US8237527B2 - Bistable permanent magnetic actuator - Google Patents

Bistable permanent magnetic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
US8237527B2
US8237527B2 US13/115,839 US201113115839A US8237527B2 US 8237527 B2 US8237527 B2 US 8237527B2 US 201113115839 A US201113115839 A US 201113115839A US 8237527 B2 US8237527 B2 US 8237527B2
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Prior art keywords
movable element
permanent magnets
hollow space
plates
actuator
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Expired - Fee Related
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US13/115,839
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US20110304417A1 (en
Inventor
Young Gyu AN
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LS Electric Co Ltd
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LSIS Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/066—Electromagnets with movable winding

Definitions

  • This specification relates to a bistable permanent magnetic actuator, and more particularly, an actuator for working a circuit breaker and a switch of electric power equipment using a magnetic force of a permanent magnet.
  • widely used types of actuators for providing a driving force to switch on or off (open or close) contact points generally include a spring type, which uses elastic energy accumulated in a spring to obtain a switching driving force, and a hydro-pneumatic type, which uses hydraulic pressure and air pressure to obtain the switching driving force.
  • the spring type actuator has the structure of providing the switching driving force by cooperation with many mechanical components, which may be difficult to acquire operation reliability.
  • the hydro-pneumatic type actuator provides a switching driving force sensitive to the change in temperature, which may also be difficult to acquire the operation reliability.
  • the permanent magnetic actuator is configured to secure (fix) a movable element therein to be movable within a predetermined stroke using the magnetic force of the permanent magnet and make the movable element moved within the stroke by interaction of a magnetic force generated by supplying electric energy to a coil.
  • a circuit breaker is opened or closed.
  • the permanent magnetic actuators may be classified into a bistable type and a monostable type according to the type of movable element (member) being secured at a certain position.
  • the bistable type has a structure that the movable element is fixed by the permanent magnet at both ends of a certain stroke
  • the monostable type has a structure that the movable element is fixed at one of both ends of the stroke.
  • the bistable permanent magnetic actuator is more advantageous than the monostable type requiring a separate suspending member, in the aspect that the movable element is fixed by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet so as to allow a closing/opening operation without a separate member in both cases of performing opening and closing operations with respect to electric power equipment, namely, bidirectionally moving the movable element.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a bistable permanent magnetic actuator.
  • the actuator includes an upper cylinder 14 having an upper coil 12 wound therein, a middle cylinder 18 located at a lower side of the upper cylinder 14 and fixing a permanent magnet 16 , and a lower cylinder 22 having a lower coil 20 wound therein.
  • the upper, middle and lower cylinders are assembled to define a hollow hole, in which a movable element 24 is installed to be movable up and down.
  • An open spring 26 is installed at one end of the movable element 24 .
  • the movable element 24 remains secured by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 16 in a contact state with a protruded portion of the lower cylinder 22 .
  • the upper cylinder 14 is magnetized to apply an upward force to the movable element 24 .
  • the movable element 24 is moved up to be in a state shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the movable element 24 remains in the state shown in FIG. 3 by virtue of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 16 even if the current is blocked.
  • the lower cylinder 22 is magnetized and thereby the movable element 24 is moved down to be back into the state shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the movable element can be reciprocated up and down by applying the current to the upper and lower coils, respectively, and the reciprocating motion of the movable element allows the circuit breaker to be tripped/closed.
  • the open spring 26 is compressed when the movable element 24 is located at a lower side, and decompressed when the movable element 24 is located at an upper side. Also, the open spring 26 is provided to more facilitate performing of an opening operation when a contact point is manually opened from external electric power equipment in a state that the permanent magnetic actuator is connected to the electric power equipment (circuit breaker or switch).
  • the related art permanent magnetic actuator having the structure has a merit in that such structure is simpler than other existing actuators and operates stably even without separate repair and maintenance.
  • each of the upper, middle and lower cylinders should be fabricated through a mechanical work, which requires a high machining cost.
  • such cylinders should be precisely assembled to ensure a smooth operation of the movable element.
  • the precise assembly is difficult.
  • the permanent magnet should be processed into an annular shape, the processing cost for the magnet is also increased.
  • Use of a single permanent magnet makes the assembly difficult due to the strong magnetic force of the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet and the movable element are in a contact state, which may cause damages on the permanent magnet due to collision between the permanent magnet and the movable element during operation of the movable element.
  • an aspect of the detailed description is to provide a bistable permanent magnetic actuator capable of being easily fabricated and reducing a fabrication cost thereof.
  • Another aspect of the detailed description is to provide a permanent magnet actuator capable of minimizing concerns about damage on a permanent magnet, which may be caused by a movable element during operation.
  • a permanent magnetic actuator including a flux inducing unit having a hollow space therein and formed by laminating a plurality of plates, a movable element disposed in the hollow space of the flux inducing unit to be reciprocated, permanent magnets installed at inner walls of the hollow space, and guide members located between the permanent magnets and the movable element and configured to guide reciprocating motion of the movable element.
  • the guide members may be provided between the permanent magnets and the movable element to prevent direct collision therebetween, thereby obviating damages on the permanent magnets.
  • the flux inducing unit which forms an outer appearance of the actuator and corresponds to the upper, lower and middle cylinders of the related art, may be more easily fabricated by laminating a plurality of plates. That is, intermediate products, which are produced by pressing plates, can be laminated to fabricate the flux inducing unit, which may allow easier fabrication than the machining into a complicated form and improve efficiency of using such materials.
