US935286A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

G. WESTINGHOUSE. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE. Lrrmounon FILED SEPT. 27, 1904,

935,286. Patented Sept. .28, 1909.-

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H/J'ATTORNEYIN FACT.

G. WESTINGHOUSE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED STPT. 27, 190.4.

Patented sepu. 28,1909.

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.e. WESTINGHOUSE." 'ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

I I APILIOATIOR FILED SEPT. 27, 1904. I

' 935 86, Patented Se 8, 1909.

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GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, or rrrrseune, PENNSYLVANIA, assrenon no THE WESTING- HOUSE MACHINE COMPANY, A oonronerrouor PENNSYLVANIA.

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Specification of Letters Patent. P t te g m, 2 8, 1999,

"Application filed September 27; 1904.. Serial No. 226,130.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known. that I, GEORGE VVESTING- itonsn, a citizen of the United States, and a resldent of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to elastic fluid turblues, and as an object has the production of a turbine simple and compact of structure and extremely efficientin its ilutilization of the motive fluid.

A- further object has .becnto produce a turbine in which substantially all-of the fluid expansion occurs within rotatable agent-s.

' A still further object has been to provide means in a turbine whereby the harmful effects (such harmful effects relate entirely to etliciency) due to fluid lea age between the rotor and stator are reduced to the minimum.

These as well as many other objects readily appearing to one-skilled in the art, are attained in the turbine structure described in this specification and illustrated in the ac-, companying drawings throughout which similar elements are denoted by like characters. v I

As the stator as well as the rotor of a turbine embodying this invention may be of any desired design and as this invention relates principally to the'fluid working agents a complete turbine is not illustrated.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a sectional View of a portion of a turbine embodying this invention: Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line A'-A in Fig. 1: Fig. 3 is a developed section taken on lines BB in Figs. 1 and 2: Fig. 4: is a View similar to Fig. 1, illustrating a modified form of this invention: Fig. 5 is a view taken on line C-C in Fig. at: Figs. 6 and 7 are views'siniilar to Figs. l and 5 and illustrate another modification of this inventionFig. 8 is a partial sectional view through the nozzles 8 and blades 9 at right angles to the plane of Fig. 1. i 1 1 In all forms of this invention the fluid utilizing agents on the rotor are formed so that the motive fluid in its course therethrough produces a three-fold effect, that is to say, on entering said agents the fluid delivers up a certain portion of its energy to the rotor; the fluid jet is then deflected, thereby delivering another portion of its energy and, passing a throat, it expands so that its speed is raised and it finally leaves the agents acting by reaction to deliver up a further portion of its energy. :lt'is essential that the throat mentioned be arranged well behind the center of deflection so that no'expansion takes place until after the fluid stream has beenreversed indirection where by all the reactive effect due to expansion acts in the direction of rotationof the rotor. From Figs. 1, fl and 6 it will be seen that the construction illustrated contemplates a double flow turbine, but it will be under stood that this invention is equally applicable'to a single flowturbine, and that when so applied any of the well-known means for counteracting the longitudinal thrust of the rotor may be utilized, and this invention therefore is not limited to either a single or double flow machine. Neither is it limited to a parallel fiow turbine, but may be applied in modified forms to radial as well as parallel flow, either inward or outward.

The motive fluid which hereafter for the sakeof clearness will be called steam, although this invention is not liinited to the use of steam since any other suitableelastic fluid may be. utilized, enters the steam space through expansion nozzles 8. These expansion nozzles S'inay be as many in number as desired and may lead from an annular steam channel (not shown) extending around the turbine and may. be arranged in pairs or sets of any number and may either be divergent or not as is necessary.

The steam issuing from the nozzles 8 11npinges on an annular set of blades 9 carried by the rotor and which are adapt-ed to absorb all of the velocity of the steam issuing from said nozzles. Thesteani issuing from impulse blades Sis collected in a steam chamber 10 and issues therefrom in both directions through reaction nozzles 11. lieaction nozzles 11 provided with a con racted throat 12 are preferably of the form illustrated" in Fig. 3 and are obliquely disposed to the axis ofthe rotor whereby the maximum reactive effect is secured.

The nngularity of the steam jet issuing from nozzles '11 is changedby means of tionary guide vanes 13 fixed to the casing,

and the fluid spaces between said guide vanes, which are arranged in an annular row around the stator, are preferably of equal area from their inlets to their outlets providing an unrestricted gradual change in direction. The steam. issuing from the passages between the guide vanes 13': enters a row of reaction nozzles 14 each of which is provided with a contracted throat as, illustrated in Fig. 1 and of an area sufficiently greater than the area of nozzles 11 to pro-.

vide for'the expanded steam.

