US771397A - Method of spinning or twisting. - Google Patents

Description

N0 MODEL.

PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904.

F. W. SAWYER.

METHOD OF SPINNING 0E TWISTING. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 7', 1902. RENEWED APR. 4, 1904.

7 1/ .Zied'endw w fjy UNITED STATES Patented October 4, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK WENTWORTH SAWYER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO OOCOON SPINNER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

METHOD OF SPINNING OR TWISTING.

'SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 771,397, dated October 4, 1904.

Application filed February '7, 1902. Renewed April 4, 1904;. Serial No. 201,594. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK WENTWORTH SAWYER, of Boston, county of Sufi'olk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Methods of Spinning or Twisting, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like numerals on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to the art of spinning or twisting material to produce yarn, thread, twine, and the like; and the invention consists in a novel method of producing the spun or twisted material in a definitely-wound mass.

The method of producing spun or twisted materialsuch as yarn, thread, and the like forming the subject of this invention involves two steps, of which the first step consists in imparting the twist to the material and accumulating the spun yarn or twisted material in the form of a hollow coil, and the second step consists in winding the material in definite form upon a bobbin or other support or core, so'that the product is furnished in a form suitable for the handling to which the material is to be thereafter subjected or for the subsequent uses to which the material is to be put as, for example, in the form of a bobbin or cop-tube filled with yarn ready to be introduced into a loom-shuttle for weaving theyarn into cloth.

By the method forming the subject of the present invention the material can be spun or twisted and wound at a far greater rate of production than is attainable by the methods heretofore practiced, and the yarn may be produced of any usual qualityas, for example, of proper twist and quality for warp or of the softer quality commonly required for filling used in weaving cloth. In the operation of spinning or twisting materials involved in the method forming the subject of this invention the material to be spun or twisted is fed or supplied to a delivery point or guide through which the material passes and from which a short length of material extends outwardly, and this short length is rapidly revolved around the deliverypoint, and thus the material is twisted. The centrifugal force developed in the revolving short length draws the material through the delivery-point and outward to the place where the force for revolving the short length is applied as fast as it is fed to the said deliverypoint. The material issuing from the delivery point and revolved about the same is confined within a definitely limited space surrounding the delivery-point and is accumulated in the form of a hollow coiled mass on the limiting surface or wall, which may be a hollow cylinder or spinning-chamber constituting the active member of the spinning or twisting appliances. The centrifugal force developed in the short length between the delivery-point and the limitingsurface draws the material outward from the delivery-point as fast as it is fed or supplied thereto along a line which is not quite straight, because the material lags behind a little by reason of its inertia. The arriving material is thus laid on the limiting-surface behind the spun material, the outward movement of which has already been stopped by the limiting-surface. Thus by the efi'ect of centrifugal force and inertia in the revolving short length the spun material is accumulated in the form of a hollow coiled mass in the limited space as fast as the material is fed to the delivery-point, said spun material being coiled around the interior of the confining-wall in the direction opposite to the direction of revolution around the delivery-point. The accumulated hollow coiled mass frictionally engages with the limiting-surface, and thus is revolved thereby and maintains the revolving movement of the short length, whereby the twisting and the coiling of the twisted matetial as rapidly as it is supplied and twisted are performed.

It has been proposed to spin yarn by means of a rotating hollow chamber or cup, upon the interior of which the spun material would accumulate in the form of a hollow coil; but this plan has proved inadequate for successful spinning on account of diificulty encountered in the production of an apparatus to operate in such manner and because the material thus accumulated in the form of a hollow coil could not be removed from the spinning appliances in condition to be subsequently utilized in weaving or for other purposes without involving greater cost in time and labor than would compensate for the advantages which might otherwise pertain to this method of spinning as compared with the methods now generally practiced, in which the material is wound continuously or intermittingly in the spinning operation upon a bobbin or into a cop in proper condition for subsequent handling. These difficulties and objections are obviated by the method forming the subject of the present invention, which includes, in connection with the first step above described, the second step, which consists in uncoiling the accumulated mass of spun or twisted material and in the same operation winding it onto a suitable support, core, or bobbin. This is preferably done during and in consequence of the further rotation of the said mass in the same direction as that involved in the spinning or twisting and collecting operation. Thus the active member of the spinning appliances may be rotated or run without intermission until the twisting and accumulating operation constituting the first step and the winding operation constituting the second step of the method forming the subject of this invention have been performed, the winding operation requiring a relatively small expenditure of time, so that the product of the apparatus is very great.

