US8311284B2 - Incapacity monitor - Google Patents

Incapacity monitor Download PDF

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Publication number
US8311284B2
US8311284B2 US12/281,010 US28101007A US8311284B2 US 8311284 B2 US8311284 B2 US 8311284B2 US 28101007 A US28101007 A US 28101007A US 8311284 B2 US8311284 B2 US 8311284B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
eye
incapacity
operator
measure
eyelid
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US12/281,010
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English (en)
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US20090034796A1 (en
Inventor
Murray Johns
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Optalert Holdings Pty Ltd
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Optalert Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2006901016A external-priority patent/AU2006901016A0/en
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Assigned to OPTALERT PTY LTD reassignment OPTALERT PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JOHNS, MURRAY
Publication of US20090034796A1 publication Critical patent/US20090034796A1/en
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1103Detecting eye twinkling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/163Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state by tracking eye movement, gaze, or pupil change
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/18Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K28/00Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
    • B60K28/02Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver
    • B60K28/06Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver
    • B60K28/066Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver actuating a signalling device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/184Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/20Workers
    • A61B2503/22Motor vehicles operators, e.g. drivers, pilots, captains
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806Sleep evaluation
    • A61B5/4809Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/6803Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6814Head
    • A61B5/6821Eye

Definitions

  • This invention relates to monitoring inattention and particularly incapacity in vehicle drivers or machinery operators.
  • WO 03/039358 disclosed an alertness monitor that used infra red light to measure the amplitude and velocity of eyelid and eye movements to derive a measure of Drowsiness on a scale. This monitor sought to provide a real time alertness monitor that can provide a calibrated measure of the operator's alertness.
  • driver distraction not just drowsiness. By distraction they mean displacement of the driver's focus of visual attention from the driving task, either to a non-visual task (eg talking to other people in the vehicle, or the use of mobile phones), or to an alternative, visual task that reduces driving safety temporarily (reading a map or navigation system, adjusting a CD player or radio, etc).
  • driver distraction is concerned with attention that is focused inappropriately, in direction and duration, for safe driving.
  • the concept of a driver's incapacity seems to be applied primarily in the rail industry. It refers to some medical or other condition that makes the driver lose consciousness, not just enter the readily reversible states of drowsiness sleep, or distraction. This has been a major focus of interest in Australia after the a rail crash in which the driver died of a heart attack, but the train kept going and was derailed, killing passengers.
  • the medical conditions that are most likely to be involved in such incidents are sudden death (eg heart attack or stroke), hypoglycaemia in diabetics, and epileptic seizures.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,870 uses eye tracker data such as fixations and saccades to infer mental states of the operator such as scanning, reading, searching, thinking and an intention to select. It is a system to enhance computer software responsiveness.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,887 uses a video based eye tracking system which tracks eye activity and pupil diameter and position to produce a signal representing eye activity that can be used to estimate alertness.
  • the present invention provides a system for monitoring incapacity which includes
  • the infra red detection system disclosed in WO 03/039358 can also measure periods when there are no eye or eyelid movements.
  • Prolonged ocular quiescence is a good marker of “incapacity”.
  • the mean duration of ocular quiescence (DOQ) per minute is the mean of the intervals between consecutive eye and eyelid movements of any kind, including saccades, blinks, vestibulo-ocular movements, etc. Relatively long periods of ocular quiescence are typical of the drowsy state for many subjects.
  • This invention is in partly based on the analysis of the duration of such intervals for truck drivers on the road and train drivers actually driving a train. Drivers usually make some sort of eye or eyelid movement (saccades, blinks, vestibulo-ocular movements, etc) several times per sec.
  • Ocular quiescent periods of more than about 6 sec are rare and are used in this invention as a trigger for “potential incapacity” warning. This is preferably followed by further specific testing of the driver by asking him to push a button as soon as possible after the warning is given. This would overcome the occasional problem of false positive warnings and the brakes being applied inappropriately. Warnings caused by occasional prolonged periods of ocular quiescence that are not caused by incapacity are easily negated by the operator providing an appropriate response to the potential incapacity warning.
