US806720A

US806720A - Variable-speed multiple-stage turbine.

Info

Publication number: US806720A
Application number: US24594905A
Authority: US
Inventors: Franz Windhausen
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1905-02-16
Filing date: 1905-02-16
Publication date: 1905-12-05
Anticipated expiration: 1922-12-05

Description

No. 806,720.` Y PATENTED DEC. 5, 1905.

' F. WINDHAUSEN.

VARIABLE SPEED MULTIPLE STAGE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Fly. 2,

Illa/f No. 000,720. PATENTED DB0. 5,1905. F. WINDHAUSEN. VARIABLE'SPEBD MULTIPLE STAGE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 5, 1905.

Application filed February 16, 190.5.- Serial No. 245,949.

' angle of discharge for the steam are constant give good results as far as the consumption of steam is concerned only when the machine .runs at a denite speed. The following proposals have been made in order to obtain economy in steam consumption in the case of a steam-turbine running at various speeds: First, in the case of multiple-stage steam-turbines to vary the number of the stages by removing the guiding devices of one or more stages from the course of the steam by means of special devices; second, in the case of single-stage steam-turbines (in the case of which the number of stages is invariable) to provide two or more groups of nozzles having separate means for the admission of steam, the angles of discharge of which groups of nozzles are of different magnitudes and to supply steam to the one or to the other group of nozzles according to the speed desired;

. third, in the vcase of multiple-stage steam-turbines to vary the angle of discharge of the steam in the irst stage and simultaneously to also alter the number of stages of the turbine. In the case of these turbines two or more groups of nozzles provided with separate means for steam admission are employed in the first stage, the angles of discharge of said groups of nozzles being different, Whereas in the following stages the angles of discharge of the guiding devices are constant, while the number of stages can be altered by switching Aout one or more stages.

The present invention relates to a multiplestage steam or. gas turbine the speed of which can be altered.

One feature of a turbine constructed according to the present invention is that in its individual stages two or more cooperating groups of guiding devices are arranged which may have separate steam admission and in which the admission-angle or the dischargeangle ory both angles of the first stage and also of the following stages of the one group are different from the corresponding angles of the guiding devices of the other group or groups. For each velocity desired it is advantageous to have a groupof guiding devices, the angle of admission and the angle of dischargevofwhich are adapted to the desired velocity. Each separate group of guidingdevices may have separate means for the admission of live steam. If, for example, a multiple-stage turbine is to be adapted to run at two different speeds, in each stage of the turbine two guiding devices may be arranged, which form in the turbine two cooperating groups. The admission angle or the discharge-angle or both angles of the guiding devices of the one group for the one velocity are different from the corresponding angles of the guiding devices of the other group for the other velocity.

Two embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings` in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section of a multiple-stage actual steam-turbine, the turbine being adapted to run at two different speeds. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic transverse section on the line A B of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic development of a part of the vane-wheels and guiding devices. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic transverse section, and Fig. 5 a diagrammatic .longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, it will be seen that the turbine has only one chamber. Two groups of guiding devices ZJ to 55 and c' to 05, respectively,

corresponding to the two different speeds required, are provided in the turbine. In each stage one guiding device of each group Z2 b2 b3 and c c2 c3 c4 is arranged. Steam is admitted to the group to b5, as indicated by the arrow l, and to the group o to c5, as indicated by the arrow 2. The admission-angle and discharge-angle of the guidingdevices to b5 of the one group (in the present case each about twenty -three degrees) are different from the corresponding angles of the guiding devices c' to o5 of the other group (in the present case each about thirty degrees.) If now the turbine is to run, for example, at lthe lower speed, steam is admitted, as indicated by the arrow l, only to the group c to c5, which possesses the greater admission and discharge IOO IIO

angles, whereas for the higher speed steam is admitted, as indicated by the arrow 2, solely to the group ZJ to b5, which has smaller angles.

