US8594535B2 - Roller exterior layer comprising polymer, carbon black and soluble ionic salt - Google Patents

Roller exterior layer comprising polymer, carbon black and soluble ionic salt Download PDF

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Publication number
US8594535B2
US8594535B2 US13/119,959 US200813119959A US8594535B2 US 8594535 B2 US8594535 B2 US 8594535B2 US 200813119959 A US200813119959 A US 200813119959A US 8594535 B2 US8594535 B2 US 8594535B2
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layer
roller
imaging
ionic salt
molecular weight
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US20110170909A1 (en
Inventor
Benjamin W. C. Garcia
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Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
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Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
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Assigned to HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P. reassignment HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GARCIA, BENJAMIN C.W.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
    • G03G15/0818—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the structure of the donor member, e.g. surface properties

Definitions

  • Printing systems sometimes employ rollers to transfer electrostatically charged imaging material to an imaging surface such as a photoconductor drum.
  • Existing rollers may not provide a desired level at resistance or may harm the imaging surface or its performance over time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a printer including a developer roller according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the printer of FIG. 1 according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates imaging system or printer 20 according to an example embodiment.
  • Printer 20 forms images upon a print medium 21 using an electrostatically charged imaging material, such as an imaging liquid or ink.
  • printer 20 includes a developer roller 33 that transfers the electrostatically charged imaging liquid to an electrostatically charged imaging surface 24 .
  • the developer roller 33 has an outer layer having a composition that provides a desired level of electrical conductivity and reduces long-term damage to the imaging surface 24 or its performance over time.
  • Printer 20 includes imaging member 22 having imaging surface 24 , charge source 25 , imaging liquid supply 30 and developer roller 33 .
  • Imaging member 24 comprises a member supporting imaging surface 24 .
  • Imaging surface 24 (sometimes referred to as an imaging plate) comprises a surface configured to have one or more electrostatic patterns or images formed thereon and to have electrostatically charged imaging material, such as imaging liquid, applied thereto.
  • the imaging material adheres to selective portions of imaging surface 24 based upon the electrostatic images on surface 24 to form imaging material images on surface 24 .
  • the imaging material images are then subsequently transferred to a print medium 21 as indicated by arrow 35 . Such transfer may be achieved using one of more belts, drums and the like.
  • imaging member 22 comprises a drum configured be rotated about axis 23 .
  • imaging member 22 may comprise a belt or other supporting structures.
  • surface 24 comprises a photoconductor or photoreceptor configured to be charged and have portions selectively discharged in response to optical radiation such that the charged and discharged areas form the electrostatic images.
  • surface 24 may be either selectively charged or selectively discharged in other manners. For example, ionic beams or activation of individual pixels along surface 24 using transistors may be used to form electrostatic images on surface 24 .
  • imaging surface 24 comprises a photoconductive polymer.
  • imaging surface 24 has an outermost layer with a composition of a polymer matrix including charge transfer molecules (also known as a photoacid).
  • the matrix may comprise a polycarbonate matrix including a charge transfer molecule that in response to impingement by light, generates an electrostatic charge that is transferred to the surface.
  • imaging surface 24 may comprise other photoconductive polymer compositions.
  • Charge source 25 comprises a device configured to electrostatically charge developer roller 33 so as to electrostatically charge the imaging liquid applied to surface 24 by developer roller 33 .
  • Imaging liquid supply 30 comprises a device configured to supply imaging liquid to developer roller 33 .
  • imaging liquid supply 30 supplies a liquid toner.
  • imaging liquid supply 30 supplies a liquid carrier and colorant particles (also known as toner particles).
  • the liquid carrier comprises an ink carrier oil, such as Isopar, a low molecular weight hydrocarbon oil.
  • the liquid carrier may include other additional components such as a high molecular weight oil, such as mineral oil, a lubricating oil and a defoamer.
  • the liquid carrier and colorant particles comprises HEWLETT-PACKARD ELECTRO INK commercially available from Hewlett-Packard.
  • the imaging liquid may comprise other imaging liquids.
  • Developer roller 33 transfers and applies electrostatically charged imaging liquid to imaging surface 24 .
  • Developer roller 33 includes a shaft 37 and an exterior layer 39 .
  • Shaft 37 supports layer 39 for rotation about an axis 31 .
  • Exterior layer 39 extends about shaft 37 and formed an exterior of roller 33 .
  • Layer 39 has an exterior surface 42 upon which the electrostatically charged imaging liquid is carried as it is being transferred to imaging surface 24 .
