US7427009B2 - Capillary for wire bonding - Google Patents
Capillary for wire bonding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7427009B2 US7427009B2 US10/877,079 US87707904A US7427009B2 US 7427009 B2 US7427009 B2 US 7427009B2 US 87707904 A US87707904 A US 87707904A US 7427009 B2 US7427009 B2 US 7427009B2
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- capillary tip
- bonding
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- bonding wire
- capillary
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K20/004—Wire welding
- B23K20/005—Capillary welding
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a capillary for delivering a bonding wire, and in particular to a capillary for use in connecting a wire to a semiconductor device by bonding, for example, by the application of ultrasonic energy.
- a semiconductor chip or integrated circuit die onto a substrate such as a leadframe, and then electrically connect the die and substrate with conductive bonding wires.
- a substrate such as a leadframe
- heavy aluminum wire is commonly used to make the connection and carry current between the die and the substrate.
- These aluminum wires typically have diameters of 5 mils and above, and can be as wide as 20 mils in diameter.
- the aluminum wires are preferably bonded to bonding pads of the respective die and substrate using wedge bonding.
- both the first and second bonds are formed in an identical manner, there is no substantial variation in the current-carrying capacity of the wire throughout the whole wire length as the cross-sectional area of the wire is about the same throughout the wire. Consequently, there is no significant difference in the pull strength of the first wedge bond at a first bonding pad, as compared to the pull strength of the second wedge bond at a second bonding pad.
- the first bond is formed from a ball and the second bond is effected by pressing the wire between the capillary and the bonding surface resulting in a flattened area with diminished cross-sectional area now referred to as a stitch bond.
- the current-carrying capacity of the wire at a ball bond area of the first bond is thus higher than the current-carrying capacity of the wire at the stitch bond area of the second bond, where the cross-sectional area of the wire is at the lowest. There is thus a current-carrying bottleneck at the stitch bond. Furthermore, the smaller cross-sectional area means that the lowest bond pull strength of the wire is at the stitch bond.
- copper ball bonding is generally confined to wire diameters of around 2 mils (about 50 microns) and below.
- wire diameters of around 2 mils (about 50 microns) and below.
- the lack of stitch pull strength and non-uniformity of the wire causing greater electrical resistance at the stitch bond would pose greater operational issues. It would be desirable to increase the cross-sectional area of the wire at the stitch bond position so as to decrease the bottleneck effect and to increase the pull strength at the stitch bond position.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a capillary 100 according to the prior art.
- the capillary 100 has a capillary tip 102 that feeds a bonding wire 104 through a capillary hole 106 at the center of the capillary tip 102 .
- Adjacent to the bottom face 108 is a sloping capillary tip face 110 , which leads to an outer radius 112 of the capillary tip 102 .
- the sloping capillary tip face 110 forms a face angle A 0 with respect to a horizontal bonding surface.
- a stitch bond is formed by the capillary tip 102 deforming the wire 104 against the surface to be bonded, typically a “lead” or “second bond surface”, thereby producing a wedge-shaped bond.
- the top part of the stitch bond follows the contour of the sloping capillary tip face 110 and outer radius 112 of the capillary tip 102 .
- the actual area welded or bonded under the stitch is dependent upon the capillary tip face design, the bonding parameters used (ultrasonic power, bonding time, bonding force and bond stage temperature) and the bondability of the material to be bonded to.
- a smaller face angle A 0 of the sloping capillary tip face 110 will result in a stitch that is thinner than a sloping capillary tip face 110 with a larger face angle. Nevertheless, simply increasing the face angle A 0 to obtain a thicker stitch would reduce bond strength and lead to an unreliable bond.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a stitch bond formed by the capillary of FIG. 1 .
- the wire thickness X-X at a selected point of the stitch bond where the wire first meets the bonding surface is 39 microns. With this wire thickness for a heavy wire, problems with pull strength and current-carrying capacity as explained above may be experienced.
- JP2001-291736 entitled “Capillary for Wire Bonding”.
- the publication discloses a capillary with a cone shape facing downward.
- a leading edge of the capillary is formed in two stages.
