US8742690B2 - Method, operating device, and lighting system - Google Patents

Method, operating device, and lighting system Download PDF

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US8742690B2
US8742690B2 US13/143,907 US201013143907A US8742690B2 US 8742690 B2 US8742690 B2 US 8742690B2 US 201013143907 A US201013143907 A US 201013143907A US 8742690 B2 US8742690 B2 US 8742690B2
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light
emitting element
bridge
circuit
current
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US20110304272A1 (en
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Chong Ng
Paul Dalby
Jamie Kelly
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Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
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Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
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Assigned to TRIDONIC GMBH AND CO KG reassignment TRIDONIC GMBH AND CO KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DALBY, PAUL, KELLY, JAMIE, NG, CHONG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to operating devices for light-emitting means, in particular for gas discharge lamps, LEDs or OLEDs, and to a lighting system.
  • the object of the invention is to implement closed-loop control or fault identification during operation of light-emitting means in an efficient manner.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating at least one light-emitting means.
  • the light-emitting means is operated starting from a half-bridge or full-bridge circuit.
  • a measurement signal which represents the current through the bridge circuit and/or a measurement signal which represents the lamp current is/are supplied to an input of a control circuit.
  • a measurement signal which represents the voltage across the at least one light-emitting means is supplied to the same input of the control circuit. If the control circuit is in the form of an integrated circuit, it is therefore possible to dispense with one or two pin(s) of the IC since two or three supplied measurement signals are evaluated at one pin.
  • the control circuit can evaluate the supplied measurement signals for fault identification and/or for operation of the light-emitting means, in particular for adjusting a parameter representing the power of the light-emitting means.
  • control circuit can output a fault signal, change the mode of operation of the light-emitting means or disconnect the light-emitting means.
  • An overvoltage fault state can be detected when the lamp voltage is above a predetermined threshold value.
  • the control circuit can open the lower-potential switch of a half bridge prematurely and/or increase the frequency of the alternate clocking of the two switches of the half bridge.
  • An overcurrent fault state can be identified using a half-bridge current or lamp current which is above a predetermined threshold value.
  • a “capacitive operation” fault state can be identified using a half-bridge current which rises at the time at which the lower-potential switch of the half bridge is switched off (gradient measurement) or which is in an impermissible range, i.e. above a predetermined threshold, for example (absolute value measurement).
  • a predetermined threshold for example (absolute value measurement).
  • the drive frequency of the alternate clocking of the switches of the half bridge can be increased until capacitive operation is no longer identified.
  • An “EOL” (End of Life, rectifier effect of the lamp) fault state can be identified on the basis of the fact that the addition of two measured values for the lamp voltage which are taken at two successive zero crossings of the half-bridge current produces a value in an impermissible range.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a control circuit, in particular an ASIC, which is designed for a method as claimed in one of the preceding claims.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a circuit for operating a light-emitting means.
  • the circuit has:
  • a half-bridge or full-bridge circuit for providing a supply voltage for the at least one light-emitting means (for example the light-emitting means can be part of a load circuit with a resonant circuit), and
  • control circuit for the closed-loop control of the operation of the light-emitting means and/or fault identification
  • a measurement signal which represents the current through the bridge circuit and/or a measurement signal which represents the lamp current and a measurement signal which represents the voltage across the at least one light-emitting means are supplied to the control circuit at the same input.
  • the half-bridge or full-bridge circuit with the load circuit connected can also have a transformer for potential isolation. If a resonant circuit is provided, said transformer can use series and/or parallel resonance.
  • control circuit can be designed to evaluate the supplied measurement signals for fault identification and/or for operation of the light-emitting means, in particular for adjusting a parameter representing the power of the light-emitting means.
  • the lamp voltage can be detected via a resistive divider.
  • the half-bridge current can be detected via a measuring resistor in series with the lower-potential switch of the half bridge.
  • the invention also relates to a lighting system, having a control unit and at least one operating device of the abovementioned type which is preferably connected thereto via a bus line.
  • FIGS. 1 a , 1 b show a schematic illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention and a development thereof, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a third exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining a method according to the invention for identifying and correcting an impermissibly high half-bridge current in the lamp starting operation.
  • FIG. 5 a shows a flowchart for explaining a first method according to the invention for identifying and correcting capacitive operation.
  • FIG. 5 b shows a flowchart for explaining a second method according to the invention for identifying and correcting capacitive operation.
