US814466A - Nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines - Google Patents

Description

No. 814,466. P .A'I'ENTED MAR. 6,'19062Y G. BLBYERSBERG.

NozzLB PoR BLASTIC FLUID TURBI'NES. APPLICATION FILED HAY 6. 1905;

, www# y a built-up structure, t

-' nozzles are arranged ina stationary part of UNITED sTATEs GUSTAV MEYERSBERG, OF BERLIN,

PATENT OFFICE.

GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL NOZZLE FOR ELASTlC-FLUID TURBINES.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 6, 1906. f

Applicatie sied May e, 1905. serai No. 259.990.

To ILZZ whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, GUS'rAv MEYERSBERG, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary,

residing atBerlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Nozzles for ElasticFluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the'art of making nozzlesfor elastic-fluid turbines; and its object is to improve the method of constructing the nozzles so that theycan be manufactured at relatively'low cost with a high degree of accuracyl and in lesstime than is re uired accordi to the methods usually emp o ed. I' attain t ese results b making the nozzle as lie individual parts of which are accurately machined and completely finished before assembling, and for economy of production they are preferably made in large quantities. In practice the the turbine at one or more points adjacent to the buckets of the Wheel or wheels to discharge the motive'fluid against them. They may be supported in the wall of the casing, in a diaphragm, or in a ring or segment there- .of adapted to be secured to the casing or diaphragm. The member designedv to support the nozzle or nozzles is provided with one or more openings or recesses, cast or otherwise formed therein, in which the nozzle parts are assembled. For a nozzle comprising a' plurality of fluid-discharging passages, or, as commonly termed, a sectionalized nozzle, the' opening is segmental in shape, having al curvature corresponding to that of the wheel, and the nozzle parts are arranged therein to divide it into separate fluid-discharging assa'ges and form at the same time the wal s of the latter. Ina single-passage nozzle the opening in the supporting member'is prefer-l ably rectangular in cross.- section, and the parts are fitted thereinto face the walls of the opening and form the passage. which constitute the set for each fluid-discharging or nozzle passage comprise a pair of suitably-formed pieces which formtwo end walls and a pair of suitably-shaped plate'r e plates are preferably made of sheet metal or strips Whose surfaces are smoothly finished, the said plates being cut therefrom to the desired size ,after which their edges are dressed.

The-,parts The pieces forming the end walls are shaped to give to the passage the desired configura tion. They may be so shaped as to form a passage which is expanding or non-expanding, rectangular or square in cross-section, and which is or may be provided with a bowl, as desired. These pieces are constructed of blocks which are preferably substantially oblique prisms, cut fromi a ring of suitable cross-section, a segment thereof, or a straight bar, or they vmay be cast. They may be shaped by hand; but it is preferable to employ a profiling-machine whereby a large number can be finished in one operation. The pieces are made up in two lots, the pieces of one lot being the reverse of the pieces of the other lot, or, in other'words, they are shaped as rights and lefts .These pieces may be so arranged that the expansion of the nozzle may be obtained by suitably shaping one of them, or both pieces may contribute to produce this result. i In assembling the nozzle parts in the nozzle-receiving openings of the-supporting member the pieces are syntopening in the support are preferably in-` clined to correspond to the angle-of discharge of the passa es. The plates thus constitute partitions w 'ch separate the passages and giveto them the proper angle of dischar e, while the symmetrical pieces impart to t e passages their characteristic configuration. The symmetrical pieces and the .walls of the nozzle-receiving openings are provided with interlockin shoulders which retain the pieces in place. urthermore, as the pieces are disposed between rectangular plates the latter function as filling or wedging pieces, whereby the nozzle parts are tightly wedged in the supporting member.