  • each guide member may come in contact with the permanent magnet, and another side surface thereof may be in parallel to an inner wall of the hollow space.
  • two of the permanent magnets may be respectively disposed at both inner walls of the hollow space with an inclination angle therebetween.
  • Support members may be disposed at both ends of each permanent magnet.
  • the support members may be located between the corresponding permanent magnets so as to function as a type of flux barrier. Accordingly, flux saturation of the flux inducing unit and the guide members can be obviated and the flux can be concentrated on the movable element, thereby increasing a driving force and a fixing force for fixing the movable element.
  • the permanent magnets may be spaced apart from one another, such that a space between the permanent magnet can function as a flux barrier.
  • the movable element may include a pair of movable plates disposed at both end sides of the hollow space, and a coil interposed between the movable plates.
  • the flux inducing unit which forms an outer appearance of the actuator and induce flux to operate the movable element, can be configured by laminating plates, thereby being more easily fabricated with lower costs.
  • the guide members may be disposed between the movable element and the permanent magnets so as to prevent damages on the permanent magnets, which may be caused due to collision against the movable element during operation of the movable element, thereby prolonging the lifespan of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a structure of a general bistable permanent magnetic actuator according to the related art
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views each showing an operating state of the permanent magnetic actuator shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one exemplary embodiment of a permanent magnetic actuator
  • FIG. 5 is a disassembled perspective view showing an assembled structure of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an operating state of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one exemplary embodiment of a permanent magnetic actuator
  • FIG. 5 is a disassembled perspective view showing the assembled structure of the permanent magnetic actuator
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an inner structure of the permanent magnetic actuator.
  • the permanent magnetic actuator 100 may include a flux inducing unit 110 having an overall rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the flux inducing unit 110 may have a structure that a plurality of plates, each having a hollow space 112 at a center thereof, are laminated to have a predetermined thickness.
  • the hollow space 112 may have upper and lower surfaces formed in parallel to upper and lower surfaces of the flux inducing unit 110 , and also have both side walls whose central portions are protruded to an outside of the flux inducing unit 110 , respectively.
  • Two permanent magnets 120 may be disposed respectively at both side walls of the hollow spaces 112 .
  • the exemplary embodiment 100 may include totally four permanent magnets 120 .
  • the two permanent magnets 120 disposed at one side wall may be inclined with each other due to the shape of the side wall.
  • First and second support members 122 a and 122 b may be installed at both ends of each permanent magnet 120 .
  • the first support member 122 a may be located at the outermost sides of two permanent magnets 120 , respectively, and the second support member 122 b may be located between the two permanent magnets 120 .
  • the first and second support members 122 a and 122 b may be made of a non-conductive substance so as to serve as flux barriers between the two permanent magnets 120 .
  • Guide plates 130 may be disposed at surfaces of the permanent magnets 120 , facing the hollow space 112 .
  • Each of the guide plates 130 may be formed by laminating a plurality of rectangular plates, but it may not always have to have such laminated structure.
  • the guide plates 130 are relatively simple in structure, so they may be integrally formed through a typical mechanical work.
  • the guide plates 130 may be fixed in a contact state with the permanent magnets 120 , and their hypotenuse sides may be exposed inside the hollow space 112 .
  • the first support members 122 a , the guide plates 130 and the hollow space 112 may have a position relation that a surface defined as the components contact each other can be a flat surface so as to allow a movable element (member) 140 , which will be explained later, to be smoothly reciprocated within the hollow space 112 .
  • the movable element 140 may be mounted within a space defined by the hollow space 112 , the guide plates 130 and the first supporting members 122 a to be reciprocated up and down based on FIG. 4 .
  • the movable element 140 may include an upper movable plate 142 a and a lower movable plate 142 b located at upper and lower portions thereof, respectively, and a coil 144 wound between the upper and lower movable plates 142 a and 142 b .
  • a movable element shaft 146 may be installed through the upper and lower movable plates 142 a and 142 b .
  • the upper and lower movable plates 142 a and 142 b may be connected by a connecting member and thus substantially have a shape like an alphabet “H.”
  • the coil 144 may be wound around the connecting member.
  • the upper and lower movable plates 142 a and 142 b and the connecting member may also be formed in a laminated structure of a plurality of plates.
  • support plates 148 may be interposed between the flux inducing units 110 .
  • the support plates 148 may be provided as a pair, facing each other, and fix the movable element shaft 146 therebetween.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fixed state of the movable element 140 with being in contact with the lower portion of the hollow space 112 .
  • flux generated by the permanent magnets 120 forms a magnetic circuit defined by the guide plates 130 , air gaps between the guide plates 130 and the movable element 140 , the lower movable plate 142 b and the flux inducing unit 110 .
  • the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 120 is applied to the lower movable plate 142 b . Consequently, the movable element 140 remains in the state shown in FIG. 6 unless an external force stronger than a predetermined force is applied thereto.
  • the movable element 140 can move up or down according to a direction of applying current to the coil 144 , and this mechanism can be used to operate a circuit breaker or a switch. During those processes, the movable element 140 may merely come in contact with the guide plates 130 and the flux inducing unit 110 or the first support members 122 a without contact with the permanent magnet 120 , which results in minimizing damages on the permanent magnets 120 due to collision against the movable element 140 .
  • first and second support members 122 a and 122 b may serve as flux barriers so as to minimize (prevent) flux saturation of the guide plates 130 and concentrate flux into the movable element 140 , thereby increasing a driving force and a fixing force, by which the movable element 140 can be fixed to the upper wall or a lower wall of the hollow space 112 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
US13/115,839 2010-06-10 2011-05-25 Bistable permanent magnetic actuator Expired - Fee Related US8237527B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020100055037A KR101388085B1 (ko) 2010-06-10 2010-06-10 바이스테이블 영구자석형 조작기
KR10-2010-0055037 2010-06-10