- the leading edge has a bottom face for leading out a fine wire, and an edge of the bottom face is used to cut the fine wire.
- this invention is said to be applicable for bonding thin gold wires, specifically gold wires of 10-20 microns in diameter, not heavy wires.
- the step-like peripheral region with orthogonal orientations tends to press the wire at the wedge bond and deforms it to help in improving bond adhesion towards the end of the wire, the relatively flat contact at the bottom face of the capillary cuts the wire rather abruptly. Since the contact area between the stitch bond and the bonding surface is one of the factors that determine stitch pull strength, the flat bottom face of the capillary limits the contact area between the stitch bond and the bonding surface of the die or substrate. The end of stitch profile of the stitch bond is still relatively thin.
- the stitch bond that is formed has a stepped shape since the peripheral surfaces are parallel and perpendicular to the bottom face respectively, which decreases the uniformity of the wire.
- There may be a mechanical weakness formed in the bond because the sharp orthogonal edge of the step initiates micro-cracks in the stitch bond which will result in fractures during subsequent operational cycles. Sharp edges of the capillary will lead to very fast build up of wire material resulting in bonds with lower and inconsistent stitch pull strengths. Uniformity of current-carrying capacity at the stitch bond is lacking.
- the invention seeks to provide a capillary for wire bonding which offers improved bond pull strength and current-carrying capacity as compared to the aforementioned prior art.
- the invention provides a capillary tip for deforming a bonding wire, comprising: a bottom face along an inner periphery of the capillary tip for pressing the bonding wire against a bonding surface; an outer radius along an outer periphery of the capillary tip; a first inclined face adjacent to the bottom face and extending obliquely to the bottom face; and a second inclined face adjacent to the first inclined face and extending obliquely to the first inclined face.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a capillary according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a stitch bond formed by the prior art capillary of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a capillary according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a stitch bond formed by the capillary of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of a capillary according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a capillary 10 according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the capillary 10 comprises a capillary tip 12 that feeds bonding wire 14 to a bonding location through a chamfered hole 16 .
- a bottom face 18 of the capillary tip 12 is operative to press and deform the bonding wire 14 after a stitch bond is formed at the bonding location.
- the bonding wire preferably has a diameter of at least 3 mils (76.2 microns) and is preferably made of copper material.
- the capillary tip 12 includes a first inclined face 20 adjacent to the bottom face 18 that extends obliquely to the bottom face 18 , and a second inclined face 22 that is adjacent to and extends obliquely to the first inclined face 20 .
- the second inclined face 22 shown in cross-section in FIG. 3 appears as two straight lines.
- An outside radius 24 along an outer periphery of the capillary tip 12 is adjacent to the second inclined face 22 .
- the height D 1 which is a height of the intersection point of the first and second inclined surfaces 20 , 22 from a plane that is coplanar with the bottom face 18 , is preferably between 0.1 to 0.5 of the wire diameter, WD of the bonding wire 14 , such that: 0.1 WD ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 0.5 WD. More preferably, the height D 1 is configured such that: 0.3 WD ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 0.4 WD.
- the diameter D 3 of the outer circumference of the bottom face 18 is preferably between 11 ⁇ 2 WD and 3 WD, such that: 11 ⁇ 2WD ⁇ D 3 ⁇ 3 WD. More preferably, the diameter D 3 is configured such that: 2 WD ⁇ D 3 ⁇ 21 ⁇ 2 WD.
- the outer radius 24 comprising a curved surface preferably has a radius R, where 0.4 WD ⁇ R ⁇ 1 WD. More preferably, the radius R is configured such that 0.5 WD ⁇ R ⁇ 0.8 WD.
- An angle A 1 of the second inclined face 22 with respect to a bonding surface, which is typically horizontal, is preferably between 4 degrees to 11 degrees. More preferably, the angle A 1 is between 6 degrees to 10 degrees.
- An interfacial angle A 2 between opposite faces of the first inclined face 20 is preferably between 70 degrees to 120 degrees. More preferably, the angle A 2 is between 80 degrees to 100 degrees.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a stitch bond formed by the capillary of FIG. 3 .
- the wire thickness X′-X′ at a selected point of the stitch bond at the point where the bonding wire 14 first meets the bonding surface is 61 microns.
