US1070309A

US1070309A - Steam-turbine.

Info

Publication number: US1070309A
Application number: US73656712A
Authority: US
Inventors: Andrew C Vauclain
Original assignee: Southwark Foundry & Machine Co
Current assignee: Southwark Foundry & Machine Co
Priority date: 1912-12-13
Filing date: 1912-12-13
Publication date: 1913-08-12
Anticipated expiration: 1930-08-12

Description

A. G. VAUGLAIN.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLIOATIONIILED DEG-13. 1912.

Patented Aug. 12, "1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A10. VAUGLAIN.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED DEO.13. 1912.

Patented Aug. 12, 1913.

4- SHEETS$HEET 2.

A. U. VAUOLAIN. STEAM TURBINE.

AP' IIIIIIIIIIIIIII 30.13.1912, 1,070,309, Patented Aug. 12, 1913.

4 S EEEEEEEEEEE 3.

A. 0. VAUCLAIN.

v STEAM TURBINE.

APiLIOATION FILED DEO.1 3. 1912. V 7 7 09 Patented Aug.12,1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ANDREW' C. -.VAUCLAI 0F IEHILADELPI-EIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB TO SOUTH- 'WARK ronrmrsr & M,ACH INE 00., or RATION or .rnnnsznvnnra.

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPS- STEM-TURBINE.

Specification of Lettersiatent. jPatented Aug-.12, 1913,

,-4.p 1ieetion filed Recenter 3.3, 912. SeriabNo. $36,567.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ANDREW! C. VAUGLAIN, :1- cit-izen-of-the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

.Cllheobject of my invention is "to improve the construction. of the diaphragnis of steam turbines so asto. dispense with all parts which are liable to become loose and con- I seqnently cause damageto the working elemerits.

'llrly invention further relates to certain details of construction which will be fully described hereinafter, reference .being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1, is a longitudinalsectional View of a steam turbine illustrating my invention; Fig. 2, is an enlarged-face View of one ofthe diaphragms; Fig. 3, is a sectional; view-0n the line aa, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, is a; sectional view on the'line'?)-b,'Fig. 2; .Fig. 5, is I-SiBCtiODZLl view cntheline c--0,'Itig. g Fig. 6, is a sectional View on theiline (.Z-d.', Fig. :2; llig. 7, is a-perspective view of a; diaphragm with 'one of the sections removed; Fig. 8, is a. sectional perspective view on the line 00, Fig. 4; Fig. 9, is alseotional perspective view on the same line? -as Fig.8, showingthe blades after-the casting is made and -befor'e:finishing; Fig. 10,; is a detached perspective View ofoneof thei blades; Fig. '11, 1S a face view-eta dia-} phragm showingthe blades located 'in-t-he diaphragni and not in a segment; 12,; is a section onthe line-ee, *Fig. 11; Fig.5 13, is a sectional viewshowing a blade cast; permanently-indie diaphragm; :Fig. 1 4, is, a perspective view of the blade shown in; Fig. 13; Fig. 15, is a sectional viewillus-z trating a modification; and @Fig. 16, is a view showing a modification of the segment.

Referring to the drawings, '1 is. the-base on which the turbinestmcture is mounted.

2-is the-casing eonta-iningthe steam inlet and-exhaust passagesii andJ i and mounted on this casing are the bearings :for :the turbine shaft 6. lhese bearings .oan'be made -in any manner without departing from the essential features ofmyinvention. The-cylinder l7 of the casing contains the zhr agnis 8 and the rotors-9. "These rotors are secured to the shaft and niay be Inadeinany suitable manner as my inven tion relatesparticularly to the diaphragms whiehform thecompartments in which the rotors travel. These diaphragms have flanges 10 lat-each side, in the present instance, .andonefiange abuts another; thus spacing the several diaphragms a given distance apart. The flanges of the diaphragms maybe on one side only, if found desirable.

