonator.
  • the LC resonant circuit is dimensioned such that, the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator is/are operated between its/their series resonant frequency and its/their parallel resonant frequency, i.e. in the case of the filter stage the carrier frequency is between the series resonant frequency and the parallel resonant frequency of the LC resonant circuit and/or in the case of the filter the modulation frequency is between the series resonant frequency and the parallel resonant frequency of the LC resonant circuit.
  • the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator is/are used as a high-quality inductance.
  • the filter stage having the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator transforms the antenna impedance at high quality into the input impedance of the rectifier circuit or the passive filter having the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator transforms the output impedance of the rectifier circuit into the input impedance of the detection device.
  • the passive filter is dimensioned such that in the frequency range of the modulation signal the output impedance of the filter connected to the UHF antenna via the rectifier circuit is closer to the input impedance of the detection device than the output impedance of the rectifier circuit.
  • the frequency response of the filter is chosen such that the filter passes the frequency range of the modulation signal and that frequencies outside this frequency range are attenuated.
  • noise and interference signals such as mobile radio signals
  • a quart oscillator having a resonant frequency of 32,768 Hz is used, which is also used in quartz docks and is therefore available inexpensively in large numbers.
  • filter passes a modulation signal, the frequency or frequency range of which is between 10 kHz and 1.3 MHz, particularly above 30 kHz and preferably above 100 kHz.
  • the passive filter then allows compact dimensions. Since the switching losses of the detection device are roughly proportional to the frequency, the detection device can be operated in power-saving fashion at these relatively low frequencies. Since the radio signal in a relatively high frequency range, namely in the UHF range, the low power draw by the detection device is combined with the advantage of a long radio range. Furthermore, compact dimensions are obtained for the antenna.
  • the LC resonant circuit has a capacitance which is connected in series with the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator in a current path which connects the UHF antenna to a connection for a constant potential, wherein the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator and the capacitance are connected to a node which is connected to the input of the rectifier circuit.
  • the quartz oscillator or the microacoustic resonator can connect the antenna to the input of the rectifier circuit and the capacitance can connect the input of the rectifier circuit to the connection for the constant potential.
  • an inverted arrangement is possible, in which the capacitance connects the antenna to the input of the rectifier circuit and the quartz oscillator or the microacoustic resonator connects the input of the rectifier circuit to the connection for the constant potential.
  • the LC resonant circuit has a capacitance which is connected in series with the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator in a current path which connects the output of the rectifier circuit to a connection for a constant potential, wherein the quartz oscillator and/or the microacoustic resonator and the capacitance are connected to a node which is connected to the input, of the detection device.
  • the quartz oscillator or the microacoustic resonator can connect the output of the rectifier circuit to the input of the detection device and the capacitance can connect the input of the detection device to the connection for the constant potential.
  • the capacitance connects the output of the rectifier circuit, to the input of the detection device and the quartz oscillator or the microacoustic resonator connects the input of the detection device to the connection for the constant potential.
  • the LC resonant circuit is a series resonant circuit which is arranged in a current path which connects the UHF antenna to the passive rectifier circuit.
  • the resonator formed by the antenna and the resonator formed by the LC resonant circuit are coupled to one another. This measure also allows the signal applied to the antenna to be coupled into the detection device with no loss at a relatively high power.
  • the current path which connects the UHF antenna to the passive rectifier circuit contains a switching apparatus which can be used to periodically interrupt this current path. This allows even better transformation of the antenna impedance into the input impedance of the detection device.
  • the carrier signal has a modulation signal which is modulated with an information signal
  • the detection device has a demodulation device for demodulating the information signal
  • the detection device has a correlation device for comparing the information signal with a predetermined address signal that is associated with the electronic appliance, and wherein the correlation device has a control connection to the operating mode switching device such that the electrical circuit is woken only when the data signal matches the address signal.
  • this allows a single appliance or a group of appliances in a network which comprises a plurality of the electronic appliances according to the invention to be woken in targeted fashion using the radio signal. In this case, the remainder of the appliances in the network can remain in the quiescent state.
  • the demodulation device and the correlation device are preferably integrated in what is known as a wakeup receiver.
  • a wakeup receiver it is even possible for a commercially available wakeup receiver to be used which is also used in radio frequency identification systems, for example in motor vehicles.
  • radio frequency identification systems for example in motor vehicles.
  • identification systems are also known by the name “convenient access” or “keyless go”.