  • FIG. 6 shows a flowchart for explaining the method according to the invention for EOL (End Of Lamp Life) identification.
  • FIG. 7 shows a graph showing the identification of an excessively high half-bridge current during lamp starting operation.
  • FIG. 8 shows a graph showing the identification of inductive operation by means of gradient measurement.
  • FIG. 9 shows a graph showing the identification of capacitive operation by means of gradient measurement.
  • FIG. 10 shows a graph showing the identification of capacitive operation by means of absolute value measurement.
  • FIG. 11 shows a graph showing a measurement signal of a lamp without EOL (End Of Lamp Life).
  • FIG. 12 shows a graph showing a measurement signal of a lamp with EOL (End Of Lamp Life) with a positive DC offset.
  • FIG. 13 shows a graph showing a measurement signal of a lamp with EOL (End Of Lamp Life) with a negative DC offset.
  • FIG. 14 shows a graph showing a calculated DC offset of a lamp with the EOL (End Of Lamp Life) effect occurring.
  • the AC system voltage is supplied to an AC/DC converter 7 via a filter 8 .
  • the AC system voltage is converted into a DC voltage and is adjusted to a higher voltage, preferably between 300 V and 400 V. This voltage is correspondingly also present at the storage capacitor 6 .
  • the AC/DC converter 7 can contain a rectifier and also an active power factor correction (PFC) circuit (clocked by a switch controlled by a control unit or formed by a charge pump circuit (active or passive valley fill)).
  • PFC active power factor correction
  • An inverter 2 in this case a half bridge, drives the switches Q 1 and Q 2 , preferably power transistors, alternately. Said inverter is used for providing a supply voltage for at least one light-emitting element 4 .
  • the light-emitting element or light-emitting means may be a gas discharge lamp, or else any other type of light-emitting means, for example an LED or OLED or LED/OLED array.
  • the load 5 containing the light-emitting element 4 and further electrical components required for the series circuit are only indicated in FIG. 1 a .
  • FIG. 3 for this.
  • the half-bridge current is detected via a measuring resistor R 102 in series with the lower-potential switch Q 2 of the half bridge.
  • the lamp voltage is detected via a resistive divider R 104 .
  • the two measured signals are preferably supplied to a control circuit 3 , preferably an ASIC, via an individual pin SDV_lamp.
  • a control circuit 3 preferably an ASIC, via an individual pin SDV_lamp.
  • any other form of integrated circuit such as a microcontroller or a hybrid solution, or a conventional (discrete) circuit can also be used.
  • the ASIC 3 likewise controls the DC/DC converter and the clock frequency of the half bridge 2 .
  • the ASIC 3 has an internal constant current source A. Said constant current source applies a DC level to the incoming signal, with the result that negative voltages at the pin SDVlamp are avoided.
  • the signal of the half-bridge current has a regular time interval, preferably with half a period length, in which it is zero. The reason for this is that, during this time, the switch Q 2 is open and therefore no half-bridge current is measured. During this time period, only the lamp voltage is therefore present at the pin SDVlamp. This circumstance can be utilized for discriminating the two signals.
  • the signal of the lamp voltage has a sinusoidal curve, which can be determined to a sufficient extent by measuring frequency and amplitude. Examples of both signals are shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 13 .
  • lamp voltage fault states are comparatively slow phenomena, while the fault states with the half-bridge current occur with a comparatively large amplitude but for a short period of time can be utilized for the discrimination.
  • an overcurrent for example in the case of inductor saturation during the lamp starting operation or an overcurrent during lamp operation can be determined, as is described in more detail below.
  • capacitive operation of the lamp and an EOL (End of Lamp Life) effect of the lamp can be identified.
  • the measurement circuit in FIG. 1 b represents an improvement over the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 a (the change corresponds to the change for FIG. 2 explained below except that fewer components are required for the variant in FIG. 1 b ).
  • the same component parts as in FIG. 1 a are denoted by the same reference symbols.
  • the damping of the AC voltage component of the lamp voltage is performed independently of its DC voltage component in the circuit shown in FIG. 1 b .
  • the AC voltage component is damped to a greater extent than the DC voltage component.
  • This parallel circuit comprising the capacitor C 10 X and the resistor R 102 .
  • This parallel circuit has, as a low-pass filter, a strong damping effect on relatively high frequencies.
  • the capacitor C 10 X acts as the filter for the AC component.
  • the AC component is therefore damped to a lesser extent than the AC component.