- the wire thickness at the selected point has been increased from 39 microns to 61 microns. With this wire thickness, the problems with pull strength and current-carrying capacity are significantly reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of a capillary 30 according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the capillary 30 also has a capillary tip 12 including a chamfered hole 16 for feeding the bonding wire 14 to a bonding location.
- the bottom face 18 is located next to the chamfered hole 16 .
- first inclined face 20 Adjacent to the bottom face 18 , there is a first inclined face 20 that is adjacent to and extends obliquely to the bottom face 18 .
- a second inclined face which in this embodiment is in the form of a groove 26 , is adjacent to and extends at an oblique angle to the first inclined face 20 .
- the second inclined face or groove 26 is formed adjacent to an outside radius 24 of the capillary tip 12 .
- the main difference between the first and second embodiments of the capillary 10 , 30 is that the second inclined face is in the form of a groove 26 rather than a sloping surface 22 appearing in cross-section in FIG. 3 as two straight lines.
- the groove 26 preferably has a radius R 1 , where 0.25 WD ⁇ R 1 ⁇ 0.75 WD. More preferably, the radius R 1 of the groove 26 is configured such that 0.35 WD ⁇ R 1 ⁇ 0.55 WD.
- the outer radius 24 preferably has a radius R 2 , where 0.25 WD ⁇ R 2 ⁇ 0.75 WD. More preferably, the radius R 2 of the outer radius 24 is configured such that 0.35 WD ⁇ R 2 ⁇ 0.55 WD. If R 2 is too low, a weakened stitch bond may result.
- the height D 2 of the lowest point of the outer radius 24 from a plane that is coplanar with the bottom face 18 is preferably from 0.2 times the wire diameter WD, and up to 0.4 times of WD, such that: 0.2 WD ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 0.4 WD. More preferably, the depth D 2 is configured such that 0.2 WD ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 0.3 WD.
- the diameter D 4 of the outer circumference of the bottom face 18 is preferably between 11 ⁇ 2 and 3 times of WD, such that: 11 ⁇ 2 WD ⁇ D 4 ⁇ 3 WD. More preferably, the diameter D 4 is configured such that: 2 WD ⁇ D 4 ⁇ 3 WD.
- the capillary 10 was found to have a current-carrying capacity that was 37% higher than a prior art capillary 100 , as demonstrated in Table B below:
- the capillary 10 was able to achieve an average stitch pull strength of 360.077 g, whereas the prior art capillary 100 was able to achieve an average stitch pull strength of 260.427 g.
- the average increase in stitch pull strength by using a capillary 10 according to the preferred embodiment of the invention was therefore about 100 g.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wire Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
TABLE A | ||||
Capillary | Width of | Thickness of | Cross-sectional | Resistance 1 |
Design | Stitch (μm) | Stitch (μm) | area (μm2) | (R) μ Ohm |
Conventional | 275.89 | 39.39 | 10,867.46 | 1.5551 |
Invention | 245.695 | 60.61 | 14,891.57 | 1.1349 |
TABLE B | ||||
Stitch Cross- | ||||
Capillary | sectional | Wire | Fusing | Fusing |
Design | area (μm2) | Length (mm) | Time (sec) | Current (A) |
Conventional | 10,867.46 | 5 | 5 | 28.72 |
Invention | 14,891.57 | 5 | 5 | 39.36 |
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/877,079 US7427009B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Capillary for wire bonding |
CNB200510076820XA CN100423219C (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-17 | Capillary for wire bonding |
SG200503933A SG118392A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-20 | Capillary for wire bonding |
SG200718824-6A SG138614A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-20 | Capillary for wire bonding |
CH01060/05A CH698058B1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-22 | Capillary for wire bonding. |
MYPI20052875A MY140036A (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-23 | Capillary for wire bonding |
JP2005184156A JP2006013512A (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-23 | Capillary for wire bonding |
KR1020050054831A KR100749691B1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2005-06-24 | Capillary for wire bonding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/877,079 US7427009B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Capillary for wire bonding |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050284913A1 US20050284913A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US7427009B2 true US7427009B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 |
Family
ID=35504526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/877,079 Expired - Lifetime US7427009B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | Capillary for wire bonding |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7427009B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006013512A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100749691B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100423219C (en) |
CH (1) | CH698058B1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY140036A (en) |
SG (2) | SG138614A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100200969A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Semiconductor package and method of manufacturing the same |
US8618677B2 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2013-12-31 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Wirebonded semiconductor package |
US20210111146A1 (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-15 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Cupd wire bond capillary design |