  • Surface 42 is rotated into contact or at lease close proximity to imaging surface 24 . During such transfer, any gap between surfaces 42 and 24 is filled with the electrostatically charged imaging liquid being transferred.
  • layer 39 is illustrated as being in direct contact with shaft 37 , in other embodiments, additional intermediate layers may be provided between shaft 37 and layer 39 .
  • Layer 39 is formed from materials or has a composition such that layer 39 has a desired level or range of electric conductivity so as to carry and transport like a statically charged imaging liquid to imaging surface 24 .
  • the composition of layer reduces long-term damage to the imaging surface 24 or its performance over time.
  • imaging surface 24 comprises a photoconductive polymer, such as the example formulation provided above
  • certain materials, such as certain salts, contained in existing developer rollers leech out from the developer roller over time and coat upon imaging surface 24 , degrading its performance. It is further believed that such materials may further deteriorate a life of imaging surface 24 .
  • such salts that have been plated upon surface 24 are believed to diffuse the generated electrostatic charge on surface 24 . This charge diffusion reduces the sharpness and resolution of the electrostatic image and the subsequently printed image.
  • Layer 39 has a composition that avoids or reduces this issue.
  • layer 39 is formed from one or more polymers, one or more electrical conductivity enhancers and one or more ionic salts that are soluble in a low molecular weight hydrocarbon oil.
  • a “low molecular weight hydrocarbon oil” or a “low molecular weight oil” comprises an oil having a carbon count ranging from C 7 (90 grams/mole molar mass) to C 25 (326 grams/mole molar mass).
  • layer 39 is formed from one or more polymers, one or more electrical conductivity enhancers and one or more ionic salts that are soluble in a low molecular weight hydrocarbon oil having a carbon count ranging from C 7 (90 grams/mole molar mass) to C 14 (198 grams/mole molar mass).
  • the one or more electrical conductivity enhancers such as carbon black, provide the polymer composition with electrical conductivity.
  • the one of more ionic salts also assist in providing the polymer composition of layer 39 with ionic electrical conductivity.
  • the composition includes a mixture of carbon black and one or more ionic salts, a desired level of electrical conductivity (and a desired corresponding level of electrical bulk resistivity) is achieved with a reduced likelihood of “hot spots” which may otherwise be associated with compositions that solely rely upon carbon black for providing the desired level of electric conductivity.
  • the carbon black allows the use of ionic salts which are less damaging to imaging service 24 but which have a lower electrical conductivity as compared to other high electrical conductivity salts that are used in compositions that rely completely upon ionic salts for providing the electrical conductivity of layer 39 .
  • any of the ionic salts that leeches from layer 39 over time is largely dissolved in the liquid carrier or imaging oil of the imaging liquid being transferred to imaging surface 24 .
  • This liquid carrier largely comprised of low molecular weight imaging oil, simply carries the colorant particles and transfers the colorant particles to imaging surface 24 .
  • the imaging oil itself does not substantially accumulate on imaging service 24 .
  • the ionic salts dissolved in the liquid carrier flow through printer 20 with the liquid carrier.
  • any contact between the leached ionic salts and imaging service 24 is largely temporary such that the ionic salts are not permitted to substantially coat imaging surface 24 and are not in contact with imaging surface 24 a sufficient period of time so as to substantially damage imaging surface 24 .
  • the composition of layer 39 provides a desired level of electrical conductivity and reduces long-term damage to the imaging surface 24 or its performance over time
  • layer 39 is provided with an electrical bulk resistivity of between about 1 ⁇ 10 5 and about 1 ⁇ 10 7 ohm/cm.
  • the composition of layer 39 comprises a polyurethane mixed with a highly structured carbon-14 and a quarternary ammonium sulfate with an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain.
  • layer 39 has the following composition:
  • the composition of layer 39 is formed by reacting and isocyanate and an ester based polyol to form a polyurethane, a low hardness elastomer.
  • the polyol Prior to this reaction, the polyol is high shear mixed with an ammonium sulfate alkyl chain salt (such as commercially available LAROSTAT 264A by BASF) and a highly structured carbon black (such as Ketj en Black EC600JD by AkzoNobel or Vulcan X72R by Cabot Corp.).
  • the ratio of the polyol to isocyanate mixture results in a rubber material with a durometer of between about 30 and about 38 Shore A.