  • the capacitor C 10 X has a sufficiently large value, the radiofrequency AC voltage component of the lamp voltage can be filtered out, with the result that the detected signal at the input SDVLamp comprises the DC voltage component of the lamp voltage and the half-bridge current. Therefore, the DC voltage component of the lamp voltage can be measured during the phase in which there is no half-bridge current detected, while the half-bridge current can be detected in the phase in which there is a half-bridge current flowing, taking into consideration the determined DC voltage component of the lamp voltage.
  • the measurement circuit in FIG. 2 represents an improvement over the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 .
  • the damping of the AC voltage component of the lamp voltage in this case takes place independently of its DC voltage component.
  • the AC voltage component is damped to a greater extent than the DC voltage component.
  • This parallel circuit comprises the capacitor C 101 and the resistor R 105 .
  • This parallel circuit has, as low-pass filter, a strongly damping effect on relatively high frequencies.
  • the capacitor C 101 acts as a filter for the AC component. Therefore, the DC component is damped to a lesser extent than the AC component.
  • This AC signal can be used, for example, for identifying saturation of the inductor and for identifying an overcurrent, capacitive operation or else for closed-loop preheating control.
  • monitoring is also performed to ascertain whether the inductor is no longer entering saturation.
  • the circuit is driven to saturation since the frequency is shifted very close to resonance. This lack of saturation, or of a high starting current, can be used as starting identification signal.
  • the half-bridge current and/or the lamp current can be detected.
  • the lamp current can be used for measuring during preheating, there is a need for a special series circuit, such that this lamp current can also be measured during preheating.
  • the lamp current signal can be measured at the point “lamp voltage” ( FIG. 2 ).
  • the half-bridge current can be detected via the measured voltage at the half-bridge shunt R 101 :
  • the measurement circuit in FIG. 3 represents a further improvement over the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 .
  • the AC voltage component of the lamp voltage is also suppressed here. It is therefore possible to superimpose a further AC component on the signal at the pin SDVILamp.
  • the lamp current is also measured in addition to the signal of the half-bridge current and the lamp voltage.
  • All three signals are preferably supplied to the same pin SDVILamp of the ASIC 3 . However, it is also possible to connect the three signals to different terminals or only to connect some of the three signals (i.e. two signals, for example).
  • the half-bridge current is detected via a measuring resistor R 102 in series with the lower-potential switch Q 2 of the half bridge.
  • the lamp voltage is detected via a resistive divider R 104 .
  • the lamp current is measured at a measuring resistor R 107 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the further electrical components of the operating device 1 together with the light-emitting means (referred to as the lamp below).
  • the operating device 1 has an inverter 2 , in this case a half bridge. This inverter provides a supply voltage for at least one light-emitting element. This supply voltage is supplied to a coupling capacitor C 62 .
  • the coupling capacitor C 62 is connected to a series resonant circuit L 60 -C 63 . This series resonant circuit is used for starting the light-emitting means 4 .
  • the light-emitting means 4 also has heating filaments L 60 a and L 60 b.
  • the upper heating filament is connected to the bus voltage via the resistor R 110 , as a result of which a DC path is formed via the lamp filament and the resistors R 104 and R 103 . It is therefore possible for identification of the heating wire to be performed, i.e. for an electrical parameter of the heating wire to be evaluated, in order to be able to derive operational parameters to be set therefrom (for example by means of a stored look-up table).
  • identification of the heating wire i.e. for an electrical parameter of the heating wire to be evaluated, in order to be able to derive operational parameters to be set therefrom (for example by means of a stored look-up table).
  • this DC path is interrupted (since the capacitor C 66 does not allow any DC current to pass through).
  • the bus voltage it is also possible to use another feed voltage such as the rectified system voltage, for example.
  • the measurement for identification of the heating wire i.e. for identifying whether a lamp with an unbroken lamp filament has been inserted; also referred to as “relamp” identification
  • the impermissible state of the inductor L 60 being saturated can occur.
  • the current rise is therefore no longer damped. Instead, it rises to an impermissible extent to a peak.
  • the half bridge 2 In order to start a lamp, first the heating filaments of the lamp 4 are preheated.
  • the half bridge 2 generates an AC voltage which is above the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit L 60 -C 63 .
  • the resultant voltage is too low for causing the lamp 4 to start.
  • the pin SDVILamp may be in a standby state at this time if none of the above-described measurements are utilized, such as the lamp filament identification or the preheating closed-loop control, for example.
