US892440A - Multistage turbine. - Google Patents

Description

TED JULY 7, 1908.

PTEN

E. MBRTZ.

MULTISTAGE TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.10

11%' aes s c@ EMILE MERTZ, OF BASEL, SWITZERLAND.

MULTIBTAGE TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 7, 1908.

4Appllcatlon Blad September l0, 1906. Ierrlal No. 334,066.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, EMILE Maii'rz citizen of Switzerland, residing at Basel, Switzerland, have invented new and useful Iniprovenients in Multistave Im )ulse-Turbines for Elastic Motive Fluids Unifer Pressure, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to multi-stage impulse turbines for elastic niotii'e fluids under pressure and has for its object to construetional improve and render such turbines more eflicient in action. I attain these. objects by the mechanism illustrated in theI accompanying drawing in which- Figure l is part of a longitudinal section of a turbine constructed in accordance with one embodiment of my invention. Fi f. 2 a. portion of the evolution of a cylindrica section on line A-B Fi l. Fig. 3 partly a side view and partl a mgitudinal section on iin enlarged scale s iowing the manner of se curing the blades to the moving wheels. Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively sections on lines C-D and E-F of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section showing another einbodhiiiient of my invention. Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively a longitudinal and an evolved cvlindrical section on an enlarged scale of blades constructed in accordance with a further embodiment of my invention.

Similar letters refer to similar tliroiufliout the` several views.

lte erriner to Fig. l, l is the inlet and 2 the outlet for t ie motive fluid. The expansion guide wheels 3 are rigid in the turbine casing, while the moving wheels 4 which alternate therewith are secured to the shaft 28. The wheels 3 and 4 are divided into groups :'i, (i, 7 and 8 alonl1r the shaft 28.

As will be seen lfrom Fig. 2, the length of impact Jeripherically, that is to say, the length o the are of im act is the saine in all the. moving wheels o one group but increases from group to group towards the exhaust, so that the groups 5-8 (Fig. 2) have the increasing lengths t)--l2.

'llie cross section of the channel of the guide wheels 3 that is to say the distance between the guide blades, is t ie saine in all the groups. The motive fluid crosses from one group to the other tlirou rh the channels 1.3,.14 aiid I5, the cross section of which is limited. as roqiiired to prevent a detrimental axpaiiaion'of the stream of fluid between the groups; l`lio hei liter tho bladen of' tlia guido wheels 3 unil the moving wliouls 4 hiparts creases in each group from wheel to wheel, in such a manner that the blades of theI first wheel of all the groups have the same minimum and the blades of the last wheel of all the l'roups the same maximum height..

The moving wheels consist each of a plain disk 16, Figs. l and 3-5, having equidis tant holes in its periphery adapted to receive the studs 19 of the bla-des` i8. 'l`licse blades are rigidly secured to the disks' lti by means of rivets 2() passing between the studs 19 through cross holes in the. disk lti and .segmental recess in the. sides of the studs. hoo 2l shrunk over the outer ends of the blades lh' prevents vibration of the blades.

'lhe blade apertures in the guide. wheels 3 have each a pocket like recess o situated at the side adjacent to the -pi'eeeding moving wheel and at the end facing the direction in which the latter rotates.

'l`he stream of fluid which owing to the absolute path is diverted from the generiitrix of the impact cylinder in passing between the moving wheel blades, is always eompletelv caught by the said pockets and guided biiek into the said yeneratiix before entering the next movin(r w ieel, whereby in an even number of multiple impact of moving wheels and with guide Wheels made in halves to facilitate erection an almost com ilete impact is obtained in the last group wit ioutl the necessity of the bladel apertures of the said guide wheels having to intersect the. joints of the. latter.

The blades of the guide wheels 3 are thel distance necessar for the iassage of the fluid apart from t ie blades oi' the preceding moving wheel, so that the motive fluid distributes itself in thel whole of the aperture and will )ass equally through all the guide cells of tllie aperture and also that the play between the wheels at apoint where the niotive fluid does not pass is reduced to a minimimi.

In the einbodin'ient. shown in Fig. l, the wheels of the same class are the same dialneter in all the. groups, while in the embodiment shown in Fig. (i the diameter of' the wheels of the same class increases from group to group.

n lieu of giving the channels` ol' the guide.- wheels of each group the saine breadth and to increase the hei rlit of thi` blades` from one pair of wheels to the other, as shown in Figi.