  • ammonium sulfate alkyl chain salt (LAROSTAT 264A) is added between 1-3 parts per hundred parts (pphp) polyol and mixed with a carbon black of 0.1 to 0.8 pphp polyol.
  • the particular salts and relative percentages of salts and carbon black may be adjusted so as to tune a bulk resistivity of layer 39 and of developer roller 33 .
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates printer 120 , another embodiment of printer 20 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • printer 120 utilizes developer rollers 33 .
  • Printer 120 comprises a liquid electrophotographic (LEP) printer.
  • Printer 120 (sometimes embodied as part of an offset color press) includes drum 122 , photoconductor 124 , charger 126 , imager 128 , ink carrier oil reservoir 130 , ink supply 131 , developer 132 , internally and/or externally heated intermediate transfer member 134 , heating system 136 , impression member 138 and cleaning station 140 .
  • LEP liquid electrophotographic
  • Drum 122 comprises a movable support structure supporting photoconductor 124 .
  • Drum 122 is configured to be rotationally driven about axis 123 in a direction indicated by arrow 125 by a motor and transmission (not shown).
  • a motor and transmission not shown.
  • distinct surface portions of photoconductor 124 are transported between stations of printer 120 including charger 126 , imager 128 , ink developers 132 , transfer member 134 and charger 134 .
  • photoconductor 124 may be driven between substations in other manners.
  • photoconductor 124 may be provided as part of an endless belt supported by a plurality of rollers.
  • Photoconductor 124 also sometimes referred to as a photoreceptor, comprises a multi-layered structure configured to be charged and to have portions selectively discharged in response to optical radiation such that charged and discharged areas form a discharged image to which charged printing material is adhered.
  • Charger 126 comprises a device configured to electrostatically charge surface 147 of photoconductor 124 .
  • charger 126 comprises a charge roller which is rotationally driven while in sufficient proximity to photoconductor 124 so as to transfer a negative static charge to surface 147 of photoconductor 124 .
  • charger 126 may alternatively comprise one or more corotrons or scorotrons.
  • other devices for electrostatically charging surface 147 of photoconductor 124 may be employed.
  • Imager 128 comprises a device configured to selectively electrostatically discharge surface 147 so as to form an image.
  • imager 128 comprises a scanning laser which is moved across surface 147 as drum 122 and photoconductor 124 are rotated about axis 123 . Those portions of surface 147 which are impinged by light or laser 150 are electrostatically discharged to form an image (or latent image) upon surface 147 .
  • imager 128 may alternatively comprise other devices configured to selectively emit or selectively allow light to impinge upon surface 147 .
  • imager 128 may alternatively include one or more shutter devices which employ liquid crystal materials to selectively block light and to selectively allow light to pass to surface 147 .
  • imager 128 may alternatively include shutters which include micro or nano light-blocking shutters which pivot, slide or otherwise physically move between a light blocking and light transmitting states.
  • Ink carrier reservoir 130 comprises a container or chamber configured to hold ink carrier oil for use by one or more components of printer 120 .
  • ink carrier reservoir 130 is configured to hold ink carrier oil for use by cleaning station 140 and ink supply 131 .
  • ink carrier reservoir 130 serves as a cleaning station reservoir by supplying ink carrier oil to cleaning station 140 which applies the ink carrier oil against photoconductor 124 to clean the photoconductor 124 .
  • cleaning station 140 further cools the ink carrier oil and applies ink carrier oil to photoconductor 124 to cool surface 147 of photoconductor 124 .
  • cleaning station 140 may include a heat exchanger or cooling coils in ink care reservoir 130 to cool the ink carrier oil.
  • the ink carrier oil supply to cleaning station 140 further assists in diluting concentrations of other materials such as particles recovered from photoconductor 124 during cleaning.
  • ink carrier oil After ink carrier oil has been applied to surface 147 to clean and/or cool surface 147 , the surface 147 is wiped with an absorbent roller and/or scraper.
  • the removed carrier oil is returned to ink carrier reservoir 130 as indicated by arrow 153 .
  • the ink carrier oil returning to ink carrier reservoir 130 may pass through one or more filters 157 (schematically illustrated).
  • filters 157 Schematically illustrated
  • ink carrier oil in reservoir 130 is further supplied to ink supply 131 .
  • ink carrier reservoir 130 may alternatively operate independently of cleaning station 140 , wherein ink carrier reservoir 130 just supplies ink carrier oil to ink supply 131 .
  • Ink supply 131 comprises a source of printing material for ink developers 132 .