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US20110304417A1 US20110304417A1 (en) 2011-12-15
US8237527B2 true US8237527B2 (en) 2012-08-07

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US13/115,839 Expired - Fee Related US8237527B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2011-05-25 Bistable permanent magnetic actuator

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8237527B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2395519B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5462220B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101388085B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN102280987B (ja)
ES (1) ES2553380T3 (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140184369A1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2014-07-03 Contitech Vibration Control Gmbh Actuator
US9514872B2 (en) * 2014-12-19 2016-12-06 General Electric Company Electromagnetic actuator and method of use
US20180374667A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2018-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electrical contact apparatus, assemblies, and methods of operation
US11448103B2 (en) * 2018-06-28 2022-09-20 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Electromagnetic soft actuators

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3008542B1 (fr) * 2013-07-09 2015-10-02 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de detection du rearmement d'un disjoncteur, actionneur d'un mecanisme de separation des contacts du disjoncteur, disjoncteur electrique et utilisation d'un courant induit pour generer un signal d'indication du rearmement
DE102018001243A1 (de) * 2018-02-16 2019-08-22 Kendrion (Donaueschingen/Engelswies) GmbH Bistabiler elektromagnetischer Hubaktor sowie Drahtziehmaschine

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US2899609A (en) * 1959-08-11 andrews
US3161793A (en) * 1960-09-13 1964-12-15 Nat Res Dev Electrical machines involving the reciprocation of moving parts
JPS5899256A (ja) * 1981-12-07 1983-06-13 Toshiba Corp ボイスコイルモ−タ
US4612592A (en) * 1979-12-26 1986-09-16 Burroughs Corporation Dual coil/dual magnet actuator
JPS63181660A (ja) * 1987-01-23 1988-07-26 Toshiba Corp リニア直流モ−タ
JPH07294363A (ja) * 1994-04-22 1995-11-10 Akashi:Kk 遠心式釣合い試験機における振動検出器
US6020567A (en) * 1997-03-25 2000-02-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Operation apparatus of circuit breaker
US6373675B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2002-04-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Operating apparatus for switching device
US20020153982A1 (en) 2001-04-19 2002-10-24 R. Audemars Sa Electromagnetic actuator
US6476702B1 (en) * 1998-08-29 2002-11-05 Contitech Vibration Control Gmbh Electromagnetic actuator with an oscillating spring-mass system
EP1710813A1 (fr) 2004-12-30 2006-10-11 Areva T&D Sa Actionneur électromagnétique bistable
US20080204174A1 (en) 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Linear actuator and apparatus utilizing the same
US20080290972A1 (en) * 2007-05-23 2008-11-27 Kuhnke Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Actuation magnet for moving a closure needle of a hot-runner nozzle of an injection molding tool
WO2009109444A1 (de) 2008-03-06 2009-09-11 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Elektromagnetische stellvorrichtung
US20100060393A1 (en) 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic linear actuator
US20100164661A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-07-01 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. Cylinder type bistable permanent magnetic actuator
US7800470B2 (en) * 2007-02-12 2010-09-21 Engineering Matters, Inc. Method and system for a linear actuator with stationary vertical magnets and coils
US7982567B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2011-07-19 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Electromagnetic actuator and switch apparatus equipped with such an electromagnetic actuator

