US1158498A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

F. HODGKINSON.

TURB'NE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-7 1912., RENEWED APR. 23, 1914.

Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

2 SHEETS SHEET I IN VENTOR.

IS ATTORNEY IN FACT.

v F. HODGKINSON.

TURBINE. I APPLICATION FILED AUGJ. 19x2. RENEWED APR. 23, I914.

Paten Nov. 2, 1915.

2 SHEETVSSHE E'T 2.

IN VE N TOR.

HIISETTORNEV IN Mm,

action. or Parsons type.

PitTEh FRANCIS HODGKINSON, 0F EDGEWOOD PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTINGHOUSE MACHINE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

Trimaran.

masses.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2, il'Hlll5.

Application filed August 7, 1912, Serial No. 713,792. Renewed April 23, 1914. Serial No. 833,980.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FRANois HODGKINSON, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Edgewoool Park, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Invention in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines and one of the objects is to provide means for efliciently carrying loads under abnormal conditions as well as under normal conditions.

In practice it is desirable that turbines have overload capacity and, furthermore, in turbines designed to be run condensing it is desirable to have them arranged so that they may carry their normal load running non-- condensing. This necessitates passing considerably more steamthan would be required for normal load condensing. This has here-- tofore been accomplished by various means, one of which is to have a valve permitting steam to by-pass entirely around thefirst stage or in some cases, the impulse wheel. Another method is to have additional or abnormal load nozzles discharging on the same impulse wheel as the normal load nozzles. The first oi these is objectionable where the impulse wheel has a large pressure drop be cause a greater portion. of the turbine would sometimes be lay-passed than is necessary and the steam would act on fewer turbine elements than would be desirable for the best economy. The latter schen'ie is sometimes unsatisfactory where the pressure drop small because then the hlale velocity would be too great to eli'ectually utilize the, velocity due to expansion in the abnormal load nozzlos.

l have provided a device which is here illustrated as comprising a high pressure impulse wheel in which the first expansion of the steam is carried out, the wheel being followed by other turbine elements which be of any desired construction, but

which are here shown as cornprising the rel't is to be understood that a turbine comprising a high pressure element with two velocity rows and a selected.

stationary row between them and Where two or more turbine elements follow, the pressure at the outlet of the first impulse element will varyivith the amount of steam passing, so that for normal full load the speed of the buckets on the impulse wheel would be appropriate for the pressure drop If, however, more nozzles are opened and more steam passes into the turbine, the pressure at the outlet of the impulse wheel will rise, resulting in a diminution of velocity through the nozzles so that when the velocity of the impulse blades becomes too great for the efficient utilization of the diminished velocity of steam, the impulse wheel in part becomes a brake. This ve locity may drop sufficiently low so that a single row of moving impulse blades would be more eflicient than two. With the device herein shown, however, means is provided so that when the velocity has become reduced by passing more steam through the turbine and thus raising the exhaust pressure of the turbine element, the two velocity drops of the impulse wheel are converted into a sin gle drop. The nozzles which furnish steam for the normal loads are arranged to work in themanner just described; that is, passing through. the first row, then a segment of stationary blades which ill. redirect the steam on to the last-impulse row. At some suitable point on the turbine, preferably diametrically opposite the normal load nozzles, I may arrange the overload nozzles that is, nozzles for providing additional steam, and adiacent to the overload nozzles I may provide a sooment of a ring which occupies the same relative position as the stationary blades for the normal load nozzles, and this segment serves as a deflector or by-p'assing olomentto prevent the steam from impinging: upon the second row of blades on the wheel and causing hydraulic friction so that tho retardation of the wheel from the different terminal pressures will be lessened if not wholly avoided.

It desired 1 may employ two groups of nozzles not operated at the same time, using one group for light load when the steam op open to the other group in whichthe steam 'erates on all the blade elements,or by suitable means shut off steam for this and will only act on a lesser number of blade elements. 7

In the drawings: Figure 1 designates a vertical longitudinal sectional view through a turbine constructed in accordance with my invention; and, Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view through that portion of the turbine to which the overload nozzles and baffle ring are attached.

