US88080A - Improvement in furnaces for upright steam-generators - Google Patents

Description

partially consumed.

taten SILAS C. SALISBURY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. Letters Patent No. 88,080, lated March 23, 18i9.

IMPROVEMENT IN 'FURNACES PQR UPRIG-HT STEAM-GENERATORS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of 'ghe lam@ Q-we To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, SILAS C. SALlsBURY, of the :city of New York, in the county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces for the Combustion of Fuel, and in their Application to Vertical Steam-Boilers; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, and of their mode, or manner of operation, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, and making apart of this specitication.

The object of my invention is. to economize the use of fuel for generating steam, and to make the same effectual to the greatest degree possible; and

The nature of my invention consists in the construction and arrangement of the lire and combustion-chambers of steam-geuerators, whereby to secure a better combustion ofthe fuel; and this I accomplish by mechanical devices which produce chemical affinities, which act in harmony with each other. t

It a well-known fact that with the present construction and arrangeinent; of furnaces, the combustion of .all kinds of fuel--is very imperfect, not more than about thirty per cent. of the heat-power of .the fuel used being actually made effective, the 'balance passing olf -in the form of carbonio oxides, (which are also injurious to the ilues, 85e., through which they pass,) or as palticles of unconsumed products of combustion, or

Various attempts have been made to secure more nearly perfect combustion, and thus economize' fuel, and with some success, but such ei'orts have been only in a limited degree successful.

My invention consi'sts-V A First, inthe construction and arrangementof the fire-chamber, or what may be called the preparingchamber, or retort, in which the fuel is-plaeed, and where it is. slowly decarbonized, and which chamber` is abundantly supplied with oxygen and hydro-oxygen gases; and

Second, in the combination therewith of a combustion-chamber, into which the carbonio oxides and other product-s of combustion, as formed in the fire-chamber,

pass vthrough numerous small orifices, or perforations, and are thus subdividedinto many currents, or parts, and where, by means of highly-heated air, and decomposed steam, constantly supplied to such combustion chamber, such carbonio oxides are changed in character, and the gases ofthe coal, air, and water are perfectly mixed and combined, both mechanically and chemically, so that everything combustible is consumed, and

a veryintensified beat produced, and with a comparatively slow combustion of fuel.

From a long series of experiments, carefully and practically made, I have-demonstrated that by the use of my invention and improvements, a saving of a very large per cent. of fuel is effected, whether anthracite -or bituminous coal orwood is used.

The drawings show the construction of my invention' with a verticalboiler.

Figure l is a perspective view of a vertical steam` generator constructed with my invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical section ot' the same.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section through the lower part of the fire-chamber.

vertical section, of the fire-chamber.

Figure 5 is a bottom view of the entireV furnace and late. g Figure 6 is .a representation of a detached portion of the outer, or iron lining of the lire-chamber.

The grate, A, is made of very considerable depth, or thickness, and is formed with abundant and numerous openings, or air-passages, a, so as both toallow large quantities of air to pass into the' fire from below,

small currents.

The air thus supplied to the lire-chamber becomes durable.

When the grate is a circular, or tilting grate, as shown in the drawing, the enclosing-surface, or. plate A', should -also be fitted with openings, b, so as to insure the admission of. air from below to every part of the bottom of the fire or burning fuel.

The fire, or preparing-chamber O is constructed substantially as follows:

A heavy plate or piece of cast-iron, B, vabout half au inch to au" inch in thickness, is placed within and against the inner plate, c, of the boiler, and extends around the fire-chamber, and upward about as far as the perpendicular sides of such chamber.

part of it, is placed, at regular or suitable intervals, say everytwo inches, a series of pipes, or half-round tubes, d,v which are open at the bottom to freely take in air, and closed at the top to prevent the air passing through them, but having, along their inner sides, a vseries of perforations, e, to allow the air to pass out from such tubes horizontally.

A section of one of such tubes d, open at the bottom and closed at the top, isshown in figs. 2 and 6.

Within such cast plate B, and in contact with such air-tubes d, is laid or placed the lire-brick liriug j, which makes the inner walls of the furnace proper, the inside surface of such lire-brick being formed with flutes, or concave recesses, so as to .prevent the coal or fuel packing against/the sides of the furnace; and through such fire-brick, all around the fire-chamber, are made holes, g, for the passage or admission of air, corresponding in position with the perforations e in the tubes d.

By means of such air-supplying tubes d, perforated. as described, and the corresponding perforations g,

through the fire-brick lining f, air is continuallyv snp-v Figure 4-is a view, partly perspective and partly in` .and also divide the air so admitted into numerous and' more or less heated by passing through the openingsy a, but it at the same time keeps the under surface of the grate comparatively cool, and thus makes it more,v

0n the inner sideiof such cast-plate B, or made av rangement of perforated tubes and fire-brick, in com-- bination with the grate, such air is presented to and distributed through every part of the burning fuel. A

The air supplied to the chamber C through the tubes d, also becomes highly heated by passing alongl the heated surface of the castfiron plate B, and its tubes d, and through the heated fire-brick lining, and the fireschamber is thus, in fact, continually supplied with a hot-blast; and to assist in heating the air s o supplied tothe chamber C, thel tubesd may be iilled with tine gauze cloth, made of asbestos, which, though continually hot, will not be consumed.