The winding operation constituting the second step in the method forming the subject of this invention involves the engaging or catching of the twisted material at a point between the point of supply of the untwisted material and the point where it is coiled into the hollow mass and then winding the spun material onto a support or bobbin while uncoiling it from the interiorof the coiled mass. This winding operation may be performed practically and satisfactorily by introducing abobbin or other suitable core or support into the void space in the hollow rotating mass of spun material, so that said support engages the revolving short length of material, whereupon by the continued rotation of the coiled mass the yarn is uncoiled from off the inte rior of the mass and wound onto the bobbin. The feed or supply of the material to the spinning agency is stopped while the winding operation is performed, and in order to facilitate the removal of the wound mass without breaking the material above or near the delivery-point a short length of said material is taken up or drawn back from the coiled mass. so as to afford a greater length of material between the point of supply and the coiled mass than is required to extend directly from the former to the latter. WV hen the spun material has been uncoiled and wound onto the support, the extra length that was taken up is given out while the wound mass is being withdrawn from theposition in which the material was wound upon it, thus enabling the yarn to be broken off at some distance below the delivery-point to supply the short length to be revolved upon resuming the spinning operation. Thus the spinning operation can be resumed without necessitating any manipulation of the material to properly engage it with the delivery-point.

The above-described method of spinning or twisting and winding fibrous materials has the advantage as compared with ring-spinning now generally employed that the yarn itself is subjected to scarcely any stress in the spin,- ning operation, the speed of which is limited only by the speed at which the spinning appliances can be driven. In ringspinning,on the other hand, the force for revolving the traveler and bight of yarn involved in the spinning operation is transmitted through the yarn itself, which is thus subjected to astress which increases rapidly as the speed of the spindle increases, and thus limits the rate of production. because when the speed of rotation of the spindle reaches a certain amount the stress upon the yarn is equal to or greater than the tensile strength of the yarn,and consequently the speed of the spindle and rate of production must be kept below this limit in order to avoid too frequent breakages of the yarn. In other words, in ring-spinning it is the conditions existing in the yarn that limit the rate of production and not the speed at which the spindle can be driven asa mechanical matter.

The method of spinning and winding the spun material forming the subject of this invention may be performed by mechanical appliances varying widely in details of construction, and I have also invented a practical and efficient mechanical apparatus for carrying out this method in the operation of spinning, shown as a spinning-frame suitable for producingcotton yarn ready to be introduced into loom-shuttles to be used as filling in the weaving of cloth, which apparatus forms the subject of another application for Letters Patent.

Figure 1 illustrates the first step of the method--namely, the operation of twisting the material and collecting the spun or twisted material in the form of a hollow coil, said figure showing the mass of spun material in section on a plane through its axis of rotation. Fig. 2 is a view showing the operative relation of the spinning agencies in a section transverse to the axis of rotation of the mass of spun material. Figs. 3 and i are similar views illustrating the preferred manner of performing the second step of the method namely, the operation by which the hollow coiled mass is wound upon a central core or support on which it may be removed from the spinning agencies. Fig. 5 is a modification showing another way of performing the second step of the method.

Referring to Fig. 1, the material t to be spun or twisted is fed or supplied continuously during the spinning operation in any suitable manner, as by rolls 3, Fig. 3, the material passing from said rolls to a delivery-point 7, which maybe determined by a guide or eye of any suitable character, the material passing through said point. It is not necessary that the material should be delivered in a single strand, as illustrated in Fig. 3. It may be supplied as a plurality of strands, which may or may not'come together before they arrive in close proximity to the deliverypoint, as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 1.