Referring now to the drawings by numerals of reference: 5 designates a turbine casing of the a spindle 6. The spindle carries an impulse wheel 7 provided with two rows ofblades designated by the numerals 8 and 9 respectively. Opposite the normal inlet nozzles 10 is a stationary row of blades 11 interposed between the blades 8 and 9 so that the steam at this point has two velocity drops as is common in devices of this character. The steam which may leave the blades 9 may pass from the chamber 12 through the passage 13 and through a second stage is of any suitable type, herein shown, however, as the reaction or Parsons and as desired, a be provided. Part of the steam may pass through the stages 14: and 15 and in this manner the spindle 6 will be practically balanced. Atsome suitable point on the turbine Iprovide an overload nozzle here "designated by the numeral 16 and adapted to admit steam to the first row of blades 8.

, Instead of the stationary row of blades 11,

' blades, means however, I provide a bafile or segment of a be secured to the casing device 18. Thisring 1'? steam from the blades 8 around the blades 9 so that for overload purposes there is a single velocity drop passing the steam from the blades 8 into the chamber 12 and exhausting through the stages 14: and 15, and thence through the exhaust in the usual way.

In the foregoing it will be apparent that the difficulties above enumerated will be effectually reduced if not wholly eliminated and that a more efiicient turbine will be proring 17 which may 5 by the fastening vided than by employing the usual methods heretofore used.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A turbine comprising an impulse wheel having a plurality of row:: of velocity blades, a nozzle for admitting steam to the first row to be subsequently directed to at least a second row of blades, a nozzle to admit additional steam to the first row of for directing the steam from of blades an exhaust the second nozzle and first row around the second row of blades,

combination type in which is third stage 15 may.

port, and an ei'lective row. of blades between the velocity blades and the exhaust port.

2. A turbine comprising an impulse wheel having a plurality of rows eii velocity blades, a nozzle for admitting steam to the first row to be subsequently directed to at least a second row of blades, a nozzle to admit additional steam to the first row of: blades, a bafile for directing the steam from the second nozzle and first row of blades around the second row of blades, an exhaust port, and an effective row of blades between the velocity blades and the exhaust port.

3. A turbine comprising an impulse wheel having a plurality of rows of velocity blades, a nozzle for admitting steam to the first row to be subsequently directed to at least a second row of blades, a nozzle to ad mit additional steam to the first row of blades, a segmental bailie for directing the steam from the second mentioned nozzle and. first row of blades around the second row of blades, an exhaust port, and an efi'ective row of blades between the velocity blades and the exhaust port.

a. A turbine comprising an impulse wheel blades, a nozzle for admitting steam to the first row to be subsequently directed to at least a second row of blades, a nozzle to admit additional steam to the first row of blades, 9. segmental b'aiile plate direct-- ing the steam from the second nozzle and first row of blades around the second row of blades, an exhaust port, and an effective row of blades between the velocity blades and the exhaust port.

5. Aturbine comprising an impulse wheel having a plurality of rows of velocity blades, a nozzle for admitting steam to the first row to be subsequently directed to at least a second row of blades, a nozzle to ad'- mit additionalsteam to the first row of blades, means for directing the steam from the nozzle and first row of blades around the second row of blades, and a reaction stage coiiperating with the impulse wheel.

6. A turbine comprising an impulse wheel having a plurality of rows of velocity blades, a nozzle for admitting steam to the first row to be subsequently directed to at least a second row of blades, an overload nozzle to admit additional steam to the first row of blades, means for directing the steam from the overload nozzle and first row of blades around the second row of blades, and reaction stages on opposite sides oi the impulse wheel.

7. A turbine comprising an impulse wheel having a plurality of rows of velocity blades, a nozzle for admitting steam to the first row to be subsequently directed to at least a second row of blades, a nozzle approximately diametrically opposite the first 1,15e,aee

mentioned nozzle to admit additional steam to the first row of blades, means for directing the steam from the second nozzle and first row of blades around the second row of blades, and reaction stages on opposite sides of the impulse wheel.

8. In combination in a turbine, a plurality of rows of impulse blades, a nozzle for delivering motive fluid to the first row of blades, additional blades for receiving motive fluid delivered from said impulse blades, and means for directing motive fluid issuing from one row of impulse blades around the next adjacent row, and tothe additional rows of blades.