  • the appliance is in the form of a radio node in which the electrical circuit has a UHF transceiver that is connected to the UHF antenna.
  • a base station or an appropriate further appliance can then send and/or receive information to and/or from the appliance cited first at a relatively high data rate in the UHF band. In this case, it is even possible for the appliance to emit the information again, and forward it to another appliance, when said information has been received.
  • the electrical circuit has a microcomputer. This may be connected to at least one sensor and/or an actuator. When the electronic appliance has been woken, data captured using the sensor can then be transmitted to another appliance and/or a base station using the radio signal. In addition, it is possible to transmit information for controlling the actuator, such as switch-on/off commands, to the microcomputer using the radio signal and to control the actuator on the basis of the information using an operating program running on the microcomputer.
  • the UHF antenna can be selectively or alternately connected to the UHF transceiver and the passive filter stage by means of a switching device, wherein the switching device has a control connection to the detection device such that the.
  • UHF antenna is connected to the passive filter stage in the quiescent state of the electrical circuit and to the UHF transceiver in the operating state.
  • the UHF antenna is thus connected to the passive filter stage only the quiescent state. This prevents radio signals that are applied to the UHF antenna by the UHF transceiver from being able to reach the passive filter stage and hence the detection device of the appliance. Hence, the power dray by the appliance is additionally reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an electronic appliance which is connected to a base station via a UHF radio link
  • FIGS. 2 to 7 show circuit diagrams of receivers for receiving a modulation signal that has been amplitude modulated onto a radio signal, said receivers having a rectifier circuit which has a passive filter for matching its output impedance to the input impedance of a detection device.
  • An electronic appliance 1 which is in the form of a radio sensor node and which is denoted by 1 as a whole in FIG. 1 has an active electrical circuit which has a microcomputer 2 and a UHF transceiver 3 .
  • an energy store 4 is provided, which may be a battery, a storage battery or a capacitor, for example.
  • the electrical circuit has an associated operating mode switching device ( 18 ), which is not shown in more detail in the drawings, which can be used to put the circuit into a quiescent state and into an operating state. In order to save power, the current draw by the circuit is reduced in the quiescent state in comparison with the operating state.
  • an operating mode switching device 18
  • the electronic appliance 1 has a receiver for receiving a radio signal emitted by a base station 5 or another appliance 1 .
  • the radio signal has a UHF carrier which has been subjected to amplitude modulation with an approximately square-wave modulation signal.
  • the carrier frequency of the carrier is approximately 868 MHz.
  • the modulation signal has a carrier signal of 125 kHz, which has been subjected to OOK modulation with a digital information signal.
  • FIG. 2 reveals that the receiver has a UHF antenna 6 which is connected to an input of a passive rectifier circuit 8 via a passive filter stage 7 .
  • the passive filter stage 7 is used to match the impedance of the UHF antenna 6 to the input impedance of the rectifier circuit 8 .
  • the filter stage 7 has an output impedance of approximately 50 ohms.
  • the output impedance of the passive filter stage 7 is matched to the input impedance of the Schottky diodes in the rectifier circuit 8 and is in the kiloohm range at low input powers.
  • the output of the rectifier circuit 8 is connected to an input of a passive filter 9 , see FIG. 2 .
  • the passive filter stage 7 has a parallel resonant circuit 10 which has first connection connected to the UHF antenna 6 , and additionally, via a coupling capacitor 11 to an input of the rectifier circuit 8 .
  • a second connection of the passive filter stage 7 is connected to a ground potential connection.
  • the passive filter 9 has a quartz oscillator 12 .
  • a first connection of the quartz oscillator 12 is connected to the ground potential connection and a second connection is connected via a capacitance 13 to a first connection of a Schottky diode which forms the rectifier circuit 8 .
  • a second connection of the Schottky diode is at ground potential.
  • Connected in parallel with the Schottky diode is an impedance 14 .
  • the LC resonant circuit is a respective series resonant circuit in which the quartz oscillator 12 and the capacitance 13 are connected in series in a current path which connects the output of the rectifier circuit 8 to the ground connection.
  • the quartz oscillator 12 has a first connection connected at the output of the rectifier circuit 8 and has a second connection connected to a node 15 . Connected to the node 15 are the input of a detection device 16 and a first electrode of the capacitance 13 . A second electrode of the capacitance 13 is connected to the ground connection.
  • the first electrode of the capacitance 13 is connected to the output of the rectifier circuit 8 and the second electrode is connected to the node 15 .
  • the quartz oscillator 12 has its first connection connected to the node 15 and also to the input of the detection device 16 and has its second connection connected to the ground connection. In FIG. 4 , the quartz oscillator 12 and the capacitor 13 are thus interchanged in comparison with FIG. 3 .
  • the detection device 16 has a wakeup receiver of type AS3932 from the manufacturer austriamicrosystems. In order to wake the electrical circuit which is in the quiescent state, the detection device 16 has a control connection to the operating made switching device.
  • the detection device 16 has a demodulation device—not shown in more detail in the drawings—for demodulating the OOK information signal that has been modulated onto the 125 kHz carrier signal.
