US839984A - Thermo-electric generator. - Google Patents
Thermo-electric generator. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US839984A US839984A US29001705A US1905290017A US839984A US 839984 A US839984 A US 839984A US 29001705 A US29001705 A US 29001705A US 1905290017 A US1905290017 A US 1905290017A US 839984 A US839984 A US 839984A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- generator
- elements
- thermo
- junctions
- temperature
- Prior art date
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Links
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100180399 Mus musculus Izumo1r gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000008881 Oenanthe javanica Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000003800 Selectins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000184 Selectins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prometryn Chemical compound CSC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/854—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising only metals
Definitions
- Becembcr Z 1905. Serial No. 280,017.
- my invention consists, essentieiy, of e thermo-eieotrio generator comprising eienients oi' high using-points forming e. couple, elements of lower fusingpoints connected ,-to the elements of seid coupie, and ineens adopted to compensate for the eeot of variations oi' temperature et seid junctions.
- the former method is somewhat .cumbersome and imprecticebe and the letter diiiicut of realization, because ⁇ oi the amount of experimental 'Work involved in the search for the combination of metals 'Which vi/iii 'perfectly' eccolnpiish the desired results.
- l end 2 designete tahe elements oi o therrnwelectric coupe joined together et 3 in the usuari manner.
- This coupie is composed of nietas or cioys heving high fnsinpoints and cepebie of resisting extrerneiy high temperatures Without re ifi deterioration-essen, .for l effigie, es p etinum and en aiioy of )ietinuni ten per cent. of rhodium. it is iv'eii known that these materiels ere possessed of comparatively high resistance and ere very expensive.
- the elements 4 end 5 ere so for removed.
- ⁇ Whose com bined effect is to produce e current opposing or increasing the current deveioped by the ther1no-e1e ⁇ ctrc generator.
- the combined. .eiect of the secondary currents is to increase the current produced by thc ther1no-e1ectric generator, While in Figs. 3 and 4 the cornbined effect j of the vsecondery current is shown to oppose the current of the generetor.
- the elements et and 5 are au active part of the generator a whole, having its fire end at 3 and its cold end at E), and any thermoelectric effect isdependent solely upon dif"- ferences of temperature between. these two points, variations of temperature intermediate of these points having no e'ect u pon the generator.
- the resistance H isl so calculated as to increase the active efl'eet of the generator in the same proportion as the combined secondary effects ofl the junction or secondary couples would decrease it, thereby maintaining a correct current for the generator as' a whole, irrespective of the temperature variations at posit ions intermediate of its fire end 3 and cold end t),
- lt is obvious that l may employ resistances having negative temperature coefficients and arrange them accordingly; but fl' prefer to use a resistance. having tcn'iperatnre coefficient.
- the generator is provided with terminals 10 and l1. and leads l2 and l, which are adapted to be connected to the usual indieating or recording devices to indicate or rca positive cord the thermo-'electric efiect of said generator.
- thermo-electric generator compnsing: primary elements of high fusing-points forming a couple g secondary elements of lower fusing-points connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate of the hot and cold ends of said generator; and means independent of said elements adapted to compensate 'for the effects of said secondary couples.
- thermo-electric generator comprising: primary elements of platinum and an allo y of" platinum with. ten per cent. of rhodium, forming a couple; secondary elements of nickel-steel alloy and of iron, respectively connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate ofE the hot and cold end of said generator and means independent of said elements adapted to compensate for the effects ofz said secondary couples.
- thermo-electric generator comprising: primary elements of high fusing-points forming a couple, secondary elements of lower fusing-points connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate of the het and cold end of said generator; and a resistance located in close proximity to the junctions of said secondary'elements with the said primary elements, and adapted to compensate for the effects of said secondary couples.
- thermo-electric generator comprising; primary elements of platinum and an alloy of" platinum with ten percent. rhodium, forming a couple; secondary elements of nickel-steel alloy and of iron, respectively connected thereto and forming secondary couples interim-,diate of the hot and cold end of" said generator g and a resistance located in close proximity to the junctions of said secondary elements with the said primary elements, and adapted to compensate for the ef-.
- a thernio-electric generator comprising: elementsol high fusing-points forming a couple; secondary elements of lower fusing- .pomts connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate of the hot and cold end of said generator; and a resistance located in series with said generator and in close proximity to the junctions of said secondary elements with said primary elements, and adapted to compensate for the effects of said secondary couples.
- thermo-electric generator comprising: primary elements of platinum and an alloy ot' ⁇ platinum with ten per cent. rhodium, forming a couple; secondary elements of nickel-steel alloy and of iron, respectively connected thereto and forming 'secondary couples intermediate of the hot and cold end IIO lIq
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Description
W. E. BRISTOL.
QHFJRMO ELECTRIC GENERATOR.
