US803622A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED NOV. 7, 1905.

E. T. POLLARD.

TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED MRM, 1904.

n K n 5h N/////////N//4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 7, 1905.

Application filed March 19, 1904. Serial No. 199,022.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD THOMAS POL- LARD, a citizen of the United States ot' America, residing at 9 Hereford Mansions. Hereford Road, Bayswater,London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a speciication.

This invention relates to fluid-pressure turbines, and has for its object to provide a turbine in which the expansive energy ot' the steam or elastic fiuid is utilized to the utmost and in distinct successive stages and to provide a turbine ot' inexpensive construction.

According to the invention aseries ot' movable rings are provided alternating with aseries of stationary rings in which respective rings corresponding ports are provided of such a shape that the steam or other elastic fluid is guided from the ports in the stationary rings to act upon the ports in the moving rings, the shape and disposition, moreover, being such that the respective ports are alternately opened and cut olf on the rotation of the moving rings, so that thus the ports on three consecutive rings are never in communication at one time, and thus the steam in the port ot' any ring cannot escape into a port of the next ring until communication with the port ot' the preceding ring is cut oii'. By such means the steam has an abutment against each stationary ring from which it can react.

According to the invention, moreover, the

number oi' ports in the iirst'ring is exceeded by the number in the successive rings, so that the steam or other elastic fluid, which operates with full pressure upon the tirst movable ring,shall operate at reduced pressure through a greater number of ports in the succeeding rings.

According to the invention, moreover, the depth of the ports is progressivelyincreased, While the width of the ports remains the same.

Furthermore, according to the invention projections or flanges are provided upon the moving rings or upon the stationary rings or uponthe casing, in which corresponding grooves or projections of the casing or of the rings lit, so as thus to prevent leakage oi' the steam. Y

, Other constructional feature-s of importance are hereinafter more particularly specified.

, The invention is illustrated, by Way of example, in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of a turbine-motor provided according to the invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation, partly in section, corresponding to Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic plan illustrating the disposition ot' the ports and the manner in which the expansive energy of the steam is utilized in its course through the motor.

In carrying the invention into effect according to one construction I provide a rotating drum (t, which is keyed or otherwise iixedly secured to the spindle of the motor, and upon this drum ct a number of circular rings c are provided, which are advantageously of the same diameter on their periphery and successively ot' greater depth, the tirst ring c having the least depth, while the last ring c2 ot' the series has the greatest depth. A single ring 3 may be provided or a number of rings for the purpose of the reverse rotation of the turbine in the manner hereinafter described.

The turbine-spindle Z9 is mounted within bearings in two end covers CZ and e, the said end covers being provided with antitriction and cushioning devices of any suitable kind now well known for use in turbines rotating at high speeds, which devices form no part of the present invention.

Between the end covers CZ ande the main casingf g is bolted, being formed ot' two semicylindrical parts f and g, respectively, which are bolted together through the longitudinal and abutting flanges f g', respectively, Fig. 2,

The casing f and g is provided withaseries of internally-projecting rings L, which correspond to the rings c of the rotating drum a and are provided of an internal diameter which decreases from the first ring it to the last ring if, while their depths gradually increases so that the diameterl of all the circumferential cavities formed by them is equal.

Within the cavities formed between the rings /t ot' the casingf g the rings c of the rotating drum a nicely iit, so while there may be no great leakage ot' steam between the respective surfaces there will be no actual contact.

Within the part g of the casing an inlet c' is provided, to which the steam-supply pipe'is connected, and an annular groove c" is formedl within the end-cover d, which communicates IOO IOS

with an outlet-passage il, so that steam is led to the rear face of the first stationary ring It'.

Inclined ports j are provided in the first stationary ring L', by which steam is guided to pass into the ports or pockets 7i: in the first series of moving rings c.

The shape of the ports or pockets 7a in the moving rings c', c, and czis in the form of an acute angle, preferably an angle of sixty degrees or more, by which the direction of the steam is reversed, and similarly the ports in the stationary rings /i and if are of the same form, but of reverse arrangement, so that thus the steam which passes into the ports or pockets la exerts pressure tending to rotate the drum and then passes in the reverse direction into the ports of the succeeding stationary ring, where its direction is again reversed and the steam then caused to act on the second moving ring in the same direction as the first, and so on, exhausting into the outlet-passage m. whence it may pass to the condenser.

The ports of the respective stationary and moving rings increase in depth, leaving the connecting part Z, so that both the stationary and moving rings have a continuous periphery, upon which projections cA1 it* are formed, entering into correspondingly-shaped recesses in the casingf g and the drum a, respectively, by which the leakage of steam may be minimized. A number of such projections c4 upon each ring may be provided for the purpose.

It will be understood that the ports-for example, ofthe three successive rings o', L, and c-are never in communication at one time, so that steam in a port in any ring cannot escape into a port of the next ring until communication with the port in the preceding ring is cut off, so that thus the steam has constantly an abutment against the sides of the stationary rings. Furthermore, the number of the ports in the rings 7L c' /i c c2 /tz increases in number, so that the steam may successively operate and expand through more ports or pockets in its course through the turbine and so that thus its expansive energy may be utilized to the utmost before its discharge to the outlet m.

rlhe last series of stationary rings h2 may be provided with their ports coaxial with the turbine-spindle.

A series of ports may advantageously be provided for reversing the rotation of the turbine where but a small power and small eiliciency is necessary, as illustrated in the drawings, in which stationary rings if /t are provided and between them the moving ring c3, the ports of the ring /LG being coaxial with the turbine-spindle.

A partition or annular valve-plate may be provided to close the ports of the ring lt when the reversal of rotation is not required.

f The invention is not limited to the illustrated constructional features nor to the particular shape of the ports other than is required according to the invention as hereinbefore defined.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A fluid-pressure turbine comprising a series of moving rings alternating with a series of stationary rings, ports provided in said respective rings, said ports being so arranged and determined that the ports in any three consecutive rings are never in communication at one time, substantially as described.

2. A fluid-pressure turbine comprising a series of moving rings alternating with a series of stationary rings, ports in the respective stationary and moving rings so arranged and determined that the ports in any three consecutive rings are never in communication at one time the number of ports in the first ring being exceeded by the number in the next, substantially as described.

3. A Huid-pressure turbine consisting of a ser-ies of moving rings alternating with a series of stationary rings, ports provided in such respective rings, said ports being so arranged and determined that the ports in any three consecutive rings are never in communication at one time, said ports increasing in depth in the direction of the course of the motive fluid through the turbine, substantially as described.

4. Aiuid-pressure turbine consisting of a casing having annular grooves in its interior circumference, a rotating cylinder in said casing having annular grooves in its external circumference, a series of rings projecting inwardly from said casing having projections on their peripheries engaging with the grooves in the cylinder, and a series of rings on the cylinder projecting outwardly therefrom and having projections on their peripheries engaging the grooves in the casing, said rings on the cylinder alternating with the rings on the casing.

5. A steam-turbine in which alternate stationary and moving rings are employed having corresponding V-shaped ports therein, the ports in the rings at one end being reversely arranged whereby the turbine may be reversed.

6. A steam-turbine comprising a conicallyshaped hub having rings thereon, the periphery of said rings being in the same horizontal plane, a casing surrounding said hub having a cylindrical interior and rings on the interior of said casing, said rings being of graduallyincreasing length, said rings having ports therein.

EDWARD THOMAS POLLARD.

Witnesses:

E. T. FEALEY, W. J CADMAN.

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