US11756919B2 (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2023-09-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wedge tool, bonding device, and bonding inspection method |
Families Citing this family (7)
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WO2010147187A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-23 | ローム株式会社 | Semiconductor device |
CN102820236B (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2015-08-26 | 无锡华润安盛科技有限公司 | A kind of wire bonding method of pre-plastic package lead frame |
US9093515B2 (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-07-28 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Wire bonding capillary with working tip protrusion |
JP6331633B2 (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2018-05-30 | 富士電機株式会社 | Wire bonding apparatus and wire bonding method |
IT201900024295A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-17 | St Microelectronics Srl | WIRE BONDING TOOL, PROCEDURE AND CORRESPONDING BOND STRUCTURE |
US11515284B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2022-11-29 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Multi-segment wire-bond |
FR3126898B1 (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-11-24 | St Microelectronics Grenoble 2 | Wire welding tool |
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US4315128A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1982-02-09 | Kulicke And Soffa Industries Inc. | Electrically heated bonding tool for the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US4415115A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-11-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Bonding means and method |
US4974767A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1990-12-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Double cone wire bonding capillary |
US5379512A (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1995-01-10 | Santa Barbara Research Center | Method for bonding a flexible cable to an electrical component |
US5421503A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1995-06-06 | Kulicke And Soffa Investments, Inc. | Fine pitch capillary bonding tool |
US5662261A (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1997-09-02 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Wire bonding capillary |
US6158647A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-12-12 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Concave face wire bond capillary |
-
2004
- 2004-06-24 US US10/877,079 patent/US7427009B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-06-17 CN CNB200510076820XA patent/CN100423219C/en active Active
- 2005-06-20 SG SG200718824-6A patent/SG138614A1/en unknown
- 2005-06-20 SG SG200503933A patent/SG118392A1/en unknown
- 2005-06-22 CH CH01060/05A patent/CH698058B1/en unknown
- 2005-06-23 MY MYPI20052875A patent/MY140036A/en unknown
- 2005-06-23 JP JP2005184156A patent/JP2006013512A/en active Pending
- 2005-06-24 KR KR1020050054831A patent/KR100749691B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4315128A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1982-02-09 | Kulicke And Soffa Industries Inc. | Electrically heated bonding tool for the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US4415115A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-11-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Bonding means and method |
US4974767A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1990-12-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Double cone wire bonding capillary |
US5379512A (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1995-01-10 | Santa Barbara Research Center | Method for bonding a flexible cable to an electrical component |
US5421503A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1995-06-06 | Kulicke And Soffa Investments, Inc. | Fine pitch capillary bonding tool |
US5662261A (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1997-09-02 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Wire bonding capillary |
US6158647A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-12-12 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Concave face wire bond capillary |
US6311890B1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2001-11-06 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Concave face wire bond capillary |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100200969A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Semiconductor package and method of manufacturing the same |
US8357998B2 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2013-01-22 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Wirebonded semiconductor package |
US8618677B2 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2013-12-31 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Wirebonded semiconductor package |
US11756919B2 (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2023-09-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wedge tool, bonding device, and bonding inspection method |
US20210111146A1 (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-15 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Cupd wire bond capillary design |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG138614A1 (en) | 2008-01-28 |
KR20060048506A (en) | 2006-05-18 |
US20050284913A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
CH698058B1 (en) | 2009-05-15 |
SG118392A1 (en) | 2006-01-27 |
KR100749691B1 (en) | 2007-08-17 |
CN1722396A (en) | 2006-01-18 |
MY140036A (en) | 2009-11-30 |
JP2006013512A (en) | 2006-01-12 |
CN100423219C (en) | 2008-10-01 |
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