` APPLIOATION FILED DBO. 2. 1905.
Specifxoetion of Letters Eetent.
etented Jan. i,
Appiicetion filed. Becembcr Z, 1905. Serial No. 280,017.
,Ton/ZZ .whom it may conce/rre:
Be it imovzn that i, Wimmer Beieren, e citizen of the United Stetes, enti e resident of New York, in the county oi' New York end State oi' New York, have invented certain. new end wech-i Improvements in Thermo- Eiectric Genere-tore, of which the .following is e specification. ,1,
`My invention hosieference to im' rovernents in thermo-electric gener'etors anepteci for use in pyrorneters, and reietes particuieriy to improvements on the generetordis closed in my prior potent, No. Toer-77, oi July 5, 1904.
it hes for its object to compensate for the effects of changes of temperature at the juno tion of the cheeper elements With the more ex ensive ones.`
`or this purpose my invention consists, essentieiy, of e thermo-eieotrio generator comprising eienients oi' high using-points forming e. couple, elements of lower fusingpoints connected ,-to the elements of seid coupie, and ineens adopted to compensate for the eeot of variations oi' temperature et seid junctions. i
'Heretofore it .hes been Proposed to join two eiements adoptedl to Witnstend. extremeiy high temperature with conductors less cepeble of resisting temperature, but of greater conducting and lese expensive me- Yteriei, end to rneintein seid conductors et their junctions et e comperetiveiy iow tempereture by Ineens ci e protective insulation surrounded by'nv Weten-jacket or by so selectin 'the materiel or arranging the junctions of sci conductors so that the effects of the temperature vcrietions upon the junctions will be neutralized. The former method is somewhat .cumbersome and imprecticebe and the letter diiiicut of realization, because `oi the amount of experimental 'Work involved in the search for the combination of metals 'Which vi/iii 'perfectly' eccolnpiish the desired results.
According to my present invention I epproznniete the generator disciosed in my prior potent, No. 754,177, end then ooinpiete the neutralization of the effects or temperetur'efverietions upon the junction by providingsnitebie compense-ting ineens so arranged with. respect to the generator that the tern pereture verietions et thc junctions Will-not eectthe generator e.. Whole.
The' rieture of invention vriii be best understood :in connection. with the eccompenyin'g'drewings, in which Figures 1 to e ere pis-n vic-Ws ci my iniproveci thermo-eiectric generator, showing the various ways of arranging the cornpen:
Asetting Ineens.
Similar nnmeres of reference designate corresponding parts throughout the severe-1 views. Y
Referrino now to the cirewings, l end 2 designete tahe elements oi o therrnwelectric coupe joined together et 3 in the usuari manner. This coupie is composed of nietas or cioys heving high fnsinpoints and cepebie of resisting extrerneiy high temperatures Without re ifi deterioration-essen, .for l effigie, es p etinum and en aiioy of )ietinuni ten per cent. of rhodium. it is iv'eii known that these materiels ere possessed of comparatively high resistance and ere very expensive. To reduce the cost and the resistance of the generator es o Whole, Ineke use of the elements 4 and 5 of e material or nisteriais which are comparative-1y inox-- pensive substances-for exemple, iron, steel, nickel, or eiloys thereof-end which have e.
lower fusing-point than the seid expensive' elements. Qwing to the inexpensiveness of the elements 4 and 5, they nley `therefore be mede of such proportions that they xviii offer but iittie'resistence to the posseggo of' the cofrrent and their resistance be inopprcciebiy affected, by tempera-ture variations.V
The elements 4 end 5 ere so for removed.
from the fire end 3 of thecouple that they do not receive the i'nll heet, but only radio1-ed or conducted hee-t, and ere therefore not subject to injury from the intense heet te which the expensive elements are subjected, the junctions being et the points 6 and 7.?,
In view of the feet that different nieta-is or metals and alloys meet et the junctions 6 and- 7 secondary couples ere formed, `Whose com bined effect is to produce e current opposing or increasing the current deveioped by the ther1no-e1e`ctrc generator. As indicated by the arrows in Figs. vi end 2, the combined. .eiect of the secondary currents is to increase the current produced by thc ther1no-e1ectric generator, While in Figs. 3 and 4 the cornbined effect j of the vsecondery current is shown to oppose the current of the generetor. To compensate for the secondary effect et the junctions end 7, il eroi/"1de e suitebie rcestencs 3, either in seri s or in perrege allel with said generator and located in close proximity to the said junctions, By these means i am enabled to compensate for or neutralize the effects due to the temperature variations upon the junctions 6 and 7 For example, as shown in Figs. l and 2, the tendency of the secondary effects is to increase the total effect of the generator with an increase of temperature at the junctions 6 and 7. To obviate this, l place the resistance 8 with positive resistance coefficient in series with one of the elements 4 and 5 or the elements 1 and 2, thereby affecting the generator as a whole. Being located in close proximity to the junctions 6 and 7, thisresistance will be increased'with an increase of temperature and is so calculated as to cut down Athe effect of the generator as a whole in the same proportion as the combined secondary effects of the junction or secondary couples would increase it'. l thus maintain a correct development ol current by th generator as a Whole, depending solely upoi the difference in temperature between the fire end 3 and the cold end 9.