The cylinder is preferably bored in steps, as showniniFig. 1, and-the diaphragms are placed in the cylinder and are secured therein in any suitable manner. The cylinder, iii-seine: types ofturbines, may be of an even diameter throughout. .Eaeh diaphragm has passages. therein for the steam and the rotors have blades against which the, steam impinges-asit-escapes through the passages; causing the-rotors and-the shaft to revolve. The passages inithe diaphragms are of less area at the inlet end-than at-the exhaust end of the turbine. This-is common in turbines wvhere a series of rotors are used.

fReferring particularly to Figs. 2-to 10 inelusive/the diaphragm 8 ismade'in two parts 11 and 12. Themeetingedge-of each of thesexparts isgrooved toreceive arib on a connecting strip 218, Fig. 6, which maybe attached to one of said parts. The diaphragm is turned complete while in one piece and is then cut in half, as-indicated in Fig. 2. The cutting tool displaces a-given amount of metalwhiehlis equal to the thickness ofthe strip 13 so that when the strip is in'position the diaphragm is of the same sizeithat it was before-the cutting. Each diaphragm is notched at the periphery as indicated at.14,Fig. 7, and a segment 15 is inserted init-he notch. The tongue 17-011 the segment fits a groove-.17 in the'reccssed por tion. ofthe diaphragm 8 andisheld I therein bythe cylinder 7, when t-hediaphragm is in place therein. Ineach segment is a steam passage 16;-and While Iihave indicated in FigsQ, and 7 a diaphragmihaving'four segmental sections, :the :first .diapln'agm will have a single section ofylimited area. The last diaphragm at'the exhaust end will have the four segments .fiIldlthG. openings in these foursegments Will-:be substantially the full length of the segments as well-asthe full Width 1 there fin the segment 15 arepartitions 18 which extend across the passage 16 and form nozzles. These partitions are made, in the present instance, as illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, and .0, and have a curved. and a straight portion which form the nozzles for the passage of the steam through the diaphragm when they are all assembled, as shown in the drawings. The partitions 18 are made of sheet metal, in' the present instance, bent into shape and east in the segments 15, Fig. 9. The ends of these partitions, which extend into the castings; are preferably coated with black lead, or other suitable material, so thatthe castin s will not adhere to the metal of,

the partitions. Thus, while the partitions are rigidly held in position as regards lateral movement, they can expand and contract longitudinally in the casting. I preferably make these partitions 18 removable and shape them as illustrated in Fig. 10. One end of each partition is reduced to form a tongue '19 and the other end is perforated at 20, by reducing the inner ends of the partitions. I connect the metal. of the casting between each partition at the edges of the blades, thus strengthening the casting. After the casting is made, the partitions are withdrawn by inserting ,a' tool in the opening 20 of each partition, after which the side walls of a passage 16 are machined smooth. The ends of the tongues are cut oil to an amount equal to the metal. removcdfrom one side or" the passage 16, after which the partitions are again inserted in the segment. When the partitions have been fitted in place, the projecting end is removed, as in Fig. 8. These partitions are held in position in the segments by the cylinder or casing when the diaphragins are placed in position.

While I prefer to make the partitions of such a length that they extend through the outer wall of the segments, in some instances, they may extend only a short distance into each wall, as in Fig. 13, which makes them permanentwith the casting and not removable.

Where the blades are permanently seated in the castings, both ends may be reduced, but where the partition extends through the wall. as in Fig. 5, then the width at this wall cannot be reduced.

"v'hile l have shown the steam passages in the segments which are mounted in the diaphragm, in some instances the diaphragm. may be at with the stca m passages therein, as in Fi 11 and 12. in this case the blades are inserted in the mold for the diaphragm they would be in erted in the mold for the segments. l may also make the segment 8, which is usually bolted onto the casing and has the first steam 'iassage therein, Fig- 1, in the same manner as the segments which are inserted in the diaphragm. I may also mil -mothe partitions 18 formed of the bent morocco plates of less width than the diaphragm. or segment, as in Fig. 15, to reinforce that portion of the metal of the diaphragm or segment located between the partitions and the flange may be on one side only, as shown.