  • Each potential incapacity warning triggered by ocular quiescence requires a response from the operator. Such an action by the operator indicates that the warning was a false positive and would focus the operator's attention back on the task of driving or machine operation as the case may be.
  • the emergency procedure will vary according to the type of vehicle or machine being operated and may include braking the vehicle to bring it to a stop and/or transmitting a report to a central control post.
  • this invention provides a method of controlling a vehicle or machine in which the operator is monitored by
  • Eyelid movement and saccades may be monitored using any suitable technology including video or digital camera technology to identify and measure the appropriate eye movements.
  • video or digital camera technology to identify and measure the appropriate eye movements.
  • apparatus and algortitms disclosed in WO 03/039358 are preferred.
  • FIG. 1 is a frequency histogram illustrating the frequency of various periods of ocular quiescence in train drivers
  • FIG. 2 is a frequency histogram illustrating the frequency of various periods of ocular quiescence in car drivers
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of one embodiment of an incapacity monitor according to this invention.
  • the eye monitoring apparatus used in this invention is of the same kind as described in the inventor's earlier patent application WO 03/039358.
  • WO 03/039358 described glasses with transducers (IR-LEDs and phototransistors) on both eyes. The reason for this was that binocular coordination changed with drowsiness which made it essential to record from both eyes. However, based on further research by the inventor, it appears that the measurement of binocular coordination becomes more inaccurate as drowsiness progresses. Thus where the measurement of binocular coordination is not required recordings from one eye are sufficient for all other parameters.
  • FIG. 1 is a frequency histogram of 59,310 intervals without eye or eyelid movement in two train drivers over 4 hours.
  • FIG. 2 is a frequency histogram of 141278 intervals without eye or eyelid movement in seven car drivers over 6 hours.
  • an ocular quiescent period of 4 or 5 seconds or greater is sufficiently rare that a warning which requires a response from the operator would not be too frequent to be irritating or annoying.
  • the appropriate time can be determined by conducting a preliminary survey of a sample of drivers or operators for each type of vehicle or machine.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the operation of an incapacity monitor according to this invention designed for use on trains.
  • the first step in a cyclic procedure is to check if the glasses frame carrying the emitters and detectors is being worn. If they are not being worn and the speed of the train is above a preset minimum speed (such as in the shunting yard) a warning is given to prompt the train driver to put the glasses on. If no response is received the brake warning is given and then if no response is given the braking system of the train is automatically actuated.
  • a preset minimum speed such as in the shunting yard
  • the periods of ocular quiescence and the time required for a response can be determined by selecting values that will provide fewer warnings without increasing the risk of an accident.
  • the present invention provides a unique measure of incapacity and a reliable predictor of a person's capacity to operate machinery or vehicles.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Social Psychology (AREA)
  • Psychology (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
US12/281,010 2006-03-01 2007-02-28 Incapacity monitor Expired - Fee Related US8311284B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006901016 2006-03-01
AU2006901016A AU2006901016A0 (en) 2006-03-01 Attention Monitor
PCT/AU2007/000219 WO2007098530A1 (en) 2006-03-01 2007-02-28 Incapacity monitor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090034796A1 US20090034796A1 (en) 2009-02-05
US8311284B2 true US8311284B2 (en) 2012-11-13

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US12/281,010 Expired - Fee Related US8311284B2 (en) 2006-03-01 2007-02-28 Incapacity monitor

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US (1) US8311284B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1988815B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2009528600A (zh)
KR (1) KR101259663B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101426418B (zh)
AU (1) AU2007219703B2 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0708414A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2644053C (zh)
IL (1) IL193456A (zh)
MX (1) MX2008010625A (zh)
NZ (1) NZ570352A (zh)
RU (1) RU2008138893A (zh)
WO (1) WO2007098530A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200807032B (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150057931A1 (en) * 2013-08-21 2015-02-26 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Adapting vehicle personality using analyzed driver performance metrics
DE102015217339A1 (de) * 2015-09-10 2017-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gesichtsfelderkennung in Schienenfahrzeugen