' yWith nozzles built up in the manner described the Huid-discharging Apassages can be constructed according to theoretical requirements with great accuracy and the surfaces or Walls of the passage be highly finished, so that the coefficient of friction between the walls and the working fluid is reduced to a minimum. Again, the amount of machinelOO work is materially reduced, which decreases the cost of manufacture. i

For an understanding of the details of construction reference-is to be had to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the novel features of the invention will be set forth in the claims appended hereto.

ln the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of my invention,n Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a sectionalized nozzle for an elastic-fluid turbine, showing a portion broken away.I Fig. Z is a plan View of a, portion of the nozzle, showing a fragment of' the supportingmember in section. Fig.'3 isa transverse section on line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of one of the discharge-passages, Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are transverse sections taken, respectively, on lines 5 5, 6 6, and 7 7, Fig, 4. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the stock from which the blocks for making the symmetrical pieces are cut, drawn on a reduced scale.

Fig. Q' isa View showing the manner of arranging the blocks for shaping them in the profiling-machine. Fig. l() is a perspective view showing the manner of cutting the blocks for the symmetrical pieces of a nozzle for a turbine of the radial-How type. Fig. 11 illustrates the manner of arranging the block for shaping them in a profiling-machine, and Fig. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of a sectionalized nozzle of the radial-flow type.

referring to the drawings, Figs. 1, 2, and i1. 1 represents a portion of the diaphragm or supl'iorting member that is cast or otherwise provided with a segmental nozzle-receiving opening The walls 3 ol" the inlet portion ol' the opening converge inwardly to the portion containing the nozzle parts and serve as a bowl or distributing-chamber for receiving and delivering the motive fluid to the discharging-passages. The portion of the'opening containing the nozzle parts comprises ",ol'icentric side walls 4 and 5, which correspond to the curvature of the row of buckets on the wheel, and end walls 6, which are inclined to correspond to the angle of discharge ol' the motive fluid. l

The nozzle parts comprise fiat rectangular plates 7 and symmetrical forming-pieces 8 and 9. The plates are arranged in the nozzle-receiving opening at the inclined ends thereof and at intermediate points-and extend parallel to the end walls. Under certain conditions the plates at the ends of the opening may be omitted and the. surfaces of the support finished. The plates thus divide the opening 2 into individual passages and serve to direct or discharge the fluid against the wheel-buckets at the proper an.- gle. The symmetrical piecesfare arranged in the passages, the piece 8 against the concave sid(` wall 4 and the piece 9 against the convex side wall 5 of the opening, and they are both located between adjacent plates. By this arrangement the plates are disposed between the pieces 8 and 9 of adjacent passages and also between the side walls6 and the pieces adjacent thereto. The plates are o'r may be of such size as to make 'a driven 'fit between the pieces, thus wedgin the parts in place, vThe pieces 8 and 9 are urther secured, by means of interlocking'shoulders 10, at their inner ends and adjacent parts of the support 1, Fig. 3; Y

The pieces 8 and 9 may be shaped to/form passages of any desired configuration. As shown in the present instance, the assages formed thereby are of that t pe w ich impart velocity to the motive ffilidby ex'pansion, each passage comprising a bowl or enlargement 11 and an expanding disch-arge portion 12, which both merge into a contracted throat 18 lbetween them, Fig. 4. The area of the discharge-passage atthes'e portions is shown in Figs. 5 to 7.

Considering now the process of constructr the'nozzle parts, the plates 7 are prefera y made from polished strips, c'ut to the required-len th and beveled or dressedat their ends, the nished product being simply a flat rectangular plate. To make the symmetrical .pieces 8 and 9, substantially prismic blocks -are employed. I prefer to make these from two different size rings, one of which having an outer circumference corresponding to the' curvature of the concave wall 4 of theopening 2 and the other having an inner circumference corresponding to the curvature of the convex wall 5, so that the block or pieces will snurrl fit the walls of the opening when assemzb ed. 'One of the rings is shown in Fig. 8 to illustrate the manner of cuttin the blocks therefrom. It is to be noted in t -s connection 'that no attempt has been made to show the ring according to proper scale. The plane of the cuts is radial in one direction and oblique in a direction at right angles thereto,