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JPH03122513U (ja) * 1990-03-26 1991-12-13
JPH05152125A (ja) * 1991-11-27 1993-06-18 Jidosha Denki Kogyo Co Ltd アクチユエータの制御方法
JP2003031097A (ja) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 開閉器の操作装置
JP4549173B2 (ja) * 2004-12-13 2010-09-22 三菱電機株式会社 電磁操作機構
JP5150155B2 (ja) * 2007-02-23 2013-02-20 株式会社東芝 リニアアクチュエータおよびリニアアクチュエータを利用した装置

Patent Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899609A (en) * 1959-08-11 andrews
US3161793A (en) * 1960-09-13 1964-12-15 Nat Res Dev Electrical machines involving the reciprocation of moving parts
US4612592A (en) * 1979-12-26 1986-09-16 Burroughs Corporation Dual coil/dual magnet actuator
JPS5899256A (ja) * 1981-12-07 1983-06-13 Toshiba Corp ボイスコイルモ−タ
JPS63181660A (ja) * 1987-01-23 1988-07-26 Toshiba Corp リニア直流モ−タ
JPH07294363A (ja) * 1994-04-22 1995-11-10 Akashi:Kk 遠心式釣合い試験機における振動検出器
US6020567A (en) * 1997-03-25 2000-02-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Operation apparatus of circuit breaker
US6476702B1 (en) * 1998-08-29 2002-11-05 Contitech Vibration Control Gmbh Electromagnetic actuator with an oscillating spring-mass system
US6373675B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2002-04-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Operating apparatus for switching device
US20020153982A1 (en) 2001-04-19 2002-10-24 R. Audemars Sa Electromagnetic actuator
EP1710813A1 (fr) 2004-12-30 2006-10-11 Areva T&D Sa Actionneur électromagnétique bistable
US7800470B2 (en) * 2007-02-12 2010-09-21 Engineering Matters, Inc. Method and system for a linear actuator with stationary vertical magnets and coils
US20080204174A1 (en) 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Linear actuator and apparatus utilizing the same
US20080290972A1 (en) * 2007-05-23 2008-11-27 Kuhnke Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Actuation magnet for moving a closure needle of a hot-runner nozzle of an injection molding tool
US7982567B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2011-07-19 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Electromagnetic actuator and switch apparatus equipped with such an electromagnetic actuator
WO2009109444A1 (de) 2008-03-06 2009-09-11 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Elektromagnetische stellvorrichtung
US20100060393A1 (en) 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic linear actuator
US20100164661A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-07-01 Ls Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. Cylinder type bistable permanent magnetic actuator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140184369A1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2014-07-03 Contitech Vibration Control Gmbh Actuator
US9620271B2 (en) * 2011-09-06 2017-04-11 Contitech Vibration Control Gmbh Actuator
US20180374667A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2018-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electrical contact apparatus, assemblies, and methods of operation
US9514872B2 (en) * 2014-12-19 2016-12-06 General Electric Company Electromagnetic actuator and method of use
US11448103B2 (en) * 2018-06-28 2022-09-20 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Electromagnetic soft actuators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20110135240A (ko) 2011-12-16
CN102280987B (zh) 2014-07-02
EP2395519B1 (en) 2015-09-02
US20110304417A1 (en) 2011-12-15
JP5462220B2 (ja) 2014-04-02
JP2011258955A (ja) 2011-12-22
CN102280987A (zh) 2011-12-14
KR101388085B1 (ko) 2014-04-22
EP2395519A1 (en) 2011-12-14
ES2553380T3 (es) 2015-12-09

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