The above-described turbine contains only a single chamber or cell, and the steam-pressure within the chamber may be nearly uniform. Consequently the steam, which, for example, flows through the guiding devices of the group b to b5, has no or only a slight tendency to escape through the gaps between the guiding devices and the vane-wheels and so to pass away through the guiding devices c to o5 or to iiow away in the direction of the arrows 3 and 4. In the case of turbines which consist of several chambers or cells the steam flowing away from the particular group of the rst chamber in use at the time can iiow not only into the corresponding group of guiding devices in the next chamber, but also into the other groups of guiding devices not belonging to this group, which are not suited to the speed required. This disadvantage can, in the case of multiple-stage turbines for various speeds, be removed as much as possible by providing closing devices between the guiding devices of one chamber and those of the next chamber, `of which closing devices only those are at the same time opened which belong to one and the same group of guiding devices, whereas the closing devices for the remaining groups of guiding devices are closed. In Figs. 4 and 5 an example of such a turbine with two chambers g h is diagrammatically represented. This turbine with partial radial flow is designed for two dierent speeds and accordingly possesses two groups of guiding devices b to b and o' to c6, respectively. The guiding devices b to b have steam admission or discharge angles which are different from the corresponding angles of the guiding devices c to c, The group c' to o6 serves, on account of its greater discharge-angle, for the slow speed,while the group b to In, with its smaller discharge-angles, is for the higher speed. Closing devices c' and m, respectively, are inserted between the guiding devices b to b3 and c' to o3, respectively, of the one chamber and the guiding devices b4 to Z2 and 04 to c6 of the next chamber. Only those closing devices belonging to one group of guiding devices are entirely or partially opened at the same time, the other closing devices which belong to the other group being closed while the former are opened. If, for example, the turbine is to run at the low speed, the live-steam valves f, as well as the closing devices c' between the two chambers, are entirely or partially opened, and the steam can iiow only through the group of guiding devices c to c6, while the live-steam valves l and the closing devices m for the group b to b are closed. By arranging closing devices between the guiding devices of o 'ne chamber and those of the next chamber it is rendered possible for the steam fiowing out of the last row of blades a3 to be able to flow farther only through the opened closing devices z' and the guiding devices c4 to c6 belonging thereto, because the closing devices m for the other group of guiding devices b* to b are closed. If these closing devices z' and m, respectively, were not provided, the steam passing away from the last row of blades c3 would be able to flow both through the guiding devices c4 c5 c and also through guiding devices Zi* b5 b.

In the turbine represented in Figs. 4 and 5 each separate nozzle is providedwith a separate closing device, (valve, cock, slide, or the like,) in order that'the quantity of steam flowing therethrough may be regulated in a wellknown manner according to the power required. In many cases it is sufficient to arrange only a single closing device between the guiding devices of the one chamber and the corresponding guiding devices of the next chamber.

In the case of turbines having very many pressure-stages it is not always necessary for the guiding devices of each pressure stage or chamber to be provided with closing devices. In many cases it is sufiicient for only some of the chambers to be provided with closing devices.

In the case of turbines according to the present invention, the features of which have been described above, it is indeed advantageous, but not always necessary, for a guiding device to be provided in each stage for each of the various desired speeds. In many cases it is sufficient for two or more groups of guiding devices to be arranged only in some, but not in all of the stages of the turbine.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprising two or more groups of guiding devices for each stage and to each set of which groups steam can be separately admitted, the discharge-angle of the guiding devices of the first set being different from the corresponding angle of the guiding devices for the other set or sets.

2. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprising two or more groups of guiding devices for each stage and to each set of which groups steam can be separately admitted, the discharge-angle of the guiding devices of the rst set being different from the corresponding angle of the guiding devices ICO IIS

for the other set or sets, and the admissiondiate guiding devices oi one set being different from the corresponding angles of the guiding devices of the other set or sets.Y

4. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprisinga plurality of chambers, two or more groups of guiding devices arranged in each of said chambers and to each set of which group steam can be separately admitted, the discharge-angle' of the guiding devices of one set being different from the corresponding anglesof the guiding devices of the other set or sets, and closing devices interposed between the guiding devices of one chamber and those of the next chamber, the closing devices of one set of guiding devices alternately operating with respect to the closing devices for the other set or sets of guiding devices.

5. A multiple-stage steam-turbine for various speeds comprising a plurality of chambers,

two or more groups of guiding devices arranged in each of said chambers and to each set of which groups steam can be separately admitted, the admission-angle and the dischargeangle of the guiding devices of one of the sets being dilerent from the corresponding angles of the other set or sets, and closing devices interposed between the guiding devices of one chamber and those of the adjacent chamber, the closing devices for the guiding devices of one of the sets alternately operating with respect to the closing devices of the other set or sets.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

FRANZ WINDHAUSEN. Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.