US858561A - Incinerating-furnace. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTBD JULY 2, 1907.

No, 858.561. l l D. E. BENNETT.

INcI-NBRATING .PURNAGE APPLICATION FILED JAN. 31, 1907.

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' DAVID E. BENNETT, or ELMIEA, NEW Yoan.

INCIKNERIATING-FURNACE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1907.

Application filed January 31,1907. Serial No. 355,007.

To all 'whom it may concern; v

Be it known that I, DAVID E.` BENNETT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Elmira, in the county of Chemung and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Incinerating- Furnaces, of which the following `is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in furnaces for burning garbage and other refuse; the objects of my improvement being to provide the furnaces with a grated garbage floor consisting of 'transverse bars pro-A tected by firebrick jackets or sheathings; to provide means for opening the garbage floor at certain points, whereby the gases of combustion from the fireplace or places may be permitted to ascend through the floor at points adjacent to the deposit of garbage, where said deposit is made only over a portion of the floor; and, finally, to provide certain improvements in the details of construction of the furnace walls and chambers, as

will hereinafter appear.

I attain my objects by arranging and constructing the furnace and its parts in the manner illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section through my improved furnace; Figs. 2 and 3, horizontal sections thereof on the lines a-a and b-'b, .respectively, in Fig. l, Figs. 4, 5, and 6, vertical transverse sections on the lines c-c, d-d, and e-e, respectively, in Fig. 1; Fig. 7, a transverse section, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of one side of the furnace wall, on the line eve in Fig. l., showingthe mechanism for dropping certain of the floor bars; Fig. 8, ay detail showing a longitudinal section on the line f-f in Fig. 7

and Fig. 9, a plan view of one of the guide boxes for` the adjustable supporting bars, upon which the ends of the movable oorbars rest.

Like numerals designate like parts throughout the several views.

The furnace consists of an upper combustion or in'- cinerating chamber 1, into which the garbage, etc., is.

cates with the stack 9 through the iiue passage 8, the

bottom of which is positioned a suitable distance'above the garbage floor. The chamber 1 is arched over at the top and provided with a plurality of charging openings 10 cov'ered by suitable lids; and at the end farthest from the stack, with a` larger opening 11, over the floor bars 7, through which the carcasses of animals may be deposited upon said -floor bars. These door bars 7 are positioned directlyover the grate 6, and are raised a short distance above the line of the bars 3, 4, to provide a flue passage for the gases of combustion from the flue chamber 2 into the combustion chamber 1 at this end of the furnace. Above the floor bars, and at suitable intervals at one side of the furnace, I provide the stoke holes 12, which are closed by doors hinged to cast iron frames, set in the outside brick shell of the furnace.

Fire doors 13 are provided over each of the grates 5 and 6, and ash doors 14 open from vthe bottom of the ash pits under said grates.

' At suitable intervals above the floor l5 of the flue chamber 2, doors 17 are provided for withdrawing they deposit of ashes, etc., accumulating on said floor, from time to time.

which will hereinafter appear.

This furnace is built up with inner walls of iirebrick, and outer walls of common brick, without the use of.

buck stays; and will be located preferably in the basement of the containing building. The basement floor 18, which will be preferably of concrete, will be locatedsomewhat below Hoor 15 of the flue chamber, and the' forced and -supported at each side by the outer walls of the furnace and upon suitable joists and girders beyond the furnace walls. 21 of the combustion chamber, is a space 20, which I fill with cinders or ashes loosely packed therein before the Hoor is laid over the top of the furnace. As the arch expands and rises under the heat of the furnace, when in operation, this lling of loosely packed cinders or ashes will be compressed, thereby preventing the eX- pansion of the furnace arch from causing an upheaval of the iioor 19. The lining walls for the charging openings pass freely through the floor openings, so that the movements of these lining walls, due to the expansion and contraction of the furnace arch, will not be trans- This floorl is of iirebrick, concaved longitudinally between the bridge walls 16, for a purpose;

Between the oor 19 and the arch` mitted `to the ioor. By thus permitting the arch of the furnace to rise and fall freely, due to its expansion and contraction under the operations of the furnace, I also relieve the side walls from the bulging effect of the eX- panding arches, and find that I can dispense with the use of buck stays to strengthen the walls against lateral strains. The filling, moreover, being a bad conductor of heat prevents the heat of the arch from passing up to the floor.