  • the demodulation device can be used to provide the information signal as a digital signal in the detection device 16 .
  • the demodulation device is connected to a correlation device which is used to compare the information signal with a predetermined address signal that is explicitly associated with the electronic appliance 1 .
  • the address signal may be stored in a nonvolatile data memory, for example, from which it can be loaded into the correlation device.
  • the correlation device has a control connection to the operating mode switching device such that the electrical circuit is woken only when the data signal matches the address signal.
  • the LC resonant circuit is a respective series resonant circuit in which the quartz. oscillator 12 and the capacitance 13 are connected in series in a current path which connects the antenna 6 to the ground connection.
  • the quartz oscillator 12 has a first connection connected to the antenna 6 and has a second connection connected to a node 17 which is connected to the input of the rectifier circuit 8 .
  • the first electrode of the capacitance 13 is connected at the node 17 and the second electrode is connected to the ground connection.
  • the first electrode of the capacitance 13 is connected to the antenna 6 and the second electrode is connected to the node 17 .
  • the quartz oscillator 12 has its first connection connected to the node 17 and to the input of the rectifier circuit 8 and has its second connection connected to the ground connection. In FIG. 6 , the quartz oscillator 12 and the capacitor 13 are thus interchanged in comparison with FIG. 5 .
  • the filter 9 is dimensioned such that it transforms the output impedance of the rectifier circuit 8 to a respective value which corresponds to approximately the input impedance of the detection device 16 .
  • the LC resonant circuit is a series resonant circuit in which the quartz oscillator 12 and the capacitance 13 are connected in series in a current path which connects the antenna 6 to the input of the rectifier circuit 8 .
  • the capacitance 13 is arranged between the antenna 6 and the quartz oscillator 12 .
  • the output of the rectifier circuit is connected directly to the input of the detection device 16 in this case.
  • quartz oscillator 12 it is also possible to use a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator or a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator.
  • SAW surface acoustic wave
  • BAW bulk acoustic wave
  • FIG. 1 reveals that the UHF antenna 6 can be connected either to the UHF transceiver 3 or to the passive filter stage 7 by means of a switching device 18 .
  • the switching device 18 has a control input 19 which has a control connection to the detection device 16 via a control line, and the microcomputer 2 such that the UHF antenna is connected to the passive filter stage 7 in the quiescent state of the electrical circuit and to the UHF transceiver 3 in the operating state.
  • the way in which the appliance 1 works is described below: after the microcomputer 2 has been reset, it starts up in line with an operating program stored in a program memory.
  • the UHF transceiver 3 which has a semiconductor chip of type C1101, and the wakeup receiver are also started up. This involves making register settings.
  • the microcomputer 2 is used to set the switching device 18 such that it connects the UHF antenna 6 to the filter stage 7 .
  • the UHF transceiver 3 and the microcomputer 2 are then put into the quiescent state.
  • the detection device 16 remains active, but draws only a few ⁇ A of current. During the quiescent mode, the logic level at the control input 19 of the switching device 18 is maintained.
  • the UHF antenna 6 As soon as an 868 MHz radio signal is received via the UHF antenna 6 , it is supplied to the rectifier circuit via the switching device 18 and the passive filter stage 7 . Following filtering in the passive filter 13 , the demodulated radio signal is applied to the input of the detection device. If the radio signal has been subjected to amplitude modulation with a 125 kHz modulation signal, the detection device 16 recognizes a valid wakeup signal and decodes the address. If the address matches the address associated with the appliance 1 , the detection device 16 sends a wakeup signal to the microcomputer 2 , whereupon the latter is switched to the operating state. The microcomputer 2 then connects the UHF antenna 6 to the UHF transceiver 3 via the switching device 18 . Furthermore, the microcomputer 2 transmits a confirmation report about the waking to the UHF transceiver 3 .
  • the UHF transceiver 3 is then used to effect data communication between the base station 5 or the further appliance and a sensor 20 which is connected to the UHF transceiver 3 via a wired communication line.
  • the data communication may involve the use of various modulation types, packet handling and/or CRC checks.
  • the microcomputer 2 connects the UHF antenna 6 to the passive filter stage, again via the switching device 18 . Furthermore, the microcomputer 2 and the UHF transceiver 3 are switched to the quiescent state.
  • the electronic appliance 1 can also wake an appropriate different appliance by virtue of the UHF transceiver 3 providing an 868 MHz carrier onto which a modulation signal is modulated by amplitude modulation, said modulation signal having previously been subjected to OOK modulation with a data signal which matches the address signal from the other appliance.
  • the UHF antenna 6 is connected to the UHF transceiver 3 via the switching device 18 .
  • a high-impedance, narrowband UHF amplifier may be arranged between the UHF antenna and the filter stage 7 and/or the UHF transceiver.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
US13/740,435 2010-05-17 2013-01-14 Electronic device comprising an operating mode switching unit Active 2031-09-26 US8958766B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010020733 2010-05-17
DE102010020733.17 2010-05-17
DE102010020733A DE102010020733A1 (de) 2010-05-17 2010-05-17 Elektronisches Gerät
PCT/EP2011/002443 WO2011144320A1 (de) 2010-05-17 2011-05-17 Elektronisches gerät mit betriebsartenumschalteinrichtung