While I have shown a rib on the segment adapted to a groove in the diaphragm, a rib may ,be formed on the diaphragm adapted to a groove in the segment, and, in some instances, the joint between the segment and the diaphragm may be made plain, if found desirable.

While I prefer to make the diaphragm in a. singlecasting and to cut it in half, machining the abutting edges fin some instances, the, segments may be cast in twoequal parts and the abutting edges finished; the sections being secured together by bolts or other fastenings or held in place by the casing.

In Fig. 16, I have shown a modification of the segments in which the partitions extend through the inner wall and only extend into the outer wall for a short distance; the par titions being held in place by the diaphragm in this instance.

It will be seen from the above construction that a very substantial diaphragm for steam turbines is made. Also that there are no loose arts which are liable to become detached w ile the turbine is in motion. The diaphragm can be substantially made and, as the partitions are cast into the diaphragm or a segment during the process of manufacture (being properly spaced prior to casting) their location is assured so that they cannot be displaced after once in position.

In the construction illustrated in. the drawings it, for any reason, one of the partitions should be injured; that partition can be quickly removed and another inserted; making it possible to keep in stock partitions of the proper length and shape to fit the several diaphragms.

By making the diaphragm with recesses and providing segmental sectionsadapted to the recesses, the sections can be readily handled during the process of manufacture and when it is necessary to assemble the parts in the cylinder, this can be quickly accomplished.

I claim:

1. The combination in a steam turbine, of a casing; a diaphragm therein having a steam passage; with partitions extending across the said passage andremovable longitudinally from the diaphragm.

2. The combination in a steam turbine, ot a casing; a diaphragm therein having a steam passage, with partitions of greater length than the width of the passage; and having their ends located in the diaphragm but not attached thereto.

3. The combination of a diaphragm for steam turbines, recessed at the periphery; a segment mounted in the recess and having a portions of the partitions extending into the casting being held firmly therein a ainst lateral movement, but free to move ongitudinally to a limited extent. 7 '5. The combination in a turbine engine, of a diaphra'gm having a steam passage therein; partitions extending across the pas sage; said partitions beingm'ade of sheet metal and extending through the outer wall and removable from the diaphragm.

6. The combination in a turbine engine, of a diaphragm; a segment mounted in-the diaphragm and having a steam assage therein; partitions extending across t e,pas-' sage and through one wall thereof and re- 1 movable therefrom.

7 The combination in a steam'tu'rbine, of

a diaphragm having steam passages'therein; partitions separating the steam passages; said partitions radiating from a common center and extending into the walls of the recess forming the steam passages and extending through the outer wall and removable from the casting so that, after the'casting is made with the partitions in place, the partitions can be removed and the walls of the steam passages machined and the partitions reinserted.

8. The combination in a steam turbine, ot a diaphragm having a steam passage therein; a series of partitions extendingacross the steam passage and embedded in the diaphragm; one end of the partitions extending through the Wall of the diaphragm, the other end being reduced in Width so as to form a tongue.

9. A partition for the diaphragm of a turbine engine, consisting of a sheet metal plate bent transversely and having a tongue atdone'end and. perforated at the opposite en 10. The combinationiin -a steam turbine, of p a two-part diaphragm, each part having a .groove at the meeting face; with a filling stri mounted between the'two parts and vhaving tongues adapted to'the grooves.

11. The combination in a steam turbine, of a cylinder; a series of dia hragms, having lateral flanges at the perip ery, located in the cylinder so that one-flange abuts an other; a shaft, with rotors mounted thereon, between the diaphragms; blades on the rotors; steam pamages in the dia hr'agms; and partitions therein dividing t e steam passages and held in place by the cylinder.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name tothis specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses,

ANDREW c. vAucLAin' Witnesses Y WM. E. HUPE, WM. A, BARR.

Copie: or this patent may be obtained for jive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

. i Washington, I). G. v