The floor bars 3, 4, and 7, consist of steel tubes 22, of about two and a half inches diameter, upon ,which fuebrick disks 23 are mounted to protect them from the heat of the fire and prevent them from being warped or burned out. I may insert between the disks and the tubes a lining of asbestos to further protect the tubes from the heat of the furnace, and I may slip a jacket of cast iron over the tubes before placing the rebrick thereon. These r'ebrick disks will have their joints closed with fire clay, and will lit in between the side walls ofthe flue chamber 2. This flue chamber is made narrower than the combustion chamber, and the ends oi the tubes 22 are mounted in suitable pockets formed in the side walls, said pockets being covered by the upper row of lining bricks 24 at the top of the flue chamber, said lining bricks being inclined at their upper surfaces at a suitable angle to cause the garbage, etc., deposited in the combustion chamber to move from the sides and settle upon the floor bars, as combustion thereof takes place. Instead of tubes I may use solid core bars.

At suitable intervals vertically movable iloor bars 4 are provided; the mechanism for lowering and raising said iioor bars comprising the adjustable slide bars 25, mounted vertically in the guide boxes 26 built into the masonry at each side of the flue chamber 2, the ends of the core tubes 22 of these iioor bars 4 being mounted upon the upper ends of the slide bars 25. The guide boxes 26 are provided at their lower' ends with extension plates 27, which cover pockets built in the outer masonry to receive the cams 29, by which the slide bars 25 are actuated. The inward sides oi the guide boxes 26 are slotted, as are the irebrick inner walls, at 28, (see Fig. 7.) to permit of the requisite movement up and down of the iioor bars; and I preferably incline the lower ends of the slots 28, as at 37, to prevent the accumulation of dust or ashes at the bottom of these slots.

The cams 29 are mounted upon transverse bars 33, which pass across below the floor l5, the ends of said bars projecting at the stoking side ofthe furnace, where they are squared to receive operating levers 34. These bars 33 will, however, be preferably cut from square steel stock oi the proper size to receive the squared holes in the hubs oi the cams 29 and levers 34; said bars being provided at each end, preferably just outside the cams, with cylindrical bushings 35, which will be mounted in journal blocks 36, built in to the outside masonry. The lower ends oi the slide bars 25 will be provided with rollers 30 resting on the grooved rims of the cams 29; said grooves at each end of the cams being provided with stops at 3l and 32 to prevent the rollers from riding out from the cams. When the cams are in the position shown in Fig. 8, the floor bars 4 will be in their elevated position; that is, in alinement with the stationary bars 3. To drop the floor bars, lever' 34 on the operating shaft 33 for the bar which it is desired to lower, will be thrown over to the right one-half turn, looking at the parts as shown in Fig. 8, thereby placing the cams in the position indicated in broken lines, and permitting the iioor bar to drop to its lowest position. When in this position the floor bar will open a passageway at each side between it and the adjacent stationary floor bars, thereby permitting the gases of combustion from the ilue chamber 2 to rise directly into the combustion chamber, and to pass thence over and into the garbage deposited upon the iioor bars between said opening and the chimney flue 8. A

Thus, if, in the furnace as illustrated in Fig. l, garbage has been received only suflcient to be deposited through the rst charging hole l0, the floor bar which is nearest this deposit oi garbage will be dropped, thereby permitting the gases of combustion to rise at this point directly into the combustion chamber, instead of being compelled to pass more or less to the farther end of the flue chamber, thereby economizing heat b v avoiding the longer transit el the gases through the iurnace. These iirebrick floor bars will be preferably twelve inches in diameter, and spaced about three inches apart, although this diameter and spacing may be varied to suit different conditions, thereby permitting the gases of combustion in the Hue chamber 2 to attack the garbage deposited thereon at the underside. and, after combustion, permitting the liner ash and cinders to drop to the gratos and receiving floor l5 below; the coarser materials being drawn out through stoke holes l2, and the ash being drawn out through the doors l7 and the ash pit doers 14.

By concaving the floor l5 between the bridge walls 16, liquids contained in the garbage which may run down between the iioer bars will flow to the center el" the floor where the heat is the strongest, and will be readily evaporated, the gases of evaporation mingling with the gases of combustion te increase the heat in the. iiue chamber.

At times, where noxious vapors are given ofi by the garbage, it is desirable to have a portion el the gases oi combustion irom the grate 5 delivered directly into the escaping gases as they pass into the chimney ilue, in order to consume the noxious fumes before they can passiout through the chimney flue 9. To open a passageway between the iirebox above the grate 5 and the iiue chamber l, between the end of said chamber and the iioor bars 3, I provide a plate 3S fastened at its upper end upon a bar which passes out at the stoking side of the furnace, where it is manipulated by a suitable lever. This flue plate 38 is held normally willi its lower edge against or in proximity to the lirst floor bar 3, and is thrown away from said bar when it is desired to open the passageway around the end oi the lloor into the combustion chamber.

When the iurnace is in operation, the garbage and other refuse will be deposited upon the floor bars through the charging openin gs and spread over the iloor bars by tools inserted through the stokin g doors at the side oi the furnace, lires being started on the gratos 5 and G, either before or aiter the iurnace is charged. In case only a portion of the furnace is to be charged, the iire on grate 6 need not be lighted, since the heat given ofi by the ro on grate 5 can be eiliciently applied to the smaller deposit o garbage, by carrying it up through the Iloor in close proximity thereto by way of the flue which is provided when a floor bar is depressed.