. After issuing from said guide or deliverypoint 7 a short length of the material, as shown at A0, is drawn outwardly from said delivery-point, and the said short length is revolved rapidly around said delivery-point. This carrying or rev'olving of the short length 40, extendingfrom the delivery-point, around said delivery-point may be performed by. a hollow chamber 5, surrounding the deliverypoint and adapted to be rotated at high speed about an axis substantially at right angles to the short length 40 of the material being operated upon. The rapid revolution of the short length 40 develops centrifugal force therein, causing the material to be drawn from the delivery-point as rapidly as it is supplied or fed thereto, and the rotation also twists the material, and with a continuous feed or supply the material is continuously twisted and drawn forward through the delivery point,

from which it issues outwardly. The material thus issuing is confined in a definitely-limited space about the delivery-point by the wall of the rotating chamber 5, and thus it accumulates on the said wall. The material issuing from the delivery-point lags or hangs back of the point of engagement with the rotating chamber or coiled mass therein in the revolving movement, as shown in Fig. 2, and thus by the resultant action of the centrifugal force drawing it outward from the axis of revolution and of its lagging or following behind the previously-coiled material in the revolving movement the spun material 9 is laid around the interior of the limiting-surface in a continuous coil, which is itself rotated and becomes the limiting surface for the subsequently supplied and twisted material. By giving the delivery-point a suitable traverse movement in the direction of the axis of rotation of the chamber 5 the consecutive coils of the spun material are deposited in layers, and the mass gradually accumulates in the form of a hollow coil 9, as shown. As shown in Fig. l, the delivery-point is moving downward or in the direction of the adjacent arrow, and the material is thus coiled helically and forms a layer upon the inside of the previously spun and coiled mass by the joint effect of centrifugal force tending to draw the material 40 from the delivery-point outwardly, as shown by the adjacent arrow, Fig. 2, and of the inertia causing the material to hang back in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the chamber or mass indicated by the adjacent arrow in Fig. 2. At the beginning of the operation, before any of the spun material has accumulated, a free end of the material passing through the guide-eye 7 may be brought in any suitable manner against the inner surface of the rotating wall or chamber 5, which will engage said free endfrictionally or otherwise and cause it to revolve therewith, and thus to twist the material anddraw it by centrifugal force from the delivery-point to the inner surface of the wall, upon which the material thus spun or twisted will be coiled and will gradually accumulate and form a hollow mass built up upon the inner surface of the rotating wall, as has been described. The wall thus serves to limit and carry the accumulating material received from the delivery-point and to preserve the form of the accumulating mass and to maintain its rotation, so that the twisting and coiling operations may proceed simultaneously and progressively as the material is fed or supplied to the delivery-point. The spinning operation may thus proceedun'til a proper amount is accumulated, limited by the size of the chamber. WV hen this amount has been accumulated, as shown in Fig. 3, it must be withdrawn in order that the spinning and coiling operation may be repeated, and the second step in the present method consists in winding the material accumulated in the spinningchamber onto a support or core in suitable form for the subsequent manipulations to which the material is to be subjected or uses to which it is to be put. This second step may be performed by passing a suitable supportinto the void space inthe coiled mass and engaging the revolving short length of material 40 when at or near the end of the coiled mass 9 with the end of the support. The support may be a spool or bobbin 16, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, provided at its end with an engaging point 17 to engage the revolving short length. At or before such engagement the feed or supply of material to the delivery-point should be stopped, and the result will be that when the short length 40 is engaged, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4:, the continued rotation of the coiled mass in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 4, will carry the material around and wind it upon the support 16, the said material uncoiling from the hollow mass in proportion as it is wound upon the supporting spool or bobbin. As the rotation of the coiled mass is very rapid the winding will be performed very quickly, and the filled support may then be withdrawn from within the hollow chamber and the spinning or twisting operation resumed. In order to facilitate the withdrawal of the wound mass without breakage of the material between the point of supply and the wound mass, so that the spinningoperation may be promptly resumed after the withdrawal of the wound mass, a portion of the material is taken up between the point of supply and the interior of the coiled mass being drawn back from within the coiled mass, as indicated at 25, Fig. 3, after the feed or supply is stopped and just before the winding operation begins. When the spun material has been uncoiled and wound upon the bobbin and in the operation of withdrawing the wound material from within the hollow chamher, the previously-taken-up length of material is given out and by the withdrawal of the wound material is drawn through the deliverypoint and hollow chamber, so that it may be broken off below the latter and will thus afford the short length to be revolved around the delivery-point for resuming the spinning operation, which begins upon the starting of the feed or supply of the untwisted material toward the delivery-point.

