US7425814B2 - Battery pack and remaining battery power calculation method - Google Patents

Battery pack and remaining battery power calculation method Download PDF

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Publication number
US7425814B2
US7425814B2 US10/983,396 US98339604A US7425814B2 US 7425814 B2 US7425814 B2 US 7425814B2 US 98339604 A US98339604 A US 98339604A US 7425814 B2 US7425814 B2 US 7425814B2
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Prior art keywords
temperature
battery
battery cell
remaining
history
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US10/983,396
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US20050189919A1 (en
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Yukio Tsuchiya
Hideyuki Sato
Kazuyasu Nawa
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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Assigned to SONY CORPORATION reassignment SONY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TSUCHIYA, YUKIO, NAWA, KAZUYASU, SATO, HIDEYUKI
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery pack and a remaining battery power calculation method, and more particularly, to a battery pack and a remaining battery power calculation method capable of calculating remaining battery power according to the temperature of the battery pack during use.
  • Battery packs such as liquid ion batteries have specific capacities, and their capacities have the characteristic of varying according to the temperature under which the battery pack is used.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing discharge characteristics of a battery pack at 25° C., 10° C. and 0° C.
  • the abscissa represents time, while the ordinate represents voltage.
  • the following measurement result is obtained: if a dischargeable capacity in an environment of 25° C. is set to 100%, for example, the measurement shows approximately 80% dischargeable capacity under an environment of 10° C. and approximately 60% dischargeable capacity under an environment of 0° C.
  • the current thermistor temperature is measured to correct a usable time in the current temperature environment. Accordingly, in environments of lower temperature, displayed usable time tends to become shorter.
  • the conventional technique using a thermistor merely makes it possible to measure the temperature of a circuit board of a battery pack or the surface temperature thereof.
  • the actual decrease of battery capacity depends on the internal temperature of the battery cells (the temperatures of electrodes disposed within the battery cells). Accordingly, conventional technologies have a problem not to be able to carry out accurate correction.
  • the present invention has been conceived in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack and a remaining battery power calculation method that can reduce calculation error of remaining battery power.
  • a battery pack capable of calculating remaining battery power according to the temperature of the battery pack in use, characterized by a temperature measurement means for measuring a temperature of a battery cell, a measured temperature history storage means for storing a history of the measured temperature, an in-cell temperature inference means for extracting a minimum temperature from the history of a predetermined time and inferring the minimum temperature as a current temperature within the battery cell, and a remaining power calculation means for calculating remaining battery power based on the inferred temperature within the battery cell.
  • the temperature of the battery cell measured by the temperature measurement means is stored into the measured temperature history storage means for storing a history of temperature.
  • the temperature inference means extracts a minimum temperature from the history of the predetermined time from the measured temperature history storage means, and infers the minimum temperature as a current temperature within the battery cell.
  • the remaining power calculation means calculates remaining battery power based on the inferred temperature within the battery cell. Instead of directly using the measured temperature for the calculation of the remaining battery power, the inferred temperature within the battery cell is used, whereby even if the measured temperature rises rapidly, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon instantaneous increase of the calculated remaining battery power.
  • the minimum temperature is extracted from the history of the predetermined time and is inferred as an temperature within the battery cell, and the inferred temperature within the battery cell is used for the calculation of the remaining battery power. Accordingly, even if the measured temperature rises rapidly, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon of instantaneous increase of the calculated remaining battery power.
  • the present invention can be applied to battery packs to be connected to, for example, video cameras, digital still cameras or battery chargers, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the principle of operation a battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of hardware configuration of a battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph of an example of the relationship between thermistor temperature and in-battery-cell (internal cell electrode) temperature
  • FIG. 4 shows a graph in which the history of minimum thermistor temperatures of the past 24 minutes is added to FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of a processing flow of the battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a graph of discharge characteristics of a battery pack at 25° C., 10° C. and 0° C.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing the principle of a battery pack according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a battery pack 10 includes temperature measurement means 12 for measuring the temperature of a battery cell, measured temperature history storage means 13 for storing the history of the measured temperature, in-cell temperature inference means 14 for extracting a minimum temperature from a history of a predetermined time and inferring the minimum temperature as a current temperature within the battery cell, remaining power calculation means 15 for calculating remaining battery power based on the inferred temperature within the battery cell, and communication means 16 for communicating the calculated remaining battery power amount to a connected device which is not shown.
  • the battery cell 11 is, for example, a lithium ion battery.
  • the temperature measurement means 12 is, for example, a thermistor which is mounted on a surface of the battery cell or a circuit board.
  • the measured temperature history storage means 13 is, for example, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the in-cell temperature inference means 14 and the remaining power calculation means 15 are realized by, for example, a microcontroller.
  • the predetermined time is defined by the time until which the temperature within the battery cell reaches a temperature measured at a certain point in time, for example, by the thermistor, and depends on the thermal voltage characteristic of the battery cell 11 or a position in the battery pack 10 where the thermistor which constitutes the temperature measurement means 12 is disposed.
  • the temperature of the battery cell 11 is measured by the temperature measurement means 12 .
  • the temperature measurement means 12 At the beginning of operation, either the temperature of the surface of the battery cell 11 or the temperature in the battery pack 10 is measured. This measured temperature is stored in the measured temperature history storage means 13 .