The furnace may be kept in continuous operation by continuing to feed the fires and depositing garbage in the combustion chamber from time to time, as it is consumed by the fires, to which it also acts as fuel, the ashes and residue being withdrawn by any oi the doors 17.

The gases of combustion from the grate 5 will pass through flue chamber 2 to the flue at the other end between the floor bars 3 and 7, heating and consuming to a certain extent the garbage, where exposed between the oor bars. The liquids in the garbage will flow down. and around the cylindrical sides of the bars, spreading out in a thin iilm thereon and being rapidly evaporated by the heat from beneath. Should the ilow of liquids be too great to be thus evaporated, the liquids will drop to the ioor 15, where evaporation will continue under the heat of the iiue chamber. After passing through the flue chamber, the gases of combustion will be augmented and reheated by the fire on grate 6, when the furnace is `in full blast, and the combined gases will pass through the combustion chamber to the stack above the garbage, drying it out and burning it down to ash and incombustible residue,

While, to a certain extent, the gases from the flue chamber will rise between the floor bars where not covered by garbage, this flow will be restricted and spread out over a considerable area, especially where the spaces between bars are quite narrow. To get the gases through the floor in sucient volume and in close proximity to the garbage, when the floor is not filled, I provide the drop bars 4, which when lowered also act to deiiect the gases and turn them upward through the large fiue so provided.

By placing the floor bars which receive the carcasses directly over the grate 6, the fats and oils exuding therefrom under the heat, will be caused to drop between the bars directly upon the fire, adding fuel thereto and assisting materially in hastening the burning of the bodies. Instead of placing the floor bars 7 above the level of the main iloor bars, I may place them on the same level with a sufficient flue space between.

Without confining myself, therefore, to the details of construction as herein described, what I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent isist' 1. In an incinerating furnace, the combination of a combustion-chamber, a flue-chamber beneath the combus-` tion-chamber, a yfloor between chambers, and means for opening and closing one or more passageways through the floor.

2. In an incineratng furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber', a flue 'chamber beneath the combustion chamber, a fireplace at one'end of the fiue chamber, a stack, a passageway leading to the stack from the combustion chamber at the end adjacent said fireplace, a door between said chambers, a passageway-between chambers at a point remote from the fireplace, and means for opening and closing one or more passageways through the floor at intermediate points.4

3. In an incnerating furnace, the combination of a combustion chamber, Ia fine chamber beneath the combustion chamber, alreplace at one end of the ue chamber, a stack, a passageway leading to the stack from the combustion chamber at the end adjacent said fireplace, a floor between said chambers comprising a plurality of transverse bars, and means for dropping and replacing certain of the floor bars to provide passageways through the floor at points more or less remote from the fireplace.

4. In an incinerating furnace, the 'combination of a combustion-chamber, a due-chamber beneath the combustion-chamber, a fire-place at each end of the nue-chamber, a stack and a passageway leading thereto from the combus'ton-chamber adjacent one of the fire-places, and a ioor between said chambers and above the fire-places comprising a plurality of parallel transverse bars, the floorbars above the fire-place remote from the passageway into vpassageway between chambers adjacent said fire-place.

5. In an incinerating furnace, the combination of a combustion-chamber, a flue-chamber beneath the combustion-chamber, a fire-place at one end of the due-chamber, a stack and a passageway leading thereto from the combustion-chamber at the end of the furnace adjacent said fireplace, a floor between said chambers and above the fire-place, a passageway between chambers at a point rcinote from the lire-place, a passageway from the fire-place to the combustion-chamber adjacent the stack, and means for opening and closing the last named passageway. i

6. In an incinerating furnace, the combination of a combustion-chamber, a Hue-chamber beneath the combustion-chamber, a floor for the combustion chamber comprising a plurality of transverse parallel bars, one or more of said bars being movable vertically, and means for dropping the movable bar or bars below the floor level and for returning the bar or bars so dropped to normal position.

7. In an incinerating furnace, the combination of a .combustion-chamber, a line-chamber beneath the combustion-chamber, a oor for the combustion-chamber compris- -ing a plurality of transverse parallel bars, one or more of said bars being movable vertically, vertical slide bars upon which the ends of the movable floor-bars are mounted, guide boxes for the slide-bars built into the masonry at opposite sides of the furnace, an operating shaft passing across beneath said boxes, cams mounted on said shaft with their peripheries in engagement with the lower ends of the slide bars, and means at one side of the furnace for turning the shaft.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

DAVID E. BENNETT.

Witnesses A. S; DIVEN, L. V. STonL'rzLnN.

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