  • the lamp 4 is started by virtue of the fact that the switch-on time of the two switches Q 1 and Q 2 of the inverter is increased stepwise. Correspondingly, the operating frequency of the inverter is reduced.
  • the internal current source A can also be realized as a current source which can be switched stepwise or as a parallel circuit comprising two current sources.
  • different currents can be impressed by the internal current source A for compensating for a DC offset and thus different levels of compensation or different disconnection sensitivities can be achieved during the different operating phases.
  • a lower current can be set for the internal current source A, with the result that a lower sensitivity can be set corresponding to the high voltages to be expected.
  • the identification of faults such as the identification of the EOL effect, for example, can be activated depending on the operating state of the lamp or the circuit.
  • the flowchart in FIG. 4 describes a method for avoiding overcurrent during lamp starting.
  • step S 101 After the start of the operation in step S 101 , the heating filaments are preheated.
  • step S 102 switch Q 1 of the inverter is closed.
  • Switch Q 2 is open at this point.
  • t R the switch Q 1 is opened again in S 103 .
  • t R is preferably half the period of the present operating frequency of the inverter, but it may also be a shorter period of time.
  • a delay time t D can be provided between S 103 and S 104 .
  • the signal applied to pin SDVlamp is measured. If this signal is above a threshold value Vlamp peak (pk), an impermissibly high current is supplied to the lamp. However, it is also conceivable for an impermissibly high current only to be established when the threshold value has been exceeded a plurality of times, for example five times.
  • the rise in current can also be evaluated and an impermissibly high rise can be used as an additional evaluation criterion.
  • the alternating signal of the AC lamp voltage needs to be taken into consideration continuously using the characteristic to be analyzed in the ASIC.
  • the signal of the lamp voltage needs to be compensated for by the ASIC in analogous fashion without a delay.
  • FIG. 7 An illustration of the signal to be analyzed is given in FIG. 7 .
  • the switch Q 2 is opened immediately again in S 106 .
  • This is equivalent to an increase in the present switching frequency.
  • the actual operating frequency of the inverter is unchanged, however. Instead, the operation is repeated whilst maintaining the present operating frequency, preferably after a dead time, by a return to S 102 .
  • the switch Q 2 is opened again after time t R in S 107 .
  • the switch Q 2 can also be opened again at a time t ⁇ t R in S 107 .
  • the switch-on duration t R is increased.
  • the operating frequency of the inverter is also reduced.
  • the operation is repeated by a return from S 108 to S 102 .
  • a delay time t D can be provided between S 108 and S 102 .
  • the impermissible state of the lamp being operated capacitively can occur. In this state, a current is already flowing through the switch when the lamp is switched on. As a result, the switch can be destroyed. Furthermore, the closed-loop control of the lamp by the ASIC during capacitive operation no longer functions.
  • FIG. 5 a shows a flowchart relating to a method for avoiding capacitive operation of the lamp.
  • a gradient measurement between the phase of lamp voltage and half-bridge current is performed.
  • another voltage in the load circuit is monitored, for example the voltage across the inductor or across a transformer if a transformer is provided).
  • the lamp is in normal operation in step S 201 .
  • At least two measurements are performed at successive points in time at the pin SDVlamp in S 202 .
  • the measurements are sampled values (samples).
  • the measurements are selected at a time just before the switch Q 2 is opened.
  • the system returns to S 202 and the measurement operation is repeated. It is, however, also possible for a measurement to be performed again only after a time interval, or only after the change in parameters, for example lamp dimming.
  • the dead time is preferably a predetermined value, but it is also conceivable to use an adaptive method for determining the dead time. It would thus be possible, for example, for the dead time to be extended in the event of a single or repeated occurrence of capacitive operation.
  • the dead time can also be adapted by virtue of the fact that the half-bridge current is measured and tested prior to the switch Q 2 being switched on (i.e. while a current is already flowing through the freewheeling diode from the switch Q 2 ). In the event of an impermissible value for the half-bridge current, the dead time can be increased and thus the switch Q 2 can be protected from an overcurrent or an overload.
  • a further method for avoiding capacitive operation of the lamp is shown in the flowchart in FIG. 5 b .
  • the difference between absolute values is measured.
  • step S 301 After successful starting, the lamp is in normal operation in step S 301 .
  • a measurement S 1 is performed in S 302 directly prior to the switch Q 2 being switched off at the pin SDVlamp.
  • a further measurement S 2 is performed in S 303 immediately after switch Q 1 has been switched on.