  • Ink supply 131 receives ink carrier oil from carrier reservoir 130 .
  • the ink carrier oil supplied by ink carrier reservoir 130 may comprise new ink carrier oil supplied by a user, recycled ink carrier oil or a mixture of new and recycling carrier oil.
  • Ink supply 131 mixes being carrier oil received from ink carrier reservoir 130 with pigments or other colorant particles. The mixture is applied to ink developers 132 as needed by ink developers 132 using one or more sensors and solenoid actuated valves (not shown).
  • the raw, virgin or unused printing material may comprise a liquid or fluid ink comprising a liquid carrier and colorant particles.
  • the colorant particles have a size of less than 2 ⁇ . In different embodiments, the particle sizes may be different.
  • the printing material generally includes approximately 3% by weight, colorant particles or solids part to being applied to surface 147 .
  • the colorant particles include a toner binder resin comprising hot melt adhesive.
  • the liquid carrier comprises an ink carrier oil, such as Isopar, and one or more additional components such as a high molecular weight oil, such as mineral oil, a lubricating oil and a defoamer.
  • the printing material including the liquid carrier and the colorant particles, comprises HEWLETT-PACKARD ELECTRO INK commercially available from Hewlett-Packard.
  • Ink developers 132 comprises devices configured to apply printing material to surface 147 based upon the electrostatic charge upon surface 147 and to develop the image upon surface 147 .
  • ink developers 132 comprise binary ink developers (BIDs) circumferentially located about drum 122 and photoconductor 124 .
  • BIDs binary ink developers
  • Such ink developers are configured to form a substantially uniform 6 ⁇ thick electrostatically charged film composed of approximately 20% solids which is transferred to surface 147 .
  • ink developers 132 may comprise other devices configured to transfer electrostatically charged liquid printing material or toner to surface 147 .
  • developers 132 may be configured to apply a dry electrostatically charged printing material, such as dry toner, to surface 147 .
  • each of ink developers 132 includes a developer roller 33 .
  • developer rollers 33 have an outer layer 39 (shown in FIG. 1 ) that provides a desired level or range of electric conductivity/resistance so as to carry and transport electrostatically charged imaging liquid to imaging surface 24 .
  • the composition of layer 39 reduces long-term damage to the imaging surface provided by photoconductor 124 or its performance over time.
  • Intermediate transfer member 134 comprises a member configured to transfer the printing material upon surface 147 to a print medium 152 (schematically shown).
  • Intermediate transfer member 134 includes an exterior surface 154 which is resiliently compressible and which is also configured to be electrostatically charged. Because surface 154 is resiliently compressible, surface 154 conforms and adapts to irregularities in print medium 152 . Because surface 154 is configured to be electrostatically charged, surface 154 may be charged so as to facilitate transfer of printing material from surface 147 to surface 154 .
  • intermediate transfer member 134 may include a drum 156 and an external blanket 158 . Drum 156 supports blanket 158 which provides intermediate transfer member 134 with surface 154 .
  • intermediate transfer member 134 may have other configurations.
  • intermediate transfer member 134 may alternatively comprise an endless belt supported by a plurality of rollers in contact with or in close proximity to surface 147 .
  • Heating system 136 comprises one or more devices configured to apply heat to printing material being carried by surface 154 from photoconductor 124 to medium 152 .
  • heating system 136 includes internal heater 160 , external heater 162 and vapor collection plenum 163 .
  • Internal heater 160 comprises a heating device located within drum 156 that is configured to emit heat or inductively generate heat which is transmitted to surface 154 to heat and dry the printing material carried at surface 154 .
  • External heater 162 comprises one or more heating units located about transfer member 134 . According to one embodiment, heaters 160 and 162 may comprise infrared heaters.
  • Heaters 160 and 162 are configured to heat printing material to a temperature of at least 85° C. and less than or equal to about 110° C. In still other embodiments, heaters 160 and 162 may have other configurations and may heat printing material upon transfer member 134 to other temperatures. In particular embodiments, heating system 136 may alternatively include one of either internal heater 160 or external heater 162 .
  • Vapor collection plenum 163 comprises a housing, chamber, duct, vent, plenum or other structure at least partially circumscribing intermediate transfer member 134 so as to collect or direct ink or printing material vapors resulting from the heating of the printing material on transfer member 134 to a condenser (not shown).
  • Impression member 138 comprises a cylinder adjacent to intermediate transfer member 134 so as to form a nip 164 between member 134 and member 138 .