The elements et and 5 are au active part of the generator a whole, having its fire end at 3 and its cold end at E), and any thermoelectric effect isdependent solely upon dif"- ferences of temperature between. these two points, variations of temperature intermediate of these points having no e'ect u pon the generator.
As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the tendency of." th.e combined secondary thern'io-electric ef"- fects is to oppose or decrease the thermoj electric effect of the generator with increase of temperature at the junctions 6 and 7. l therefore pl ce the resistance 8 of" positive resistance coefficient. in parallel with the genj erator as a whole, sliownio Figs. b and 4.
Then as the temperature increases at the `junctions t5 and 7 this resistance will also increase and will short-circuit less oll the current developed by the gmlerator, thereby increasing the effect of the generator asa whole. The resistance H isl so calculated as to increase the active efl'eet of the generator in the same proportion as the combined secondary effects ofl the junction or secondary couples would decrease it, thereby maintaining a correct current for the generator as' a whole, irrespective of the temperature variations at posit ions intermediate of its fire end 3 and cold end t),
lt is obvious that l may employ resistances having negative temperature coefficients and arrange them accordingly; but fl' prefer to use a resistance. having tcn'iperatnre coefficient.
The generator is provided with terminals 10 and l1. and leads l2 and l, which are adapted to be connected to the usual indieating or recording devices to indicate or rca positive cord the thermo-'electric efiect of said generator.
What I claim as new, and desire to secure by United States Letters Patent, is-
1. A thermo-electric generator compnsing: primary elements of high fusing-points forming a couple g secondary elements of lower fusing-points connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate of the hot and cold ends of said generator; and means independent of said elements adapted to compensate 'for the effects of said secondary couples.
2. A thermo-electric generator comprising: primary elements of platinum and an allo y of" platinum with. ten per cent. of rhodium, forming a couple; secondary elements of nickel-steel alloy and of iron, respectively connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate ofE the hot and cold end of said generator and means independent of said elements adapted to compensate for the effects ofz said secondary couples.
3. A thermo-electric generator comprising: primary elements of high fusing-points forming a couple, secondary elements of lower fusing-points connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate of the het and cold end of said generator; and a resistance located in close proximity to the junctions of said secondary'elements with the said primary elements, and adapted to compensate for the effects of said secondary couples.
4. A thermo-electric generator comprising; primary elements of platinum and an alloy of" platinum with ten percent. rhodium, forming a couple; secondary elements of nickel-steel alloy and of iron, respectively connected thereto and forming secondary couples interim-,diate of the hot and cold end of" said generator g and a resistance located in close proximity to the junctions of said secondary elements with the said primary elements, and adapted to compensate for the ef-.
feets of the said primary couples.
5. A thernio-electric generator comprising: elementsol high fusing-points forming a couple; secondary elements of lower fusing- .pomts connected thereto and forming secondary couples intermediate of the hot and cold end of said generator; and a resistance located in series with said generator and in close proximity to the junctions of said secondary elements with said primary elements, and adapted to compensate for the effects of said secondary couples.
6. A thermo-electric generator comprising: primary elements of platinum and an alloy ot'` platinum with ten per cent. rhodium, forming a couple; secondary elements of nickel-steel alloy and of iron, respectively connected thereto and forming 'secondary couples intermediate of the hot and cold end IIO lIq
' Vments Withseid ed to compensate for the effects of said secondary couples.
Signed et New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 29th day of November, A. D. 1905.
WILLIAM H. BRISTOL.
Witnesses:
FREDK.' F. ScHUETz, SALLYE O. YUDIzKY.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29001705A US839984A (en) | 1905-12-02 | 1905-12-02 | Thermo-electric generator. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29001705A US839984A (en) | 1905-12-02 | 1905-12-02 | Thermo-electric generator. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US839984A true US839984A (en) | 1907-01-01 |
Family
ID=2908455
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29001705A Expired - Lifetime US839984A (en) | 1905-12-02 | 1905-12-02 | Thermo-electric generator. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US839984A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3451859A (en) * | 1967-08-31 | 1969-06-24 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Noble metal thermocouple having base metal compensating leads |
-
1905
- 1905-12-02 US US29001705A patent/US839984A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3451859A (en) * | 1967-08-31 | 1969-06-24 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Noble metal thermocouple having base metal compensating leads |
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