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ570352A (en) * 2006-03-01 2012-03-30 Optalert Pty Ltd Monitoring incapacity of machine or vehicle operator using measurement of the period of ocular quiescence
US8040247B2 (en) * 2009-03-23 2011-10-18 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. System for rapid detection of drowsiness in a machine operator
CN102393796B (zh) * 2011-07-25 2014-06-18 金宇 基于眨眼特征提取的控制方法及基于该方法的拍摄眼镜
ES2436699B1 (es) * 2012-06-29 2014-12-22 Nil BARNOSELL MORERA Sistema de detección de somnolencia o distracción del conductor de un vehículo automóvil
US9090234B2 (en) 2012-11-19 2015-07-28 Magna Electronics Inc. Braking control system for vehicle
US9265458B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2016-02-23 Sync-Think, Inc. Application of smooth pursuit cognitive testing paradigms to clinical drug development
US9380976B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2016-07-05 Sync-Think, Inc. Optical neuroinformatics
JP7318475B2 (ja) * 2019-10-10 2023-08-01 マツダ株式会社 運転者状態判定装置

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WO1997015033A2 (de) 1995-10-21 1997-04-24 Paetz Joachim Verfahren und vorrichtung zur unterbindung des einschlafens und der reaktionskontrolle von personen
US5745038A (en) 1997-03-21 1998-04-28 Vance; David L. Awakening alarm for motor vehicle operators
WO1998049028A1 (en) 1997-04-25 1998-11-05 Applied Science Group, Inc. An alertness monitor
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WO2000024309A1 (fr) 1998-10-22 2000-05-04 Renault Detection de somnolence d'un conducteur de vehicule
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US20010028309A1 (en) 1996-08-19 2001-10-11 Torch William C. System and method for monitoring eye movement
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WO2003039358A1 (en) 2001-11-08 2003-05-15 Sleep Diagnostics Pty Ltd Alertness monitor
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US20050007552A1 (en) * 2003-02-13 2005-01-13 Fergason Patent Properties, Llc Optical system for monitoring eye movement
US20050020934A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2005-01-27 Charles Potter Physiological monitoring
WO2005094667A2 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-10-13 Torch William C Biosensors, communicators, and controllers monitoring eye movement and methods for using them
WO2006092022A1 (en) 2005-03-04 2006-09-08 Sleep Diagnostics Pty. Ltd Measuring alertness
US20080188777A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-08-07 Canadian Space Agency System and Method For Mental Workload Measurement Based on Rapid Eye Movement
US20090034796A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-02-05 Optalert Pty Ltd Incapacity monitor
US20090062680A1 (en) * 2007-09-04 2009-03-05 Brain Train Artifact detection and correction system for electroencephalograph neurofeedback training methodology
US20090141895A1 (en) * 2007-11-29 2009-06-04 Oculis Labs, Inc Method and apparatus for secure display of visual content
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US6346887B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2002-02-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Eye activity monitor
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CN2448644Y (zh) * 2000-10-19 2001-09-19 温宇彬 防瞌睡提醒器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4665385A (en) * 1985-02-05 1987-05-12 Henderson Claude L Hazardous condition monitoring system
EP0280124A1 (en) 1987-02-12 1988-08-31 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. Doze detector
US5845000A (en) * 1992-05-05 1998-12-01 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Optical identification and monitoring system using pattern recognition for use with vehicles
WO1997015033A2 (de) 1995-10-21 1997-04-24 Paetz Joachim Verfahren und vorrichtung zur unterbindung des einschlafens und der reaktionskontrolle von personen
US20010028309A1 (en) 1996-08-19 2001-10-11 Torch William C. System and method for monitoring eye movement
US6070098A (en) 1997-01-11 2000-05-30 Circadian Technologies, Inc. Method of and apparatus for evaluation and mitigation of microsleep events
US5745038A (en) 1997-03-21 1998-04-28 Vance; David L. Awakening alarm for motor vehicle operators
WO1998049028A1 (en) 1997-04-25 1998-11-05 Applied Science Group, Inc. An alertness monitor
US20030020755A1 (en) * 1997-04-30 2003-01-30 Lemelson Jerome H. System and methods for controlling automatic scrolling of information on a display or screen
WO2000024309A1 (fr) 1998-10-22 2000-05-04 Renault Detection de somnolence d'un conducteur de vehicule
US20040044293A1 (en) * 1999-01-27 2004-03-04 David Burton Vigilance monitoring system
US6147612A (en) 1999-11-10 2000-11-14 Ruan; Ying Chao Dual function optic sleep preventing device for vehicle drivers
US20020180799A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Peck Charles C. Eye gaze control of dynamic information presentation
US20050020934A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2005-01-27 Charles Potter Physiological monitoring
WO2003039358A1 (en) 2001-11-08 2003-05-15 Sleep Diagnostics Pty Ltd Alertness monitor
US20040233061A1 (en) * 2001-11-08 2004-11-25 Murray Johns Alertness monitor
US7071831B2 (en) 2001-11-08 2006-07-04 Sleep Diagnostics Pty., Ltd. Alertness monitor
US7616125B2 (en) 2001-11-08 2009-11-10 Optalert Pty Ltd Alertness monitor
US20050007552A1 (en) * 2003-02-13 2005-01-13 Fergason Patent Properties, Llc Optical system for monitoring eye movement
WO2005094667A2 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-10-13 Torch William C Biosensors, communicators, and controllers monitoring eye movement and methods for using them
US20080188777A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-08-07 Canadian Space Agency System and Method For Mental Workload Measurement Based on Rapid Eye Movement
WO2006092022A1 (en) 2005-03-04 2006-09-08 Sleep Diagnostics Pty. Ltd Measuring alertness
US20090034796A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-02-05 Optalert Pty Ltd Incapacity monitor
US8095490B2 (en) * 2006-03-27 2012-01-10 Panasonic Corporation User support device, method, and program
US20090062680A1 (en) * 2007-09-04 2009-03-05 Brain Train Artifact detection and correction system for electroencephalograph neurofeedback training methodology
US20090141895A1 (en) * 2007-11-29 2009-06-04 Oculis Labs, Inc Method and apparatus for secure display of visual content