  • the in-cell temperature inference means 14 extracts a minimum temperature from the history of the measured temperature of the predetermined time from the measured temperature history storage means 13 , and infers the minimum temperature as a current temperature within the battery cell.
  • the remaining power calculation means 15 calculates remaining battery power based on the inferred temperature within the battery cell.
  • the communication means 16 communicates the remaining battery power amount which has been calculated so that a usable remaining time can be displayed on the connected device such as a video camera or a digital still camera.
  • the inferred temperature within the battery cell is used, whereby, even if the measured temperature rises rapidly, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon instantaneous increase of the calculated remaining battery power.
  • FIG. 2 shows a hardware configuration example of a battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a battery pack 50 includes a battery cell 51 , a peripheral circuit 52 , a microcontroller 53 , a thermistor 54 , and a communication circuit 55 .
  • the battery cell 51 is, for example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, or a lithium polymer battery.
  • the positive electrode of the battery cell 51 is connected to a positive terminal 61 , while the negative electrode of the battery cell 51 is connected to a negative terminal 62 via a current detection resistor Rs as well as a charge control switch SW 1 and a discharge control switch SW 2 each made of a power MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) and a diode.
  • a power MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
  • the peripheral circuit 52 has a circuit construction mainly made of a voltage comparator (comparator), and has the function of detecting a charge/discharge current value flowing through the current detection resistor Rs, and the protection function of protecting the battery cell 51 from overcharge, over discharge and over current. Specifically, if the voltage of the battery cell 51 becomes equal to or higher than a set voltage, the peripheral circuit 52 turns off the charge control switch SW 1 to stop charging, thereby preventing overcharge. On the other hand, if the voltage of the battery cell 51 becomes lower than a set voltage, the peripheral circuit 52 turns off the discharge control switch SW 2 to stop discharging, thereby preventing over discharge.
  • the microcontroller 53 cumulatively sums charge/discharge currents detected by the peripheral circuit 52 , and calculates the remaining battery power according to the temperature of the battery pack 50 in use.
  • the microcontroller 53 controls the thermistor 54 , and has, as measured temperature history storage means for storing the history of temperatures measured by the thermistor 54 , for example, an EEPROM in a built-in form.
  • the microcontroller 53 also has the function of controlling the communication circuit 55 to communicate the calculated remaining battery power amount to a connected device.
  • the microcontroller 53 For example, if the battery pack 50 , the positive terminal 61 and the negative terminal 62 of which are connected to a device such as a video camera or a digital still camera, starts to be used, the microcontroller 53 cumulatively sums charge/discharge current values detected by the peripheral circuit 52 , and calculates the remaining battery power. At this time, the microcontroller 53 corrects the remaining battery power based on a temperature measured by the thermistor 54 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph of an example of the relationship between thermistor temperature and in-battery-cell (internal cell electrode) temperature during the use of the battery pack.
  • the abscissa represents elapsed time, while the ordinate represents temperature [° C.].
  • the internal cell electrode temperature exhibits a characteristic of not rising immediately when the thermistor temperature rises, and reaching a thermistor temperature measured at a certain point in time after lapse of a certain amount of time. In this example, when approximately 24 minutes is elapsed, the internal cell electrode temperature exhibits a value close to the thermistor temperature.
  • the temperatures measured by the thermistor 54 are stored in a RAM or an EEPROM (which is not shown) of the microcontroller 53 . If the currently measured temperature is not a minimum temperature in the history of the predetermined time which is stored in the EEPROM, the microcontroller 53 extracts a minimum temperature from the history and infers the minimum temperature as the current temperature within the battery cell. For example, in the case shown in FIG. 3 , the microcontroller 53 extracts a minimum temperature from a history of 24 minutes, and infers the minimum temperature as the current temperature within the battery cell.
  • FIG. 4 shows a graph in which the history of minimum thermistor temperatures of past 24 minutes is added to FIG. 3 .
  • the abscissa represents elapsed time, while the ordinate represents temperature [° C.].
  • values near the internal cell electrode temperature can be obtained by plotting the history of minimum temperatures of the past 24 minutes.
  • the microcontroller 53 corrects, on the inferred temperature within the battery cell, the remaining battery power calculated by a cumulatively sum of current values detected by the peripheral circuit 52 .
  • the communication circuit 55 communicates the remaining battery power amount calculated in this manner to the connected device which is not shown, under the control of the microcontroller 53 , whereby a video camera and a digital still camera, for example, can inform a user of a value near the time during which the battery pack 50 can discharge under the current environment.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the flow of the processing of the battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step S 1 Temperature Measurement
  • the temperature of the battery cell 51 is measured by the thermistor 54 .
  • Step S 2 Storage of Measured Temperature History
  • the microcontroller 53 stores the history of the measured temperature into, for example, the EEPROM.
  • Step S 3 Inference of Temperature Within Cell
  • the microcontroller 53 extracts a minimum temperature from the history of the predetermined time, and infers the minimum temperature as the current temperature within the battery cell.
  • the value is used as the temperature within the battery cell.
  • Step S 4 Calculation of Remaining Battery Power
  • the microcontroller 53 calculates the remaining battery power by correcting, based on the inferred temperature within the battery cell, a value calculated by a cumulative sum of current values detected by the peripheral circuit 52 .
  • Step S 5 Communication of Remaining Battery Power
  • the microcontroller 53 controls the communication circuit 55 to communicate the calculated remaining battery power amount to the connected device, not shown in the figure.
  • a current temperature in the battery cell is inferred by holding the history of the past minimum temperatures, but the current temperature may be inferred by holding also the history of maximum temperatures or from temperature variations. Accordingly, the temperature in the battery cell can be inferred more accurately, and remaining time display can be made closer to an actual value.
  • the above-mentioned processing content can be realized by the software of the microcontroller 53 and therefore can be realized without cost increases compared to existing products.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
US10/983,396 2003-11-14 2004-11-08 Battery pack and remaining battery power calculation method Expired - Fee Related US7425814B2 (en)