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PCT/EP2011/002443 Continuation-In-Part WO2011144320A1 (de) 2010-05-17 2011-05-17 Elektronisches gerät mit betriebsartenumschalteinrichtung

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US8958766B2 true US8958766B2 (en) 2015-02-17

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US (1) US8958766B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2572539B1 (de)
DE (1) DE102010020733A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2473268T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2011144320A1 (de)

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WO2019005252A1 (en) 2016-06-30 2019-01-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc CHARGED ANTENNA WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL RESONATORS
US11211711B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2021-12-28 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna dynamically matched with electromechanical resonators

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DE102013220713B4 (de) * 2013-10-14 2017-02-09 Ihp Gmbh - Innovations For High Performance Microelectronics / Leibniz-Institut Für Innovative Mikroelektronik Aufweckempfängerschaltung
CN207124291U (zh) * 2015-02-03 2018-03-20 株式会社村田制作所 天线装置以及电子设备
DE102015104141A1 (de) 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Empfangseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Empfangseinrichtung
WO2023114304A1 (en) * 2021-12-14 2023-06-22 Northeastern University Low impedance radio frequency antennas
CN117991671A (zh) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-07 开利公司 片上系统、包含片上系统的环境监测装置和控制系统

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019005252A1 (en) 2016-06-30 2019-01-03 Hrl Laboratories, Llc CHARGED ANTENNA WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL RESONATORS
US11145982B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2021-10-12 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna loaded with electromechanical resonators
US11211711B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2021-12-28 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna dynamically matched with electromechanical resonators
US11996636B1 (en) 2016-06-30 2024-05-28 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna loaded with electromechanical resonators
US12034235B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2024-07-09 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna dynamically matched with electromechanical resonators

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WO2011144320A1 (de) 2011-11-24
EP2572539A1 (de) 2013-03-27
DE102010020733A1 (de) 2011-11-17
ES2473268T3 (es) 2014-07-04
US20130130636A1 (en) 2013-05-23
EP2572539B1 (de) 2014-04-02

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