1n the modification shown in Fig.5 the support upon which the spun material is wound is introduced into the accumulated coil of spun material in the same direction in which the material to be spun enters the said coiled mass. When this plan is adopted, the support is made hollow, so that the support for the guide-eye and the material being spun may pass through the said support while the latter is being introduced into the void space in the coiled mass preparatory to having the latter wound upon it.

1 claim- 1. That improvement in the art or method of spinning or twisting which consists in the following steps: first, spinning and collecting the spun material in the form of a hollow rotating coil by progressively supplying the material to a delivery-point and rapidly revolving a short length of said material after passing the delivery-point about said delivery-point and conlining the material after passing the deliverypoint within a limited space around the delivery-point; and, second, in uncoiling the material from said hollow coil, and in the same operation winding it onto a bobbin or support.

2. That improvementin the art or method of producing spun or twisted material in a definitely-wound mass which consists of two steps: first, in revolving a short length of the material about a delivery-point whereby the required twist is imparted to it, and in coiling the twisted material into a rotating hollow coil as it is fed through the delivery-point; and, second, in uncoiling said material from the interior of said hollow coil while its rotation is maintained and winding it onto a bobbin or support.

3. Thatimprovementin the art or method of spinning or twisting material which consists in the following steps: first, spinning and collecting the spun material in the form of a hollow coil by progressively supplying the material to be spun or twisted to a deliverypoint and rapidly revolving a short length of said material after passing the delivery-point about said delivery-point, and by confining the material after passing the delivery-point within a limited space around the deliverypoint; and second, in winding said spun and coiled material upon a core or support by introducing the core or support into the hollow coiled rotating mass, and engaging the core with the material, substantially as described.

4. That improvement in the art or method of spinning or twisting material which consists in progressively feeding the material to a delivery-point; rapidly revolving a short length of the material about said delivery-point, and confining the material within a definitelylimited space about the delivery-point, whereby said material is spun or twisted and accumulated in the form of a hollow coiled mass; and rotating said mass, and stopping the feed of the untwisted material, and introducing a core or support in said hollow coiled rotating mass and engaging said core with. the material near one end of the coil, whereby the hollow coil is wound upon the outside of the core or support, substantially as described.

5. Thatimprovementin the art or method of spinning which consists in feeding or supplying the material to be spun to a guide, and delivering said material thcrethrough to a rotating wall or surface surrounding said guide, whereby the material between the guide and wall is revolved and is drawn laterally from said guide by centrifugal force, and the supplied material is twisted, and the spun or twisted material after passing the guide is confined by said surface and laid in a hollow coil thereon; and in removing the spun material from the surrounding wall by engaging the spun material on its way from the guide to the surrounding wall by a core or support surrounded by the spun material, which by the rotation of the latter is wound upon said support, so. that it may be removed thereon from within the rotating wall, substantially as described. v

6. The art or method of producing spun or twisted material in a definitely-wound mass, which consists first in spinning and coiling the material on the interior of a rotating chamber, and second in winding the spun coiled material onto a bobbin or other support while the chamber revolves.

7. The art or method of producing spun or twisted material in a definitely-wound mass, which consists in'first spinning and coiling the material on the interior of a rotating chamher, and second, in employing the further rotation of said chamber to wind the spun coiled material onto a bobbin or other support introduced into said chamber.

8. The art or method of producing spun or twisted material in a definitely-wound mass,

which consists in spinning and collecting the mass is Withdrawn from the position in which IO material into a hollow coiled mass, stopping the material Was Wound upon it.

the feed of said material to the spinning In testimony WhereofI havesigned my name means, taking up a length of material beto this specification in the presence of two subtWeen said mass and the feeding means, introscribing Witnesses.

ducing a support Within said mass, Winding FREDERICK WENTWORTH SAWYER. the spun material onto said support, and giv- Witnesses:

ing up the length of material theretofore HENRY J. LIYERMORE,

taken up as the support holding the Wound JAs. J. lVIALOlIEY.

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