To such chamber O there is also admitted, through or by means of a pipe, h, extending underneath the open mouths of the air-tubes d, and opening into the same by means of small perfoiations, or jets, steam or superheated steam, taken from the boiler or any convenient'or suitable source, which becomes decomposed in passing into or on entering such chamberfurnishing additional oxygen and also hydrogen, and thereby assisting to effect a more complete and perfect combustion ofthe fuel. v

By thus supplying the fire, or preparing-chamber,

-on every side thereof, and on the top of and at diH'erv ent points of the burning fuel, with divided jets vof heated air and of decomposed or decomposing steam, the decarbonization of the fuel commences, or is carried on from the top and from the outside of the furnace, instead of from the bottom, and, at -the same time, the intense heat penetrates the centre, and completely effects the same results there. 'lhe combustion being thus carried on most actively from the top and sides of thel fire, the under surface of the grate-bars, notwithstanding the great intensity of the rire, remains quite cool, comparatively. In an ordinary furnace, with a fire of the intensity easily and constantly maintained in my tire, or preparing-chamber, the grate-bars. would be melted or burned out in a very short time.

The quantity of airand steam supplied to the chamber C, through the tubes d, may be regulated and va.- ried by means of a sliding plate, D, so arranged that the supplyof air and steam, entering the tubes d, can be partially or wholly cut ofi", as desired, and the cousumptionfof the fuel can thus be regulated according to circumstances.

. The re, or preparing-chamber O, is wholly arched over, as shown in figs. 2 and 4, with lire-brick, or some matelial capable of bearing a very intense heat with? out injury; and above or outside, is what I call the combustion-chamber E.

Communication between these two chambers, or from the fire .to the combustion-chamber, is `solely through or by means of numerous small openings j. The carbonio oxides and products of combustion formed in the fire, or preparing-chamber C, in passingthrough such openings into the combustion-chamber E, are dividedinto small currents, and enter such chamber E at many different angles, and thus are caused to come in more complete and intimate contact with, and are thus more eifectually mixed with the jets or currents of heated air and steam which enter such combustionchamber, as well as the fire, or preparing-chamber C. Such supplies of air and steam are furnished to the combustion-chamber E, through the spaces, or openings l, formed by the cast-iron plate B on theone side, and the {irc-brick f on the other, and the air-tubes d,

before described as supplying air and steam to the firechamber C. A section of one of such openings, or

spaces l, open at the top to allow the air and steam to pass through it and into the combustion-chamber E, is shown in `figs. 2 and 4. 4,As before described, in con nection with the fire-chamber C, the air supplied to the combustion-chamber becomes highly heated in passing thereto, and is, in fact, a continuous hot-air blast.

The steam-jets, supplied by the pipe h and furnished to the combustion-chamber, become wholi y, or to avery great degree, decomposed, by contact with the highlyheated iron plate B and fire-brick f, and produce hydro* mygen gases, and thereby increase the quantity of oxygen, and intensify the heat in both the chambers E and C.

The air, becoming highly heated while passing to the combustion-chamber, is rendered lighter than the carbonio oxides continually pouring into such chamber from the fire-chamber O, and au immediate'chemical union and utilization of suchl gases of coal, air, and

steam, takes place, and their complete and perfect com bustion is produced.

The pressure and velocity of the steam escaping upward from the pipeh, also produce or cause a'n increased dranght, and' consequently an increased amount of oxygen is carried in through the tubes d for combustion. Actual practical tests prove that such use' of steam in the chambers E and Gadds greatlyto the economy produced or effected by the general combination.

The quantity of air and steam supplied to such combustion-chamber E will also be governed and regulated by a sliding plate, as before described in connection with the tire-chamber. v

The arch of the chamber C may spring directly from the fire-bricks f, within the line or circuit of the spaces, or openings l l, or, if extending over the line of such openings, hasopen spaces in it, to allow the air and steam to pass freely through the spacesl into the combustion-chamber. The oritices.7',.intl 1e top and sides of the chamber O, should be about half` an inch in diameter, or of about that capacity.

To secure greater strength and durability, as well as a saving of expense, I preferto make the rebricks f, forming the firechamber proper, in a solid ring or piece; and as before set forth, to prevent the fuel packing .against the sides of such inner clay ring, as well as to prevent the openings fl-therein gettin filled and becoming stopped up, the linner surface o y such clay lining is tinted, orrecessed, as shown in figs. 3, 4, and 5.

The heat and products of combustion pass from the combustion-chamber E up through the hot-air tubes F, which are surrounded by water, and into the chamber G, and thence off through .the chimney or smokepipe H, which may be provided with a damper, as in ordinary cases.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The construction of the sides of the ire, or preparing-chamber with double, or outer and inner walls, and with tubes and air-passages between them, for the supply and heating of the air, substantially asset forth.

2. The construction and arrangement of the perfo-l rated air-tubes. d, for supplying air to the re, or preparing-chamber, and in combination therewith, the perforated inside lining, or wall of such chamber, whereby the air is delivered to the fuel in numerous or divided jets, on every side of 'such chamber, and on the top of and at different points in the burning mass, substantially as set forth. .i

3. The construction of the fire, or preparingfchamber, with a continuous arch or top, lperforatedwith numerous holes, or openings, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with the fire-chamber C, constructed as described, of the outer combustionchamber E, such puter `chamber being also separately supplied with heated air and'steam, substantially as herein set forth. y

l 5. The construction and arrangement of the double walls of the preparing-chamber, and the arrangement of the air-tubes and passages between such Walls, whereby air or air and steam Acan be supplied at the same time to the fuel-chamber, and to the outer or combustion-chamber, substantially as herein described.

6. The arrangement of the tubes, or passages for supplying air to the fire and combustion-chambers, with the perforated steam-pipe, for supplying commingled steam and air to such chambers, Aa herein set forth.

7. The construction and arrangement of' the air and steam-supplying tubes and pipes and the movable plate for governing and regulating thesupply of air and steam, as set forth.

8. The combination, with the vertical boiler, of the re, or preparing-chamber and combustion-chamber, constructed and arranged substantially as described.

Witnesses: SILAS C. SALISBURY.

S. D. LAW, FRED. B. SEARS.

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