2 aliil (i, the height of iill wheels ol' ono group may be the saaie and the breadth,

that is to say, the section of the guide wheel channels increased, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. In the latter case the angle oc-oc 5 at which the motive fluid enters the moving Wheels, increases from one pair of wheels to the other, by which means the length of impact remains the same.

It is obvious that according to the number of liorse-power and the pressure at which the motive fluid is used, the turbine may have only two or more than four groups of wheels, the number of wheels in each group may also vary, for instance, it may be large in the first group and then decrease from group to group.

The improvements described reduce the loss of power caused by the whirling of the motive fluid and friction of the wheels considerably and an almost complete ideal friction-less passage of the stream of motive )ower is obtained in the turbine, as the velocity of the motive power in passing from the moving wheels to the stationary wheels is as much as possible utilized and the stream of motive power in passing from wheel step to step and wheel Group to group does not unnecessarily spread out. or expand.

The number of wheels required in comparison with the power obtained in my iinproved turbine are also less than hitherto conse uently it will bc less in size and require (less room.

I claim:

1. In a niulti-stafre elastic fluid pressure?- turbine with partial' impact, the combination with pressure stages arranged in groups and with arcs of impact havin(r the same or approximately the same peripheral impact, increasing from group to group towards the turbine exhaust, of fluid guide channels between the said groups, the section of which is limited to the required extent, substantially as and for the pur ose set forth.

2. In a multi-sta e e astic fluid pressure turbine with parta impact, the combination with pressure stages arranged in groups and with arcs of impact havin the same or approximately the same perip ieral im act, increasing from grou to group towar( stlie turbine exhaust, of fiqiid guide channels between tlie said groups, the section of which is limited to the re uired extent, guide wheels and moving whee s and blade a ertures iii the said guide wheels each of W iich has a pocket-like recess situated at the side adjacent to the preceding moving wheel and at the end facing the direction in which the latter rotates, substantially as and for the pur pose set forth.

3. In a multi-stave elastic fluid pressure turbine with parta impact, the combination with moving wheels with radial holes in their periphery, of blades having each a stud at its inner end with a segmental recess across its side, cross holes in the movin y wheels between each two of the said radia holes corresponding with the said recesses and means in the said cross holes engawing in the said recesses, substantially as and igor the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

EMILE MERT'Q. Witnesses GEO. GiFFonD, ANDREW HEER.

Disclaimer in Letters Patent No. 892,440.

DIS GLAIMER.

892,440. Emile Mertz, Basel, Switzerland. MULTISTAGE TURBINE.

7, 1908. Disclaimer iiled March 27, 1909 Enters this disclaimer- To that part of the claim in said specification which is in the following words,

to wit:

As will be seen from Fig. 2, the length of impact peripherically, that is to say, the length of the arc of impact is the same in all the moving wheels ofoue group, but group to group toward the exhaust, so that the groups 5-8 (Fig. 2) have the increasing lengths 9 12. (Page 1, lines 40-46.)

The height of the blades of the guide wheels 3 and the moving wheels 4 increases in each group from wheel to wheel, in such a manner that the blades ofthe rst wheel of' all the group have the same minimum and the blades of the last wheel of all the groups the same maximum height. (Page 1, lines 55-61.)

In lieu ofgiviug the channels ofthe guide-wheels ofeach group the same breadth and to increase the height of' the blades from one pair of wheels to the other, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6, the height of' all wheels of one group may be the same and the breadth, that is to say, the section ot" the guide wheel channels increased, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. In the latter case the angle e: 5 at which the motive fluid enters the moving wheels, increases from one pair of wheels to the other, by which means the length of impact remains the same. (Lines 107412, page 1, and lines 1 7, page 2.)

and with arcs of impact having the same or approximately the same peripheral impact, increasing from group to group toward the turbine-exhaust, (Page 2, lines 37-40.)

and with arcs of impact having the same or approximately the same peripheral impact, increasing from group to group towards the turbine exhaust, (Lines 47-50, page 2.)

fluid guide channels between the said groups, the section of which is limited to the required extent, (Lines 50-52, page 2.) [Ocial Gazette, April 6, 1909.]

Patent dated July

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