US819616A - Multistage steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAY 1, 1906.

J. swam".- MULTI'STAGE STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0GT.15. 1903.

frwanfivr .dtformy' Witnesses- 66) @wa v. Mu J3mwhen STATES PATENT oriucn.

JOHANN' STUMPF, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MULTISTAGE STEAM-TUHBlN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 1, 1906.

Application filed October 15,1903. Serial No. 177,214.

To all whom at may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHANN STUMPF, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at 27 Rankestrasse, Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multistage Steam and Gas Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

In utilizing the energy of steam or gas under pressure'in multiple stages the motive fluid is led from one driving-wheel to the other by means of guide-blades which bridge over the intermediate spaces between the respective wheels in such a manner that the motive fluid flows through the respective driving and guiding blades of the different stages one after the other in a serpentine course. In traversingthis serpentine course the motive fluid naturally undergoes deflections of its direction of motion corresponding to the number of blades; but now, especially with the ordinary high speeds of flow, there takes place in the blades a compression of the steam which is not uniform throughout the entire cross-sectional area orthickness of the steamjet. By reason of the centrifugal forces which occur, in the curved pockets of thefblades there takes place at or along the sake of simplicity the motive fluid is hereinafter referred to always under the designation of steam )reverses itsdirection of motionqinthe next bladesthat is to say, when the course of movement comes to a turning oint-a compression again takes place there, ut now m such a manner that the streams of steam which were situated on the inner.

side in the previous blade and were not compressed at all, or only slightly compressed, now undergo the greatest compression. While now the want of uniformity in {the compression in flowing through the first blade produces of itself a dispersion or s reading of the steam, in consequence of the act that the steam which passes out of the nozzle in a compact uniform jet-onto the blade is caused to ex and again ununiformly to an equal ,extent reason of the compression that takes place in the blade, this phenomenon is repeated not only in each successive blade, but

the conditions are also rendered especially unfavorable by reason of the fact that the compression takes place always alternately on two sides of the steam-jet. The dispersion or spreading of the steam-jet is rendered thereby extremely great, and in these conditions an important reason is to be sought why in practical workin with 1m1ltipleexpansion turbines the use 0 such turbines has been limited to turbines of a few stages.

The well-known turbines in which the steam is repeatedly returned by -means of what are known as counter-blades or return-blades into the same wheel does actually avoid the above-stated drawbacks, but such turbines cannot comply with the requirements of a proper utilization of the steam, because it is necessary to effect the repeated utilization of the steam in the same blades, whereas blades of successively-increasing capacities should be used to correspond with the pro ressive expansion or diminished velocity of the steam.

The new method obviates the aforestated drawbacks of the known constructions in a simple and reliable manner.

The method consists in causing the steam to do work first in the usual manner in the first stage and then on leavin this first stage to be conveyed to the second drivingwvheel in such a manner that the direction of the deflection is not altered either in the guideblades or in the pockets of the blades of the second wheel. The constructional execution of the method may also be effected in a very simple manner. If two driving-wheels having simple curved for instance, U-

shapedp0ckets are arranged side by side,

the steam is led into the first wheel at the edge which faces thesecond wheelthat is to say, as it were, inthe middle of the two wheels-so that it leaves the wheel at one outer edge. Then the guide-blades extend from this outer edge of the first wheel to the outer edge of the adjacent wheel, so that the steam leaves this wheel again, as it were, at the middle of the two wheels -that is to say, at that edge of the second wheel which is adjacent to the first wheel. All reversal of the direction of motion is avoided, and, moreover, the construction and'dimensions of the several steam-passages are not limited in any wav.

The method may also be applied without in the periphery thereof, means receiving fluid and discharging it at the inner side of one set of curved blades, a means arranged to receive the fluid exhausting from the outer side of said set of curved blades and discharging it against the further side of the curved blades or" an adjacent set.

7. In fluid-pressure turbines a plurality of sets of blades, and a lined guide-blade or conveyin'g-passage whose inlet is disposed adja cent to the outlet from one set of blades and whose outlet is a-djacent to the inlet of a second set of blades, the said guide-blades crossing the plane of a set of blades.

8. In fluid-pressure turbines a plurality of sets of blades and a fixed guide-blade or conveying-passage which crosses one set of blades, and whose inlet-is adjacent and opposite to the outlet from one set of said blades and whose outlet is parallel with its inlet and is adjacent and opposite to the inlet to the second set of blades.

'9. In fluid-pressure turbines a plurality of sets of curved blades and a fixed guide-blade or conveying-passage whose curvature is such as to guide the motive fluid from the outlet of one set of blades to the inlet of the second set ofblades in a circular path in the same direction imparted to it by the blades lap the out-let and inlet respectively of the first and second set of blades.

11. In fluid-pressure turbines, a plurality of wheels and a corres onding number of sets of blades, a guide-bla e or conveying-passage which crosses the planes of the blades, and whose inlet is adjacent and opposite to the outlet from one set of blades upon one wheel and whose outlet is adjacent and opposite to the inlet of the second set upon the' second wheel, substantially as described.

12. In fluid-pressure turbines in which a plurality of curved blades are employed, a plurality of guide-blades or steam-passages which cross the plane of the blades and convey the steam discharged in one direction from one set of blades and admit it in an opposite direction to the second set of blades, substantially as described.

13. In fluid-pressure turbines in which a plurality of sets of blades are employed, a plurality of sets of guide-blades or steampassages which cross from the outer edge of site direction to the inlet of another set of blades, substantially as described.

14. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a series of blades, a nozzle which discharges fluid against the blades in such manner that compression takes place on one side of the fluid column, a second series of blades, and guides which receive fluid from of blades and passing to another row which passes between nozzles.

16. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combi nation of rows of blades, closely-associated nozzles for discharging fluid against a row of blades, and uides which are located between each two a jacont nozzles that receive fluid from one row of blades and carry it across the plane of the first row of blades and discharge it against a second row.

.17. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wheel having a row of blades, a perforated nozzlesupport, and closely-assoeiated nozzles which discharge motive fluid in the form of a solid column against the blades, the said nozzles passing through the perforations in. the support and extending from the latter in a direction substantially at right angles thereto and gradually bending in a direction to deliver fluid against the blades at the desired angle. I

18. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wheel having a row of blades, a perforated nozzle-support, closelv-associated nozzles which discharge motive fiuid in the form of a solid column against the blades, the said nozzles passing through the perforations in the support, and guides for conveying fluid from one row of blades to another which are arranged over the blades and have corresponding ends closely associated.

19. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wheel having a row of blades, a perforated. nozzle-support, closely-associated nozzles which discharge motive fluid in the form of a solid column against the blades, the said nozzles passin through the perforations in the support, and U-shaped guides located between nozzles, which receive fluid delivered as a solid column from one row of blades and discharge it as a solid column against another.

20. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the "combination of a perforated support, tubular nozpluralitv of discharging devices, aplurality name to this specification in the presence of of intermediate passages connecting the deg two subscribing witnesses.

livery and inlet ends of successive sets 0 v blades, and a common support upon which i JOHANN STUMPF' 5 the said devices and passa%es are closely: Witnesses:

nest-ed in a position over the b ades. I HENRY HASPER,

In testimony whereof I have signed my WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

Images