US806298A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

N0. 806,298. i 1 PATENTED DEC.A 5, 1905-.

J. wpslvrITH- y .A STEAM TURB-INE.

'APPLICATION FILED JAN. 27. 1965.

mm llllllllllll v ffy@ UNITED STAT-Es,

[PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN W. SMITH, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA.

ysTl-:Awl-TuREINE.`

l No. 806,298.

Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 5, 1905.

Appumiion ned January 27,1905. serial No. 242,904..4

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

-Be it known that I, JOHN W. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at-Erie, in

' 777 ,313, issued to me December 13, 1904, and

to an application for a patent tiled January l2, 1905, under Serial No. 240,7 50, to which reference is here made. These inventions relate to a system of guiding the steam from the steam-inlet to the steam-outlet of the casing in a spiral path with that part of the path Which the steam-path takes from the outlet ends of one series of buckets to the inlet ends of the next series of buckets of gradually-increasing size.

This invention relates to an improvement over this system in that the steam is guided also in a spiral path from the steam-inlet to thefsteam-outlet of the casing, but that each part of the path connecting the outlet ends of one series of buckets with the inlet ends of the next series of buckets is of the same crosssection throughout its length, each successive path, however, being of greater cross-section and of greater size than the preceding one.

For this purpose the invention consists of a steam-turbine comprising a casing having steam-inlets and steam-outlets, a turbine- Wheel, a plurality of buckets thereon, and means adapted to receivethe steam emanating from the outlet ends ofthe bucke-ts and to guide the same into the inlet ends of the next series of buckets, causing the steam to .partakeof a spiral path from the steam-inlet to the steam-outlet of the casing, said means being so arranged that the part connecting the outlet ends of one series of buckets with the inlet ends oi' the next series of buckets is of larger size than the preceding part, each part being of equal cross-section' throughout its length; and the invention consists, further, in certain-novel features and combinations of parts which will be fully described hereinafter and finally pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a development pf a portion of my improved steam-turbine, showing the buckets, the guide channels or chambers, admis- 4sion-bladesi-or directing the steam into the inlet ends of the buckets and curved releaseblades adapted to direct the steam emanating from the outlet ends of the buckets into and through the guide channels or chambers, each of said guide channels or chambers being of' larger size and greater cross-section than the preceding one, but each having the same crosssection throughout' its length. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of the casing and the turbine-wheel, taken on line 2 2, of Fig. l', showing the division-wall of the buckets secured to the turbine-wheel. a development of a portion of a modified form of my improved turbine having two inlet-l nozzles and showing the buckets, the guidechannels and admission-blades in the guidechannels for directing the steam tothe inlet ends of the buckets and showing clearly the guide-channels each of a greater size than the preceding one Fig. 4 shows a development of a portion of a modi-fied form of my improved turbine having a single inlet-nozzle and no admission-blades, and Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of Fig. 3,taken on line 5 5 and showing clearly the guide-channels, one being of larger size than the other.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. l

Referring to the drawings, andA more par- Fig. 3 shows ticularly to Fig. 1, C represents a casing pro- 'f vided with a steam-inlet E. A represents a turbine-wheel of an axial-flow turbine embodying my invention which is provided at its periphery with a plurality of curved buckets B. These `buckets B are formed by mortising curved channels in the turbine-wheel. They may be of the same cross -sectional area throughout their lengths. They may be circular or rectangular in cross-section, or the mortised -channels may have'their inlet and outlet ends of rectangular cross-section and their central part rectangular in cross-section with rounded corners or approximately circular. These channels may belinedwithclosed tubes of proper shape or may be left simply as such, as shown in the drawings, and division-walls provided adapted to form,with the channels, buckets. In case detachable tubular buckets are used. or in such other cases where it is deemed advisable, the casing C is at its lower end on a plane with the inlet and outlet ends of the buckets, as shown in Fig. 2, and the turbine-wheel is provided with a ring R, secured thereto, so that the space between the wheel A and the ring R forms the buckets proper.

In a preferable form of bucket construction (shown in Figs. 3 and 5) the casing C is provided at its lower end with adownwardly-extending curved portion R and the turbinewheel provided notalone with the series curved channels, but with a circular channel concentric with its periphery, by means of which the turbine-wheel may be rotated without being obstructed by the extension, while the space between the extension and the turbine forms the buckets proper. The buckets are so arranged that the steam is discharged parallel to, but in a direction opposite to the entering steam.