  • Medium 152 is generally fed between transfer member 134 and impression member 138 , wherein the printing material is transferred from transfer member 134 to medium 152 at nip 164 .
  • impression member 138 is illustrated as a cylinder or roller, impression member 138 and alternatively comprise an endless belt or a stationary surface against which intermediate transfer member 134 moves.
  • Cleaning station 140 comprises one or more devices configured to remove any residual printing material from photoconductor 124 prior to surface areas of photoconductor 124 being once again charged at charger 126 .
  • cleaning station 140 may comprise one or more devices configured to apply a cleaning fluid to surface 147 , wherein residual toner particles are removed by one or more is absorbent rollers.
  • cleaning station 140 may additionally include one or more scraper blades.
  • other devices may be utilized to remove residual toner and electrostatic charge from surface 147 .
  • ink developers 132 develop an image upon surface 147 by applying electrostatically charged ink having a negative charge.
  • charge eraser 135 comprising one or more light emitting diodes, discharges any remaining electrical charge upon such portions of surface 147 and ink image is transferred to surface 154 of intermediate transfer member 34 .
  • the printing material formed comprises and approximately 1.0 ⁇ thick layer of approximately 90% solids color or particles upon intermediate transfer member 134 .
  • Heating system 136 applies heat to such printing material upon surface 154 so as to evaporate the carrier liquid of the printing material and to melt toner binder resin of the color and particles or solids of the printing material to form a hot melt adhesive. Thereafter, the layer of hot colorant particles forming an image upon surface 154 is transferred to medium 152 passing between transfer member 134 and impression member 138 . In the embodiment shown, the hot colorant particles are transferred to print medium 152 at approximately 90° C. The layer of hot colorant particles cool upon contacting medium 152 on contact in nip 164 .
  • multi-shot in lieu of creating one color separation at a time on a surface 154 , sometimes referred to as “multi-shot” process, the above process may be modified to employ a one-shot color process in which all color separations are layered upon surface 154 of intermediate transfer member 134 prior to being transferred to and deposited upon medium 152 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
US13/119,959 2008-10-01 2008-10-01 Roller exterior layer comprising polymer, carbon black and soluble ionic salt Active 2029-06-30 US8594535B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/078512 WO2010039134A1 (en) 2008-10-01 2008-10-01 Roller

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EP (1) EP2332015B1 (de)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120093544A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2012-04-19 Mark Sandler Imaging System And Method
US10838324B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2020-11-17 Hp Indigo B.V. Developer roller for liquid electrophotographic printing

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US9639627B2 (en) 2010-07-26 2017-05-02 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method to search a task-based web interaction
WO2012148428A1 (en) 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Apparatus, printers, and methods to remove material from a printer surface
US9539822B2 (en) * 2012-01-13 2017-01-10 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Digital printers
EP2820485B1 (de) 2012-03-01 2016-05-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Aufladerolle
WO2013130084A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2013-09-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Charge roller
JP6614807B2 (ja) * 2015-05-28 2019-12-04 キヤノン株式会社 画像形成装置
EP3341798B1 (de) 2016-01-27 2019-08-21 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Elektrofotografische flüssigtintenentwicklereinheit
CN108604076B (zh) 2016-01-27 2021-02-12 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 液体电子照相墨水显影单元
EP3341797A4 (de) * 2016-01-27 2018-07-04 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Elektrisch leitende walze

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US6117557A (en) 1995-04-19 2000-09-12 Lexmark International, Inc. Caprolactone ester polyurethane developer roller
US6122473A (en) 1997-03-31 2000-09-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developer carrying member for carrying developer, apparatus unit detachably mountable on the main assembly of image forming apparatus, and image-forming apparatus
US6067434A (en) 1997-06-27 2000-05-23 Bridgestone Corporation Developing roller and developing apparatus
US6397032B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2002-05-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus including a developer bearing member having multiple layers
US20020122997A1 (en) 2000-10-26 2002-09-05 Samsung Organophotoreceptor having an improved ground stripe
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US7406277B2 (en) * 2005-05-31 2008-07-29 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Semiconductive rubber member
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US8985022B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2015-03-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Imaging system and method
US10838324B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2020-11-17 Hp Indigo B.V. Developer roller for liquid electrophotographic printing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2332015A1 (de) 2011-06-15
WO2010039134A1 (en) 2010-04-08
EP2332015A4 (de) 2015-06-24
US20110170909A1 (en) 2011-07-14
EP2332015B1 (de) 2019-05-22

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