Fig. 8. This produces a block whose sur- IOC IlO

faces 14 slightly converge in'one direction,

thereby adapting the blocks to fit the converging spaces between the plates -7, as shown in Fi 2. Furthermore, the convex surface 15 of the block snugly ts the concave wall 4 when the blocks are cut from the larger ring and the concave surface 16 fits the convex wall 5 when the blocks are cut from the smallerA ring. The radial dimension of the cross-section of-each ring is sufficient to at least equal the thickest portion of the pieces, and that is represented on line 6 6, Fig. 4. The pieces 8 and 9 are thus made in two lots cut from differentsize rin s. -The next operation consists in forming t ev active or-Working surface 17 of the pieces, Figs. 2

faces may be cut in any preferred manner.-

, In practice I use a profiling-machine and arrange a number of blocks 'of one lot, as shown in Fig. 9, and 'finish them in onevoperation.

Assuming the blocks shown in ifig. il to be those employed for the outer pieces 8, the active surfaces 17 are cut on the concave sides of the blocks, thus leaving the convex surfaces on the opposite side to iit the wall 4 of i o the nozzle-receiving opening 2, Fig. 2; After the pieces S are finished the active surfaces are cut on the blocks of the other lot. These latter-blocks are arranged in the shaping-machine in a position reverse to that shown in I 5 Fig. 9, so that the convex surface may be cut awa and thereby leave the concave surface to t the convex wall 5 of the opening i2. With the pieces 8 and 9 made in this manner the active surfaces are substantially symzo metrical and the other surfaces exactly ccnform to the opening in which they are asseinbled. p l

In a nozzle having a single discharge-passage .the nozzle-receiving openingin the sup-l 2 5 porting member is preferably square or rectangular in cross-section and of plane surfaces, so that the symmetrical pieces can be made from straight stock.

" In constructing nozzles for a turbine of the 3o radial-How type rings'of uniform size may be used for the stock from which to cut the `lblocks for making the symmetrical pieces. As shown in Fig. 1.0, the blocks 18 are cut from the ring by a cliordal and transverse 35 cut as distinguished from a radial and oblique cut, as is employed to cut the block for the symmetrical pieces of the nozzles of the axial-flow type. r`Ihe blocks are made up in two lots as before in order to obtain the sym- 4o metrical working or active' surfaces. 'Hence the'blocks of one lot are arranged in a circular profiling-machinein the manner shown in Fig. 11 andcut down to the desired shape, 'while the blocks of the other lot are arranged reversely to those shown, so that the active surfaces will be symmetrical. To construct the nozzle, the symmetrical pieces 19, Fi 12, y are arranged between fiat rectangular p ates 20 in a manner practicall f similar to that described in connection wit the axial-flow type of nozzle.

' In the low-pressure stages the nozzle may extend entirely around the bucket wheel or wheels, in which case suitable provision must 5 5 be made by the use of ribs or equivalent construction to unite the outer portion of the diaphragm or support with the web or cen.- tral part, as will be readil i understood, These ribs may extend across ghe nozzle with 6o a suitable steam-space between or they may be arranged between nozzles, i

In accordance with the provisions of, the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together 6 5' with the apparatus whichl now consider to the walls there-- represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by equivalent means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A nozzle for elastic-Huid turbines, comprising oppositelydisposed flat members, and opposit'ely-disposed symmetrical meinbers which'forin with the flat members a fluid-discharging passage having an enlarged inlet end.

2. A nozzle for elastic fluid-turbines, coinprising oppositely-disposed flat members, and oppositely-disposed symmetrical meinbers which form with the flat members a fluid-discharging passage having an enlarged inlet, and an expanding discharge portion connected with'the inlet.

. 3. In a nozzle, the combination of a support, parallel pla-tes arranged on the support which form a plurality of closely-associated {luid-discharging passages, and forming-pieces which impart the desired configuration to the passages.

-4. In a nozzle, the combination of a support provided with an opening or slot, plates arranged in the opening which divide the same into passages, and a pair of formingpieces arranged between adjacent plates which impart' to the passages the desired configuration.

5. In a nozzle, the combination of a support provided with an opening, and symmetrically-arranged formingpieces arranged adjacent the opposite'vvalls` of the opening.

