US771103A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTEQD SEPT. 27, 1904.,

s. N. SMITH. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED EAR. 30, 1903.

2 SHEBTBSHEET 1.

NO MODEL.

PATENTED- SEPT. 27, 1904.

S. N. SMITH. STEAM TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED MAR. so, 1903.

2 sums-sum 2..

N0 MODEL.

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PATENT OFFICE.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 771,103, dated September 27, 1904.

Application filed March so, 1903.

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SoMMERs N. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to steam turbines; and it consists of certain improvements in that class of steam-engines whereby I am enabled to provide an economical and simple mechanical construction, effect an economy in the amount of steam used, and at the same time produce a compact and eflicient motor.

My invention is fully shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of my improved turbine, taken on the line a a, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same, taken on the line b h, Fig. 1. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are enlarged sectional views of details of the structure, and Fig. 6 is an enlarged view illustrating a further detail of my invention.

In my improved form of turbine I employ nozzles to direct the steam against blades disposed at the periphery of a wheel or other movablemember. I also arrange the nozzles in my improved form of turbine so that they discharge within a casing, thereby preventing in a great measure loss of steam by condensation.

In the accompanying drawings, 1 represents the shaft to be driven, which is mounted in,

suitable bearings 2, disposed beyond the casing. This shaft carries a sleeve 3, upon which is mounted a series of hubs 1, having arms 5 and annular rims 6, the whole comprising a spider, and to these rims 6 are secured the annular plates 7, which carry the annular ranges of buckets or blades 8. This structure is mounted within a suitable chamber comprising the annular wall or casing 10 and the end walls or bonnets l1 and 12. Each end wall or bonnet has an enlarged hub 13, which provides a bearing for the shaft 1, such hub having grooves 1 1 formed in the inner surface next to the shaft and having means for supplying water or other fluid to act asa seal to prevent leakage of steam from the casing if the machine is running non-con- Serial Nol50,16l. (N0 model.

densing and to prevent leakage of air into the casing if the machine is running as a condenser. In the present instance enlarged chambers 15 are provided having inlet-pipes 16. The exhaust-opening 17 is formed in the end wall 12. Beyond the seals for the shaft pedestals 18 are arranged fitted with the bearings 2, having multiple floating sleeves l9, perforated for oil or other lubricant. The annular plates 7 are forced, shrunk, or slid onto the rims 6, and they are secured in place by keys 20, set at intervals around the rims, as shown in Fig. 1. The end ranges of buckets are secured against lateral movement, and through them all of the ranges of buckets are held in place by the followers or annular keepers 21, carried by the rims 6 and secured thereto by means of the bolts 22.

The buckets or blades 8 are secured to the rims 6 in the manner shown in the enlarged views Figs. 3 and 4.. The annular plates 7 are grooved at 23, as shown, which grooves are cut entirely through at the point 24:, and the curved plate forming the blade or bucket 8 is arranged to slip into this groove and is provided with a projection 8, adapted to fit the cut-out portion 25.

For the purpose of securing together the plates 7, between which the blades 8 are held, certain of these blades will be provided with projections 26, arranged to enter apertures 27, formed in line'with the grooves to receive the blades forming the buckets, which projections are afterward riveted over, as clearly shown in Fig. 4:.

The nozzles for supplying the steam are shown at 29 and are secured in any suitable manner to the annular wall or casing 10, the outlets of the same being arranged equidistantly from each other or spaced as may be desired. The steamnozzles are provided with flanges 30, whereby they may be readily secured to the annular wall of the turbine-casing. These nozzles extend across the full width of the ranges of buckets or blades and are what are known as expanding nozzles, having a gradual taper from the steaminlet opening 31 to their enlarged end 32, clirectly adjacent to the blades or buckets. These nozzles, of which there are six in the present instance, are fed from the steam-conduits 33, which extend from the main steam-inlet 3a. The admission of steam may be controlled at a single point by an ordinary steam-valveas, for instance, the valve 35, mounted in the casing 36, from which the steam-conduits 33 extend-or in the manner described below.

In lieu of the single valve 35 for controlling the admission of steam each inlet-nozzle may be provided with a valve constructed and arranged as follows: The inlet-opening 31. of each nozzle is very narrow and opens out from a circular chamber 33, and this inletopening is controlled by a valve 37, capable of partial rotary movement within said chamber. This valve may be fitted with a slot or port 38, by means of which the amount of steam admitted to the expansion-nozzle 29 can be regulated, or it may be arranged to open and close the opening 31.

Simultaneous adjustment of all of the valves controlling the openings 31 may be accomplished by means of the slotted ring 39, which acts upon levers 40, secured to each valve 37, This ring may be operated by hand or by a suitable governor, preferably of a type to be directly attached to the main shaft.

One of the main advantages of my improved turbine is the ease in which its size may be increased or decreased. The number of ranges of buckets that may be employed is only limited by the length of shaft that may be properly supported in the bearings.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a steam-turbine, the combination of a moving member having a series of arms forming spiders, rims connecting said arms, annular rings secured to said rims, and a series of annular ranges of buckets or blades spaced apart by and secured to said annular rings.

2. Ina steam-turbine, the combination of a moving member having a series of arms forming spiders, rims connecting said arms, annular rings carried by said rims, a series of ranges of buckets or blades carried by said annular rings, the latter having grooves formed directly in their faces to secure and ant position said buckets or blades in place, and nozzles arranged to direct steam across the face of said buckets or blades.

3. In a steam-turbine, the combination of a series of spiders forming a moving member, annular rings secured to the peripheral edge of the same, a series of buckets or blades carried by and secured to said annular rings, a casing inclosing said structure, a series of expansion-nozzles extending across the face of said buckets or blades, and steam-supply pipes communicating with said nozzles.

4:. In a steam-turbine,the combination of the moving member, a series of annular ranges of buckets or blades carried thereby, said buckets or blades being mounted on the peripheral edge of said moving member, a casing inclosing said structure, expansion-nozzles adapted to direct steam across the entire face of said buckets or blades,steam-supply pipes communicating with said nozzles, rocking valves extending across the nozzles and controlling the discharge from the same, and means for operating said valves simultaneously.

5. In a steam-turbine, the combination of a moving member, annular rings carried thereby, said rings being grooved on their inner face and having through-openings in line with said grooves, and buckets or blades arranged between said rings and seating in the grooves, said buckets having projections extending into the through-openings of the rings.

6. In a steam-turbine, the combination of a moving member having a series of spiders, annular rings carried by said spiders, said rings being grooved on their inner face and having through-openings in line with said grooves, and buckets or blades arranged between said rings and seating in the grooves, said buckets having projections extending into the through-openings of the rings.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SOMMERS N. SMITH.

Witnesses:

MURRAY 0. BOYER, J os. H. KLEIN.

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