  • the threshold value is compared with the difference S 1 ⁇ S 2 .
  • the current ISD is in this case that through the measuring resistor (shunt) R 101 , i.e. the voltage signal proportional thereto.
  • the “offset” magnitude is produced in a targeted manner by an internal current source in the ASIC (illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 ).
  • the signal I Lamp is the signal which is present at the point “lamp voltage” in FIG. 2 .
  • Signals ISD and SD are the same, namely in each case the measured voltage at the half-bridge shunt (measuring resistor between the lower-potential switch and ground) R 101 .
  • the drive frequency of the half bridge is increased in S 305 .
  • the lamp operation again enters the inductive branch of the resonance curve.
  • a counter x is increased by one in S 306 .
  • the value of the counter x is compared with a reference value X max in S 307 .
  • the lamp is disconnected in S 308 .
  • the counter x can be reset to zero.
  • any other measure is also conceivable, for example a signal which acts as a warning for capacitive operation.
  • FIG. 4 a and FIG. 4 b are of course also interchangeable. This means that, in the case of a gradient measurement, an increase in frequency of the half bridge is also possible, and in the case of absolute value measurement, early opening of switch 2 is also possible. Other combinations of features from FIG. 4 a and FIG. 4 b are also conceivable.
  • the DC voltage component of the lamp voltage can be monitored in a simple manner.
  • FIG. 11 An illustrative example of a measurement of the EOL effect is provided in FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 .
  • a measurement is performed prior to switch 2 closing and a measurement is performed after switch 2 has opened.
  • FIG. 6 shows a flowchart relating to a method for identifying an EOL (End Of Lamp Life). This state can be identified from a slow rectifier effect of the lamp occurring. The identification is preferably only activated after a certain time after lamp starting, for example after 200 ⁇ m. This ensures that the capacitor C 101 has been charged completely by the internal current source.
  • EOL End Of Lamp Life
  • the lamp is in normal operation in step S 401 .
  • a first sampled value A 1 is taken at the pin SDVlamp.
  • Both measurements are selected at a time when the switch Q 2 is open. There is therefore no half-bridge current flowing at both times. As a result, the single measured DC component comes from the lamp voltage. It is assumed here that the lamp current does not have DC components.
  • the two measured values need to have the same magnitude, but a different mathematical sign, owing to the sinusoidal signal.
  • EOL End of Lamp Life
  • any other measure is also conceivable, for example a signal which acts as a warning for an EOL (End of Lamp Life).

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
US13/143,907 2009-01-09 2010-01-07 Method, operating device, and lighting system Active 2030-12-02 US8742690B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

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DE102009004174 2009-01-09
DE102009004174 2009-01-09
DE102009004174.5 2009-01-09
DE102009009915.8 2009-02-20
DE102009009915 2009-02-20
DE102009009915A DE102009009915A1 (de) 2009-01-09 2009-02-20 Verfahren, Betriebsgerät und Beleuchtungssystem
PCT/EP2010/050094 WO2010079190A1 (de) 2009-01-09 2010-01-07 Verfahren, betriebsgerät und beleuchtungssystem

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US8742690B2 true US8742690B2 (en) 2014-06-03

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EP (1) EP2377372B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102273326B (zh)
AT (1) AT517946B1 (zh)
DE (2) DE102009009915A1 (zh)
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DE102012207002A1 (de) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren, Betriebsgerät und Beleuchtungssystem
CN102630117A (zh) * 2012-03-21 2012-08-08 深圳市全盛德电子有限公司 低频等能量同步开关气体放电灯驱动电路
US9313852B2 (en) 2012-05-10 2016-04-12 Koninklijke Philips N.V. LED driver with external temperature-compensated illumination control signal modulator
CN102802322A (zh) * 2012-09-03 2012-11-28 洪珍 触摸式延时灯开关
CN106409220B (zh) * 2016-09-29 2019-01-29 深圳创维－Rgb电子有限公司 一种oled驱动电源装置及oled电视
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WO2010079190A1 (de) 2010-07-15
EP2377372A1 (de) 2011-10-19
EP2377372B1 (de) 2018-04-25
CN102273326B (zh) 2016-04-13
AT517946A5 (de) 2017-06-15
AT517946B1 (de) 2017-06-15
DE112010000124A5 (de) 2012-05-31
US20110304272A1 (en) 2011-12-15
DE102009009915A1 (de) 2010-07-15
CN102273326A (zh) 2011-12-07

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