6. In a nozzle, the combination of a support having a curved opening, a plurality of forming-pieces which areI symmetrically arranged adjacent the longitudinal walls of the opening, and plates arranged transversely of the opening which divide the. saine into ihdependent {luid-discharging passages.

7. In a nozzle, the combination of a support having a segmental opening, plates therein which divi e the opening into fluiddischai'ging passages and serve as walls ofthe latter, and pieces which form the other walls of the passages and are shaped to impart the desired configuration to the passages.

8. In a nozzle, the combination of a support having a segmental opening whose end walls are inclined and parallel, transverselyarranged plates spaced apart in the opening and disposed parallel to the end walls thereof, and forming-pieces between the plates whose adjacent surfaces are. symmetrical and whose outer surfaces conform to the curvature' of' the walls ofthe openings.

9, In a nozzle, the combination of a sup:

port having a segmental opening whose end walls are inclined and parallel, transverselyarranged-plates in the opening which aredisposed parallel to the end walls, and formingwww. Y

pieces arranged alonO the curved side walls of the opening and between the plate and wedged in position by the latter. l 10. I n a nozzle, the combination of a supporth'aving an elongated o ening whose end Walls are inclined and paralel, transverselyarranged plates spaced apart inthe opening and disposed parallel to the end walls thereof, forming-pieces arran ed along the side walls -of the -opening and etween theplates, and interlocking retaining-shoulders on the support and the said pieces.

11. In a nozzle for turbines7 the combination of-a support having an orifice, detachable members mounted therein which form walls of the fluid-discharging assage and uide and' direct .the passage of) the motive uid, and other detachablexmembers also located in the orificewhich form the other walls of the passage and assist in guiding and di- Y recting the motive fluid.

12. In a nozzle for turbines, the combination of a support having an orifice, a detachable member mounted therein which forms a A side wall of a discharge-passage and uides and directs the assage of motive flui I and another detacha lememberalso mounted in the orifice which forms an end Wall, of the same passage and assists in guiding and directin the motive fluid. .Y

13. n a nozzlefor turbines, the combination of a support having an orifice, a plurality of artitions therein which form the, side wal s of the nozzle-passages, and direct and uide the motive fiuid, and detachable memers which are also located within the yorifice and between the .partitions for. guiding and directing the motive fluid, the said detachable members engaging the partitions.

14. In a nozzle for turbines, the 'combination of a support having a bowl, a passa e of smaller cross-section' than the bowl an receiving fluid therefrom, and' members in the passage which face the Walls thereof and direct a'nd guide the motive fluid.

15. In a nozzle for turbines, the combinaf' tion of a support having an opening or orifice,

one portion of vthe opening forming a con-.

verging bowl or distributing-chamben.the othenportion of the opening having inclined .allel and inclined end walls, and members arran ed in the opening parallel to the end Wal s, some of the members facing said walls and the other or others dividing the opening into se arate fluid-discharging passages. L

17. n a nozzle for turbines, the combination'of a support having a plurality of bowls lor distributing-chambers and openings communicating with the bowls, and plates which face the walls of the' openings and form assages which guide and direct the motive uid.

18. In a nozzle lfor turbines, the combination of a support having a distributing-chamber, a plura ity of passages communicating with the chamber and receivin Huid therefrom, thin sheet-metal plates w ich separate the passages, each passa e comprising a bowl, a throat receiving iuid from the bowl,v v

and -a discharge portion which receives fiuid from the throat' anddirects it against the bucket-wheels.

19. A nozzle for turbines, the combination of a su port provided with an opening, members tiierein each of uniform cross-section which divide the opening into closely-associated fluid-discharging assages, certain of the members serving to fiice the end walls of the opening.

20. In combination, a su porting member cast with a segmental no'zz e-receiving openl ing, one portion of the opening being enlarged to orm a-bowl or chamber for receiving mojzive fiuid and discharging it to the'nozzle-passages, and members inthe other ortion of theo ening which divide it into uid directing an discharging passages.

.In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of A ril, 1905. y

. GUSTA MEYERSBERG.

Witnesses: l

JULiUs RUMLAND, EARL RICKEBEN.-

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