The casing C-(shown in Fig. l) is provided with partitions D, D', and D2, parallel to each other, which divide the casing into chambers, each chamber having at each point the same cross-sectional area, one chamber being larger or of greater cross-section than the preceding one. Steam enters the casing C by the steaminlet E and is directed by the admission-blades F into the steam-inlet ends of a series of buckets B. The steam impinging against the buckets expends part of its energy in impulse and reaction and so in propelling the turbinewheel onwardly converts that part of its energy into useful work. The steam emanating from the outlet ends of the buckets enters again the casing immediately above the outlet ends of the buckets, being received by a chamber formed by the casing and partitions D and Dl and' so formedas to be of the same cross-section at every point throughout its length. This channel or chamber directs the steam back toward the inlet ends of the next series of buckets B and then, by means of the admission-blades F, into the inlet ends of the buckets, where the energy resident in the same is again converted to useful work in propelling the wheel onwardly. This steam passing through the buckets and emanating from the outlet ends of the same enters the inlet end of the next chamber formed by the casing and partition-walls D and D2 and is directed by this chamber to the inlet ends of the next series of buckets, from the outlet ends of which it emanates and passes into a suitable condenser or exhausts into the atmosphere. The chamber formed by the walls of the casing C and partitions Dl and D2 is also vdownwardly in proximity to the inlet ends of the bucket-s, as well as the admission-blades, are tapering in shape, so as to insure an eliicient entrance velocity of the steam entering thebuckets. Those parts of the partitions extending downwardly into proximity to the outletends of the buckets are scoop-shaped at their lower ends, and intermediately between the partitions are arranged scoopshaped or curved release-blades G for the purpose of giving the steam a forward turn and so directing the steam forwardly toward the outlet end of the chamber.

In Fig. 3 is shown a modified but preferable form of my improved turbine, which is especially adapted for the use of gas as a motor Huid. A radial-flow turbine is shown; but the novel features herein described and hereinafter to be claimed apply equally well to axial-flow turbines. The turbine-wheel A is provided with a plurality of channels into which the downward extension R protrudes, so as to form, with the turbine-wheels, buckets, as shown clearly in Fig. 5. By the steaminlet E the steam enters two nozzles H and H somewhat contracted in cross-sectional area at their upper end, and the walls of which diverge toward the inlet ends of the buckets. These nozzles are parallel with the channels and of a cross-sectional shape similar to that of the channels. They direct the steam into the inlet ends of the buckets, from the outlet ends of which the steam enters the inlet end of a channel M of the casing, which channel is at every pointthroughout its length of the same cross-sectional area and serves to direct the steam after being subdivided, by means of admission-blades F', into the inlet ends of the next yseries of buckets. The turbinewheel is thereby propelled onwardly and the steam emanating from the outlet ends of these buckets enters the inlet end of the next channel M/ of the casing, which channel is also at every pointthroughoutits length of the same cross-sectional area, but of largersize both in cross-sectional area and in height than the channel M. The channel M directs the steam again back to the inlet ends of the next series of buckets against which it impinges, and thereby propels the wheel onwardly and from which it emanates and enters either a suitable condenser or exhausts directly into the atmosphere. Those parts of the casing which IOO IIO

separate one channel from the other and which extend downwardly in proximityto the outlet ends of the buckets are scoop-shaped, as shown clearly in Fig. 3. No curved releaseblades are shown; but, if it is specially desired, such may be used. It is seen that the steam passing from the steam-inlet succes-l .tracted step by step as it comes in contact with each separate series of buckets. A

In Fig. 4 is shown another modied formof 'my improved turbine also adapted for theuse of gas as a motor uid and having the admissionblades and release-blades omitted. The inletnozzle H2, in communication with the steaminlet E of the turbine, is contracted in crosssectional area at 'its upper end and its walls diverge, so as to direct the motor Huid into the first series of buckets. Fromthe outlet ends of these buckets the motor fluid passes into the'inlet end of the'lirst channel N of equal cross-section throughoutits lengthv and guided by the same is directed into the inlet end of the next series of buckets, a drop` in the velocity of the motor fluid having, due to the expending of part of the energy of the motor fluid in work of impulse and reaction,

' taken place. From the outletends of this vseries .of buckets the motor fluid emanates and enters the next channel N, also ofvequal cross-section throughout its length, but, of-

larger size-that is, greater length and greater cross-section-than the channel N, through which the motor iuid Erst passed, this larger channel. corresponding in cross-section to the different velocity of the 4motor liuid. `The last-named channel guides the motor Huid into the next series of buckets through which it passes, propelling the turbine-wheel onwardly and from which it finally enters into a suitable condenser or exhausts directly into the.

atmosphere. The steam in passing from the steam-inlet to the steam-outlet of the casing successively'through the series of buckets and channels partakes of a spiral path. The form of turbine shown inyFig. 4, of which a transverse section is not shown, has its casingprovided with a downwardly-extending divisionwall R', similar to that hereinabove described and shownin Figs. 3 and 5. v That part of the casing separating one channel Jfrom the other and in proximity to the outlet ends of the buckets is tapering in shape, but may; also be 'made scoop-shaped, as shown in Fig. 3.

Complete acceleration takes.

In some cases itl is onlyneces'sary to use one f spiral path, while in other cases it would be necessary to*k use two, depending in number on the drop or reduction in velocity of the motor fluid. One velocity reduction takes place when the motor fluid is admitted by the diverging nozzle, and a velocity reduction takes place for each separate channel. -Hence in the turbine shown three velocity reductions take place. Aturbine may be constructed having any number of velocity reductions, and also a turbine may be constructed in which the steam enters severalsteam-inlets at once, each separate stream partaking of a spiral path from the steam-inlet -to the steam-outlet and each stream simultaneously passing through chambers successively greater in cross-section, de-

pending on the drop in velocity', but each chamber of equal cross-section throughout its length. n

Reference has been made to the casing as one belonging to the separate units shown in the drawings. A turbine having one or more steam-inlets, and consequently one ormore units, as shownA in the drawings, would be4 provided wlth 'a mam casing surrounding both the units and turbine-wheel.