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JP2003-384672 2003-11-14
JP2003384672A JP4311168B2 (ja) 2003-11-14 2003-11-14 バッテリーパック及びバッテリー残量算出方法

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US (1) US7425814B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1531515B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4311168B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101040425B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1616981A (de)
SG (1) SG112030A1 (de)
TW (1) TWI261679B (de)

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US20100090660A1 (en) * 2008-10-13 2010-04-15 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method for determining the charge state of a motor vehicle battery
US20160274193A1 (en) * 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Sii Semiconductor Corporation Battery remaining power predicting device and battery pack
US10009852B2 (en) 2014-09-02 2018-06-26 Apple Inc. Cold temperature power throttling at a mobile computing device
US20180238969A1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Bordrin Motor Corporation Method for detecting power fade level of battery
US11022653B2 (en) 2015-08-26 2021-06-01 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Deterioration degree estimation device and deterioration degree estimation method
US11990778B2 (en) 2018-07-10 2024-05-21 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Secondary battery protection circuit and secondary battery anomaly detection system

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WO2019097664A1 (ja) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-23 三菱電機株式会社 バッテリ寿命推定装置
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US11578978B1 (en) 2022-05-16 2023-02-14 Geotab Inc. Systems and methods for associating a telematics device with an asset tracker
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100090660A1 (en) * 2008-10-13 2010-04-15 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method for determining the charge state of a motor vehicle battery
DE102008051033A1 (de) * 2008-10-13 2010-04-22 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Ladezustands einer Kraftfahrzeugbatterie
US8222859B2 (en) 2008-10-13 2012-07-17 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method for determining the charge state of a motor vehicle battery when the drive unit is switched off
US10009852B2 (en) 2014-09-02 2018-06-26 Apple Inc. Cold temperature power throttling at a mobile computing device
US20160274193A1 (en) * 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Sii Semiconductor Corporation Battery remaining power predicting device and battery pack
US10191117B2 (en) * 2015-03-19 2019-01-29 Ablic Inc. Battery remaining power predicting device and battery pack
US11022653B2 (en) 2015-08-26 2021-06-01 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Deterioration degree estimation device and deterioration degree estimation method
US20180238969A1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Bordrin Motor Corporation Method for detecting power fade level of battery
US11990778B2 (en) 2018-07-10 2024-05-21 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Secondary battery protection circuit and secondary battery anomaly detection system

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JP4311168B2 (ja) 2009-08-12
TW200532231A (en) 2005-10-01
EP1531515A2 (de) 2005-05-18
US20050189919A1 (en) 2005-09-01
CN1616981A (zh) 2005-05-18
EP1531515A3 (de) 2005-08-24
EP1531515B1 (de) 2015-01-07
TWI261679B (en) 2006-09-11
SG112030A1 (en) 2005-06-29
JP2005147814A (ja) 2005-06-09
KR20050046619A (ko) 2005-05-18
KR101040425B1 (ko) 2011-06-09

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