9. In combination in a turbine, a plurality of rows of impulse blades, a. nozzle for delivering motive fluid to the first row of blades, additional blades for receiving motive fluid after it has traversed at least one row of impulse blades and a deflector for directing motive fluid delivered from one row of impulse blades around the next a.d-' jacent row and to said additional blades.

10. A turbine comprising a series of rows of blades, a fluid inlet for delivering motive fluid to the first row of blades of the series, a second series of rows of blades for receiving motive fluid'which has traversed at least one row of blades of said first series, and a deflector located within the turbine casing and between adjacent rows of blades of the first series for deflecting motive fluid issuing from one row around the adjacent row of the blades of the first series and to the blades of the second series.

11. In combination in a. turbine, a series of rows of impulse blades, a nozzle for delivering motive fluid to the first row of blades of the series, an additional series of rows of blades located between said first mentioned series and the exhaust of the turbine for receiving motive fluid from the first mentioned series, a deflector mounted on the turbine casingand located between adjacent rows of blades'of the first series, and having apassage formed therebetween and the casing for delivering motive fluid deflected thereby to the additional series of blades.

12. In combination in a turbine, a plurality of rows of impulse blades, a nozzle for delivering motive fluid to the first row of blades of the series, an additional row of blades between the impulse blades and the turbine exhaust for receiving motive fluid delivered from the impulse blades, a deflector located between the adjacent rows of impulse blades and having a passage formed therebetween and the turbine casing.

13. In combination in a turbine, a row of blades, a nozzle for delivering motive fluid to the blades, a delivery passage extending into the turbine casing and communicating with the nozzle and having a fluid delivery opening formed therebetween and the turbine casing.

14-. In combination in a turbine, a plu-, rality, of rows of impulse blades, a nozzle and the turbine exhaust, a deflector located between adjacent rows of impulse blades for directing the fluid issuing from one row of blades around the next adjacent row of blades, and a fluid delivery passage extending into the casing and communicating with the nozzle and having a fluid delivery space formed between it and the turbine casing.

15. In combination in a turbine, a plurality of rows of impulse blades, additional blades for receiving fluid from said impulse blades, a fluid delivery nozzle for delivering motive fluid to the impulse blades, a second nozzle for delivering fluid to the first row of impulse blades, and a. deflector mounted on the turbine and extending between two adjacent rows of the impulse blades for 'de fleeting fluid discharge from the second nozzle around at least one row of the impulse blades to the additional blades after it has traversed at least one row of the impulse blades.

16. In combination in a turbine, a fluid delivery nozzle, a. plurality of rows of impulse blades receiving fluid from said nozzle, a divided flow stage for receiving motive fluid. from the impulse blades, a second nozzle for delivering fluid to the impulse blades, and a deflector mounted on the turbine casing and extending between adjacent rows of the impulse blades and having a fluid delivery passage formed between it and the turbine casing, said deflector deflecting fluid delivered from the second nozzle around at least one row of impulse blades to the divided flow stage after the fluid has traversed at least one row of the impulse blades.

17. A turbine comprising a casing, a rotor within the casing, two series of blades mounted on the rotor, the second series of which is divided into two sets located on opposite sides of the first series and both adapted to receive motive fluid therefrom, a fluid delivery nozzle for delivering motive fluid to the first series oi. blades and a fluid delivery passage extending into the turbine stator, and communicating with the nozzle and having a fluid passage formed between it and the casing.

'18. A turbine comprising, a casing, a rotor within the casing, two series of blades mounted on the rotor, the second series of which is divided into two sets located on opposite sides of the first series and both adapted to receive motive fluid therefrom, a

- 1,1es,eee

fluid delivery nozzle for delivering motive In testimony whereof, I have hereunto 10 fluid to the first series of blades, 21 fluid (lesubscribed my name this first day of August, livery passage exencling into the turbine 1912; Staten, and communicating with the nozzle FRANCIS HODGKINSON. 5 and having a fluid passage formal between it and the casing, ancl a deflector located be- Witnesses: tween adJacent rows of the first serles of B. F. FUNK, blades and hevmg a finld. delivery passage ADA ROMIG'.

formed therebetween and. she turbme casmg.

Gogies of this patent may be obtained. for five cents each, by addressing the Commiesioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. C.

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