Theysteam on issuing from nozzles 14 has' its angularity changedby means of fixed vanes 15 similar to vanes 13 butof greater length whereby an increased steam space over the spaces between blades 13 is secured.-

On issuing frombetween blades 15 the steam enters another row of reaction nozzles 16 similar to nozzles'14'but of'sufiiciently greater area to accommodate the expansion.

After issuing from nozzles 16 the angularity of the steam is. again changed by a row 17 of guide vanes and from said guide vanes it will be passed to the exhaust end of the turbine through a suitable number of rows of moving and stationary blades and vanes whereby its remaining pressure and velocity are fractionallyexpanded and the energy so obtained applied to the rotor.

As many rows .oi. reaction nozzles and guide vanes as are desired to secure the desired pressure drops may be employed, and

this invention is not limited to any certain number of such reaction nozzles and guide vanes, nor to any certain number of impact and reaction blades and vanes, which impact and reaction blades and vanes will be similar to the blading of the Parsons type of turbine. a

Located exteriorly to each row of reaction nozzles and between the shroud 18 thereof and the stator casing an interleaving seal 19 is provided, and each of said seals is preferably divided and provided with a steam channel 20 which leads from a point-bee tween any two of the leaves of said sealto a point of the reaction nozzle whereby the steam which passes the first series of leaves formed of two similar cylinders 21 grooves are formed of the shape it is desired to give respectivelyto the sides and inner walls of the reaction nozzles. The parts of the metal left remaining as shown at 25 (Fig. 2) form the sidewalls of the nozzles and the outer walls or shrouds are formed by annular rings, or ring segments, secured to side .walls 25,; the ends 26 of said side .walls project through said rings and are riveted OV eI :fI ;l S shown in Fig. 2.

The shro f'dring-for nozzles 11 forms the outer, wall-oi the annular steam chamber 10 and alsoca'rries the set of impulse blades 9 through whicli3the steam enters the annular chamber 10.

The shroudi'ng rings for the nozzles are shaped on their inner peripheries to form the outer surface of the nozzles and the contracted throats therefor. v

Where the series of nozzles is not continuous throu hout the entire circumference of the rotor t m construction illustrated in Figs.

4 and 5 may be utilized, and in this construction the rotor need only consist of two parts as shown in Fig. 4 and each of said parts provided in its respective periphery at places where the nozzles are required, with undercut slots 26 into which nozzle blocks or segments 27 are slipped. These blocks are provided with slots, milled or otherwise formed, to the shape of the outer and side walls'of the nozzles and the bottom of the slot or groove 26 is suitably shaped so as to form the inner walls of said nozzles The blocks are further secured. against displacement by centrifugal force by means of rings 28 which may, if desired, be shrunk on. 4

-In Figs. 6 and of the nozzles is shown in which the nozzles 7 a modified construction' are formed by'slots milled out of blocks 29 similar to blocks 27, but in place of cutting the slots from the inner periphery .of the blocks they are formed at the outer periphery, and the boundary of the nozzles is formed by shrink rings 30. Blocks 29 are preferably dovetailed 'or wedge-shaped in two parts, that is to "say, the dovetail faces of the block slightly converge, as indicated by dotted lines 31 Fig. 7 in the direction of flow'of the motive fluid whereby the pressure of said fluid tends totighten the blocks in their respective grooves.

The number .of sl ts and blocks'will of course depend upon the number of groups structing the groups of nozzles is not restricted to turbines constructed inthe mann'er hereinbefore described but is applicable -to turbines of other constructions.

It will liQ'tlIldBI'StOOd, although the nozzles are shown contracted to a throat both radially and circumferentially the whole of the contraction may takeplace circumferen. tially so that the-outer and inner walls of tllG'flOZZlBS are parallelto one another, in which casecomplete rings may be employed in place of the segments indicated in Figs.

claim as new and useful and desireto seof stationary agents alternating with said verted into velocity, a row of movable mem- 2 and 7 for. forming the outer boundaries of the nozzles.

Having thus described this invention, its construction and modified forms thereof, as well as its mode of operation, what I cure by Letters Patent is L In an elastic fluid turbine, agents wherein the motive fluid in its course therethrough gives up a portion of its energy first by im-' pact, then on being deflected, by impulse, and finally after reduction in pressure and increase of speed, by reacti0n.