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150057931A1 (en) * 2013-08-21 2015-02-26 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Adapting vehicle personality using analyzed driver performance metrics
US9103688B2 (en) * 2013-08-21 2015-08-11 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Adapting vehicle personality using analyzed driver performance metrics
DE102015217339A1 (de) * 2015-09-10 2017-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gesichtsfelderkennung in Schienenfahrzeugen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101426418A (zh) 2009-05-06
KR101259663B1 (ko) 2013-05-02
EP1988815A1 (en) 2008-11-12
IL193456A (en) 2012-05-31
CA2644053A1 (en) 2007-09-07
ZA200807032B (en) 2009-10-28
MX2008010625A (es) 2009-01-09
EP1988815B1 (en) 2014-08-06
CA2644053C (en) 2015-06-30
AU2007219703B2 (en) 2010-02-11
EP1988815A4 (en) 2011-12-21
IL193456A0 (en) 2009-05-04
US20090034796A1 (en) 2009-02-05
NZ570352A (en) 2012-03-30
WO2007098530A1 (en) 2007-09-07
AU2007219703A1 (en) 2007-09-07
RU2008138893A (ru) 2010-04-10
KR20080106907A (ko) 2008-12-09
JP2009528600A (ja) 2009-08-06
BRPI0708414A2 (pt) 2011-05-31
CN101426418B (zh) 2012-11-14

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