US1415571A - Elastic-fluid turbine - Google Patents

Description

0. JUNGGHEN.

Patented May 9, 1922.

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COMPANY, A CORIORATION LOF 'NEW vYORK..

v ,-ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.'

Toy all whom t may Concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR JUNGGREN, a

citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Schenectady,"in the Vcounty of Schenectady, State ofjNew York, have invented certain new: and'useful Improvements in Elastic-y F luid Turbines, of whichthe followingI is a specification. y y The present invention relates `toV elastic Huid turbines and has for its objectto .provide an improved structure and. arrangement for supplying elastic iiuid to the admission end or first stage of such .a machine.v In connection with the operation of elastic fluid turbines it-is important and desirable that the turbine shell be always uniformly heated so as to do away with stressesvand distortions due to unequalheating thereby keeping the machine strictly -in alignment under all conditions of operation and more particularly, an object of my invention is to provide l an improved structure which among other things will accomplish this result. l

F or a consideration ofwhat I believe to be novel and myinvention, attention vis directed to the accompanyingdescription*andk the claims appended thereto.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view taken on 1-.*1 Fig.' 2. otv a turbine structure embodying my invention; y

and Fig. 2is an axial sectional view of the high pressure or admission vendv of lsuch astructure the section being taken on line 2-2, F ig. 1. I y V Referring to the drawing, 5 indicatesthe surrounding casing or'wall of a turbine, theportion shown being the high pressure korV admission end. This end of casinguv is clos'edsby a head comprising, an inwardly dished end wall 6 'provided at its periphery. with an axially extending wall 7 havinga;

ilange 8. at'its edge which is bolted toia flange 9"on casing 5.' The end'headmay be.

cast orY otherwiseforinedas a unitaryV structure, and at its 'centra-l. portion is provided withanopening through whichshaftlO eX- f tendsya suitable packing 102l being provided between the shaft and the wall of the opening.n Fastened onshaft 10 are the bucket carrying element orelements. In the'pres'ent instance I have illustrated a turbine of the impulse type wherein the casing is divided Specification of Letters Patent.

into'a number of stages byfnozizle containing diaphragms, there being one yor 4niore bucket wheels each stageas vthis isa type 'of turbine .tofwhich' my invention. is well adapted. Itwill be understood,'however,'

to thistspecic type of machine but may be embodied in any typeof machine. to which Patented v May 9,1922. Appiicamaied annees, 1920. serial No. 392,776. y

it may be found applicable. The viirst stagel wheel is shown at--ll and it .is illustrated as carrying two rings of buckets l2 andflB.

For supplying elastic fluid` to therbucketsl of theirst stage wheel,l I provide.- an 'annular chestlt whichis locatedwithin .the confines of'walls 6 and 7 of vthe turbine head.

Chest 14 is .of lessdiameterthan wall 7,` I

and'itI is mounted in spaced relation to wall 7 and also wall 6, in such anianner that it may .expand and vcontract .independently of such walls. vTo this end Iprovide wall 7. i

.witha number of circumferentially spaced openings 16 which .may be surrounded b i annular' flanges 16?, and in such openings I rigidly mount tubes 17, the inner ends of whichlventer openings 18 in the'peripheral wall of. chest 14.'l Tubes 17k fit openingslS with asliding lit/and serve .to support the chest in spacedrelationto walls 6jand'7 and hold it centered.y `At thesame time, however,

for admitting elastic iiuid to chest.14.`In

the chestfisfree toV expand-and.v contract, the chest `sliding on' the .endso't `tubes 17 during radial vexpansion andconthe present instance, four tubes areshown and each is connected by` a conduit-19toaY .valve chest 2O ein which l are 'arranged `our--v valves 21, 22, v23 and 24, one for each conduitl 219. Elastic fluidvis admitted to valve chest 20 through -a conduit25, andv the arrange, ment'is such -that valves21, 22, 23 and2t,v

control the iow of elastic iuid from the valve chest to conduits 19. The-stemsof *the* valves are indicated at 26 and theypmayihave. Y suitable manualv operatingV means connectedpto them or they may `be arranged to. be

opened automaticallyas'isfvvell understood." In any event, the arrangement wi-'ll be suchf.,

v that the.` valves are or l' may be opened y suc.-

cessively. Valve chest 120 is 3 supportedJ in.

spaced relation to the turbine casing bythe conduitsv19 and' it is thus free to expandA and contract independently of the turbine casing; and by having it thus supported such expansion and contraction does not affeet the tightness of the pipe joints between the valve chest and the turbine.

Elastic fluid chest 'la has an annular opening 27 on its side adjacent the rings of buckets and fastened over such opening is a nozzle ring 28 for directing the elastic fluid to the first ring of buckets 12. Chest 14 is strengthened at opening 2T by means of ribs 29.

When operating at light loads, the best efficiency is obtained by admitting elastic fluid to the buckets over only a part of the periphery of the Wheel, While when operating at heavy loads complete peripheral admission is desirable. To accomplish this result I dividechest 14 by partitions 30 into a plurality of chambers, and in the present instance four chambers 31, 32, 33 and 34 one for each conduit 19 are shown. Each chamber supplies elastic fluid to a definite are of nozzles, and valves 21, 22, 23 and 2a con trol the flow of elastic fluid to cnambers 31, 32 33 and 311, respectively. In operation, valve 21 is first opened admitting elastic fluid to chamber 31, thereby supplying elastic fluid to the turbine Wheel over the are spanned by chamber 31. This operates the -turbine at light load. As the load becomes greater, valve 22 is then opened, thereby admitting elastic fluid over the arc spanned by both chambers 31 and 32. Following this, valves 23 and 24: are successively opened, complete peripheral admission occurring when all four valves are open, the opening` of valves 21, 22 and 23 may represent full load, and the opening of valve 2li overload.