In an elastic fluid turbine,a plurality of rows of moving agent-s whereby the fluid pressure is converted into velocity and said velocity abstracted, and a plurality of rows rows of moving agents, whereby without creating pressure drops the angularity of the fluid stream is changed. i

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, nozzles whereby a portion of the fluid pressure is conbcrs absorbing such velocity, a rotatable collecting chamber for the motive fluid issuing from said members, instrumentalities whereby the fluid issuing from said collecting chamber has a. portion of .its pressure converted into velocity and abstracted and a plurality of rows of moving blades and stationary vanes whereby the flinch-after hav-' ing its velocity abstracted, is fractionally expanded and converted into rotary motion.

l. In an elasticfluid turbine, an expansion nozzle, a row of movable impulse blades ob sorbing the velocity of the fluid issuing from said nozzles, a rotatable fluid collecting chamber receiving the fluid from said impulse blades and an interleaving seal adjacent to said impulse blades between the turbine rotor and st-ator.

In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor provided with an undercut groove or channel, a nozzle block fitting said groove and a ring shrunk onto said rotor whereby said nozzle block is held against upward movement.

(3. In an elastic fluid turbine, a turbine rotor comprising two cylindrically formed members each fitting an undercut groove or channel in its periphery, a keyring between said members provided with a portion overlying a portion of each of said channels, and a ring comprising fluid working agents in each of said channels and held against movement by the portions which overlie said channels.

7. in an elastic fluid turbine, in combination with its stator containing nozzles whereby a. portion of the thermal energy of the entcring working fluid is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, a. rotor, inipulse blades carried by the rotorwhercby the energydue to said velocitv is absorbed, l

a chamber communicating with the outlets of said blades and forming a connecting chamber wherein no expansion oi the motive fluid therein occurs, an d reaction nozzles on the rotor fed from said chamber.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor provided with rows of reaction nozzles, a casing provided with rows of stationary vanes. :i

:rotor provided with a reaction nozzle, :1 fliiid seal. between said rotor and said casing and means for discharging the fluid entering said seal into said nozzle.

11. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor, alternate rows of nozzles and vanes, fluid seals mounted between said casing and said rotor and means for discharging the fluid leakage entering said seals into said nozzles. I

12. In'an elastic flu1d turbine, a casing. a

rotor, alternate rows of nozzles and vanes, an

interleaving seal between said casing and said rotor, and a passage between said seal and said nozzles whereby the fluid leakage entering said seal is delivered to said nozzles.

13. In an elastic fluid turbine, a stationary i :asing provided with directing vancs,n rotor provided with reaction nozzles which alternate with said directing vanes, an interleaving seal between saidrotor nozzles and the inner peripheral face of said casing and fluid passages located between the leaves of said seal and communicatingwith said nozzles.

14. In an elastic fluid turbine, agents, wherein the motive fluid in its course therethrough gives-up a portion of its energy by impulse, a plurality of rows of moving agents whereby the fluid pressure is converted into velocity and said velocity abstracted, a plurality of rows of stationary agents alternating with said rows of moving agents, whereby, without creating pressure drops, the angularity o1t,,the fluid stream is changed.

15. In an elastic fluid turbine, nozzles "whereby a portion of the fluid pressure is converted into velocity, a row of movable members absorbing such velocity, a rotatable collecting chamber for the motive fluid issuing from said members, instrumentalities whereby the fluid issuing from said collectin chamber has a portion of its pressure converted into velocity and abstracted and a plurality of alternate annular rows ot moving llO nozzles and stationary elements whereby the fluid, after having its velocity abstracted, is fractionally. expanded and the resultant available energy. is converted into rotary motion. I

16. In an elasticfluid turbine, a casing provided with inwardly discharging nozzles -.-:-,,whereby a portion of the thermal energy of the working fluid in the same is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, a

j rotor, impulse blades on said rotor and formed so that the energy due to said veloction of the thermal energy of the working fluid entering the same is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, a rotor, agents carried by the rotor for abstracting the energy rendered available by said nozzles, a chamber formed in said rotor receiving fluid from said agent and alternate rows of reaction nozzles and directing vanes receivin fluid from said chamber.

18. in an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor provided with a plural ty of rows of working elements wherein the motive fluid gives up a portion of its energy by reaction, acasing provided with a plurality of rows offluid directing elements, a shroud for each of the working elements, and an interleaving seal between said shroud and said casin it). In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor provided with a pluralityof working elements adapted to abstract energy from the motive fluid by reaction, fluid seals between I said rotor and said casing, and means for discharging fluid entering said seals into said working elements.

20. In an elastic fluid turbine,'a casing, a

rotor provided with a plurality of working elements arranged man annular row and.

adapted to abstract energy from the .motive fluid by reaction, a shroud for said elements, and a fluid seal between saidshroud and said casin i 21. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor comprising two cylindrical portions provided with undercut slots, which are formed in' their peripheral faces, a ring provided with a plurality of working agents located in each of said slots, a key ring for securing each of said rings in place in said slots, and means for looking all of said rings together.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed iny name this 20th day of September,

GEO. WESTINGHOUSE.

Witnesses:

' G. L. RYDER,

DAvmWmLmMs.

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