I do not wish to be understood that the channels must be exactly of the. same cross-sectional area throughout, it being within the scope of myinvention to use channels of substantially the, same cross-sectional area throughout. In practice I have found it ad- =visable to somewhat round ofi' the vcorners of the channels of rectangular cross-section at 'the central part intermediately between the ends of the same, whereby in case of channelsof smaller size the cross-section becomes somewhat elliptical.

UnitsI of larger sizes are made by casting ,from metal with cored channels, rectangular attheir inlet and outlet ends, with rounded-offcorners at their central portion, the rectangular passages conforming with the arc of the bucket circle.

Units of smaller sizes may be constructed by bending tubes to form the'spiral channel, forming the ends of these tubes into rectangular shape, with the central portion `left somewhat elliptical.

In all cases where channels of rectangular cross-section are used the inlet and outlet itial'ly the same cross-sectional area throughout, adapted to guide the steam from the outlet ends of a number of buckets tothe inlet IOO IZO

ends of buckets in proximity thereto and of the same series.

2. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, a turbine-Wheel having a series of buckets, and means of the same cross sectional area throughout, adapted to guide the steam from' the outlet ends of a number of buckets to the inlet ends of buckets in proximity thereto and of the same series, the means connecting each successive number of outlet and inlet ends being of larger size than the preceding means.

3. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a series of channels each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, and a turbine-Wheel having a series of buckets, with their ends in communication with the ends of the channels.

4. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a series of channels of rectangular cross-section, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, and a turbine- Wheel having a series of buckets, With their ends in communication with the ends of the channels.

5. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a series ot' channels each of different size, and each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, and a turbine-Wheel having a series of buckets in communication With the ends of the channels.

6. A steam-turbine, comprising a easing, having a series of channels ,of rectangular cross-section, each of different size and each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, and a turbine-wheel having a series of buckets with their ends in communication with the ends of the channels.

7. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a steam-inlet and a series of channels, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a nozzle in said casing in communication with the steam-inlet, parallel With said channels, and a turbine-wheel having a series of buckets with their ends in communication With the ends of the channels.

8. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a steam-inlet and a series of channels, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a nozzle having divergent Walls in said casing, in communication with the steam-inlet and parallel with said channels, and a turbine-Wheel having a series of buckets With ends in communication with the ends of the channels.

9. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a steam-inlet and a series of channels, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a plurality of nozzles in said casing in communication with said-steam-inlet, and a turbine-Wheel having a series of buckets with ends in communication with the ends of the channels.

10. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a plurality of channels each of different size, and each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a plurality of admission-blades in said channels, and a turbinewheel having buckets.

11. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing having a plurality of channels each ot' different size, and each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a plurality ot' admission blades, a plurality of curved releaseblades, and a turbine-wheel having buckets.

12. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing having a plurality of chan nels each of the same .cross-sectional area throughout its length, a

turbine-Wheel provided with curved channels, and a division-wall forming buckets with the channels of the turbine-wheel.

13. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing havingaplurality of channels, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a turbine-Wheel provided with curved channels, and a beveled division-wall forming buckets with the channels of the turbine-wheel.

14. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing having a plurality of channels, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a turbine-Wheel provided with curved channels, and a stationary division-wall forming buckets with the channels of the turbine-wheel.

15. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing having a plurality oi' rectangular channels, each of different size and each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a turbine-Wheel having curved channels, and a division-wall forming buckets with the channels of the turbine-wheel.

16. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing having a steam-inlet and an exhaust, a plurality otl channels each of different size and each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, and a turbine-wheel having buckets, said channels being adapted to guide the steam emanating from the outlet ends of one series of buckets, to the inlet ends of the next series, so as to cause the steam, passing successively through the channels and buckets to partake of a spiral path from the steam-inlet to the exhaust.

17. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a steam-inlet and a series of channels, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a nozzle of cross-sectional shape similar to that oi' the channels in said casing, in communication with the steam-inlet, and a turbine-Wheel having a series oi' buckets With their ends in communication with the endsof the channels.

18. A steam-turbine, comprising a casing, having a steam-inlet and a series of channels of rectangular cross-section, each of the same cross-sectional area throughout its length, a

IOO

, `nozzle rectangular in cross-section in said cas- 19. A steam-turbine, comprising a plurality.

of units, one'adjacent the other, each consistlng of a casmg havlng,` a steam-lnlet anda serles of channels, each of the same cross-see- 10 tional area throughout, and a turbine-Wheel With a series of buckets having" their ends in communication With the ends of the channels. In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my inVentionI have signed my name in presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

'JOHN W. SMITH.

Witnesses:- y

ROBERT BRANKSTONE,. P. VIGIEFORD.

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