In the operation of a multistage impulse turbine the pressure in the first stage rises as the load comes on and this means that the velocity of the elastic fluid issuing from the first stage nozzles decreases. New with a first stage Wheel having two rows of buckets, it is customary to provide between the rows a ring of stationary intermediate buckets, usually termed intermediates, which are carried by the casing and direct the elastic fluid from the first row of buckets to the second row. As is Well understood, a part of the velocity of the elastic fluid is extracted by each row of buckets. IWith a given bucket speed, a certain elastic fluid velocity is required for the most efficient extraction of the energy by the two rows of buckets and if the machine is designed so that at normal load the elastic fluid velocity is such as to give the best efiiciency for the given bucket speed, then at a load greater than normal, or overload, the elastic liuid velocity in the first stage Will be too low, and as a result the efficiency will vbe impaired. In fact at overloads, the elastic fluid velocity may be such that its energy can be better'cxtracted by a single roiv of buckets than by two rovvs. W ith an arrangement as above described therefor I preferably provide intermediates only in front of those portions of the nozzle which are used in operating the turbine up to a certain load, for example, normal load, While for the remainder of the periphery I omit the intermediates altogether. This means in substance that the second rovv of buckets 13 performs noivork at the part oi the periphery Where the intermediates are omitted, all the energy being extracted by the irst row of buckets 12. In the drawing, Fig. 2, I have indicated intermediates at 35, and such intermediates may be located in front of elastic fluid chambers 31, 32 and 33, for example, and omitted before chamberl 34;; or the intermediates may be omitted before both chambers 33 and 34,. the arrangement in any particular instance depending on the design of the machine. By this means I am enabled to increase the euriciency of the machine when operating at certain loads Without additional cost or parts, and in fact, at an actual saving for partsyare omitted which heretofore have been used.

it will be noted that the elastic fluid chest is supported entirely by the turbine head and it ma 7 be assembled therein bT ilacino` it Within the head and then inserting tubesv 17. This makes a simple, easy assembly, and also makes it possible to cast the chest entirely in one piece if found desirable. Likewise the head may be cast as one piece.

With the foregoing arrangement it will be seen that since the elastic fluid is admitted to the inner elastic duid chest it does not come into direct contact With the turbine casing to heat it non-uniformly and this is true Whether elastic fluid is being admitted through one, tivo, three or all of tubes 17'. Qn the other hand, non-uniform heating of fluid chest 1d does not affect the turbine cas ing, since it is free to expand and contract independently ol" the turbine casing. In this connection it will be noted that when expanding and contracting, chest la slides on the ends of tubes 17 and that the tightness of the joint is not affected.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together. With the apparatus which I novv consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus is only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

lWhat I claim as new and. desire to secure by Letters -Patent of the United States, is

l. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combinaf tion of a casing, an annular elastic fluid chest located therein in spaced relation to the Walls thereof, and radially-projecting.,

circumferentially-spaced, telescoping mem bers carried by the casing and chest Which have sliding engagement with each other and form a support for said chest whereby it is free to expand and contract radially in all directions.

2. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, an annular elastic fluid chest located therein in spaced relation to the walls thereof, said chest being provided with circumferentially-spaced openings, and radially-projecting tubes carried by said casing, the ends of said tubes having sliding engagement with said openings and forming a support for said chest, whereby the chest is free to expand and contract radially in all directions.

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, an annular elastic fluid chest locatedtherein in spaced relation `to the walls thereof, said chest being provided with circumferentially -spaced openings, radially-projecting tubes carried by said casing, the ends of said tubes having sliding engagement with said openings and forming a support for said chest, whereby the'chest is free to expand and contract radially in` all direct-ions, and means for supplying elastic ilud through at least some of said tubes to said chest.

4. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, a head for the high pressure end, said head comprising walls which define an annular recess, an annular elastic fluid chest in said recess, circumferentiallyspaced, radially-projecting, telescoping members carriedv by said head and chest which have sliding engagement with each other and form a support for holdingl said chest in spaced relation to the walls of the head but permit the chest to expand and contract independently of the head.

5. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, a head for the high pressure end, said head comprising walls which form an annular recess, an annular fluid chest in said recess, circumferentially spaced tubes which extend through openings in said head and are fixed therein, said chest being slidably supported on the ends of said tubes in spaced relation to said` head, conduits for supplying elastic Huid to said tubes, and valve -means in saidl conduits.

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination'of a casing, a head for the high pressure end, said head comprising walls which form an annular recess, an annular Huid chest in said recess, circumferentially spaced tubes which extend through openings in said head and are fixed therein, said chest being slidably supported on the ends of said tubes f in spaced relation to said head, whereby it is free to'expand and contract in all directions, conduits :tor supplying elastic fluid to said tubes, valve means 1n said conduits, and i partition members which divide said fluid chest into arcuate chambers with whichsaid tubes communicate. l

7 In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotor thereinhaving a plurality of rows of buckets, an annular elastic luid chest having nozzles for supplying elastic uid to vsaid buckets, partition members dividing said chest into arcuate chambers, tubes carried by the casing which support said chest in spaced relation to the casing, said tubes serving to supply elastic liuid to the arcuate chambers, and stationary intermediates between the rows of buckets in front of some of said arcuate chambers,

there being no intermediates between the arcuate chambers.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combinationy of. a casing, 'an annular fluid chest therein, tubes carried by the casing and projecting radially inward, said chest being slidably supported 0n the inner ends of said tubes so it may slide thereon when it expands and contracts, conduits for conveying elastic uid to said tubes, anda valve chest supported on said conduits.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 28th day of June, 1920.

osoAR JUNGGREN.

rows of buckets'in front of other of said

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