US735708A - Electric-arc lamp. - Google Patents

Description

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T. L. OARBONE.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8, 1902.

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ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8, 1902.

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UNITED STATES lPatented August 11, 1903 PATENT OFFICE;

ELECTRIC -ARQ LAMP;

SPECIFICATION forming part or Letters Patent No. 735,708, dated August 11, 19091.

Application filed May 8, 1902. Serial No. 106,385. (No model.) I

To all" whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, TITO LIv1o CARBONE, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The invention has for its object to improve and simplify the construction of arc-lamps and to render their action more certain, accurate, and efficient; and it consists, among other features, in a special device by means of which the luminous arc, which is ordinarily of a crescent shape, has the form of an ellipsoid of rotation imparted to it. With this form of the are there exists an extraordinarily large dilation thereof, such that it appears of a more or less gaseous condition or in the form of an electrically-luminous gaseous globe of approximately ellipsoidal shape.

, This enlarged shape is produced by bringing the luminous arc under the influence of magnetic lines of force closing a magnet-circuit, for which purpose there are provided on each side of the arc electromagnetic poles of opposite polafit-y the magnetic circuit between which is closed by the conducting-atmosphere of the luminous arc. In this arrangement it is essential not so much for producing the desired shape of the luminous gaseous ball as for insuring its quiescence and constancy that both poles shall possess exactly the same de-.

gree of magnetism, which should only be of small strength. In order to produce this essentially necessary equality, an exciting device consisting of a horizontal electromagnet is employed, the horizontal core of which has connected to its ends rods extending downward to the luminous arc. The position of these rods relatively to the arc is such that the latter is situated within the lines of force closing the magnetic circuit or within the sphere of influence thereof.

In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the several views, and in which Figure 1 is a vertical section through an arc-lamp constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is another vertical section through the same lamp, taken at right angles pivots at 7.

tromagnet 12.

to Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the body 23 shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Referring now to said figures, 1 and 2 form the one pair of carbons, and 3 and 4 the other pair. For the pair 1 and 2 there is provided a fixed guide-frame 5, Fig. 2, and for the other pair a guide-frame 6, turning on horizontal The frame 6 is connect-ed by a link 8 and arm 9 to an axis 10, carried by the upward-extending end plates 11 of the elec- The pole-pieces 14 of the core 13 of this magnet extend somewhat beyond the coil, and the axis 10 carries an armature 15, situated above one of the poles, which armature when in the position shown at Fig. 2 holds the guide-frame 6 in such a position that a sufficient gap is formed between the lower carbon ends for forming the arc.

The guide- frames 5 and 6, which are formed to suit the double convergence of the four carbons, are each provided with a longitudinal slot 16, Fig. 1, in which can slide the carbon-holders 17, Fig. 2, provided with a suitable feather or the like. The controlling interconnection of the carbons is in this construction arranged as follows: The one carbon-holder carries an arm 18, inclined to its holder, but extending horizontally toward the other holder and carrying at its free end a stud 19. The other carbon-holder carries an arm 20, lying in the same direction as the arm 18 and having a slot 21. This arm is held to the upper part of its carbon-holder by means of a bracket'28, Fig. 2, in such a manner that between it and the inner face of the frame 6 there exists a sufficient space for the projecting stud 19 of the arm 18 to pass through it to the extreme end of the slot 21.

It will be evident from the above-described construction that each one of thetwo carbonholders, and consequently its carbon, can only descend to exactly the same extent as the other one, While at the same time the relative movement of the carbon-holders in the hori zontal direction is quite unhindered The above device therefore affords a controlling interconnection between the two carbons such as is requisite for the practically successful working of the lamp with a perfect quiescence and uniformity of the luminous are or gaseous ball.

IOO

With regard to the hereinbefore-described conversion of the luminous are into the ellipsoidal form this maybe effected by the arrangement shown at Figs. 1 and 2, where downwardly-extending rods 22, fixed at their upper ends to the projecting poles 13 14 of the electromagnet-core, have their lower ends passed through a body 23 of refractory material, the under side of which may constitute a reflector for the luminous arc and which also serves as a practically air-tight closure for the lower end of the lamp-casing 24, the upper parts of which are also made practically air-tight. The perfect hermetic inclosure of the lower end of the lamp is, however, efiected by other means to be presently described. The rod extensions 22 pass to such an extent beyond the body 23 that they come on each side of the gap between the carbon ends, and on the electromagnet 12 being excited and the rods 22 magnetized the lines of force closing the magnetic circuit pass through and have the desired effect upon the luminous arc. The actual pole ends are the parts 22, the opposite polarities of which produce the magnetic flux passing through the gap between the carbon ends, in which the luminous arc is formed. This flux does not produce a so-called blowing action against the arc, as this would, as is known, only produce a pointed extension of the are. The curveshaped magnetic lines of force have rather the tendency to impart to the are or luminous gaseous body a correspondingly-curved form; but as this gaseous body rotates under the influence of the magnetism it assumes, as already stated, the shape of an ellipsoid of rotation, of which in particular the lower free half emits a perfectly white light, which is the case in a particularly high degree if the contiguous space, which is already closed in above by the body 23, is also inclosed below against the atmosphere by a transparent inclosure 25, which may, for instance, consist of a certain kind of crystal, so that no further access of oxygen can take place. In this case the entire surface of this inclosure 25, which, as shown, is of hemispherical shape, radiates a perfectly white light and not a bluish light, because all the bluish rays are situated above and are directed upward. In the drawings the transparent semiglobe 25 is provided with a metal ring 26, which is connected by a suitable bayonet-joint fastening to part of the casing 24. In a similar way a special glass globe 27 is provided, which is advantageously applied together with the semiglobe 25. The interio of the globe 27 may be put in communication with the outer air through suitable openings in the socket; but this has no effect on the light so long as the inner semiglobe 25 is provided.

The above-described improved construction of electric-arc lamp can be employed with any desired strength of current and vol tage and either in series or in parallel connection or in combinations thereof, as may be desirable or convenient, according to prevailing circumstances. The lamp burns absolutely with-out flickerings on the one hand on account of the peculiar influence upon the luminous arc exercised by the magnetic lines of force and on the other hand because each pair of carbons only acts as a single carbon at the place where they abut against each other.

Having now described my invention, what I desire to secure by a patent of the United States is 1. In an arc-lamp, the combination with two pairs of converging carbons abutting against each other, of electromagnetic poles of opposite sign situated on each side of the gap between the carbon-tips and terminating at a point where the axis of the magnetic field substantially corresponds with the axis of the voltaic are between said tips, so that the lines of force closing the magnetic circuit between said poles shall pass through the-luminous are.

2. In an arc-lamp, the combination with two converging carbon-guide frames, one of which is hinged, duplex converging guides in each frame, and carbons held therein and abutting at their points, of a horizontal electromagnet arranged between said frames, an armature controlled by said magnet and in turn controlling the position of the hinged frame, and magnetizable extensions depending from polar extensions of the horizontal core of said magnet and terminating opposite the abutting point of the carbons, in order that the lines of force closing the magnetic circuit between their terminals shall pass through the luminous are.

3. In an arc-lamp, the combination of two pairs of converging carbons abutting at their lower ends, electromagnetic poles of opposite sign situated opposite the gap between the carbon-tips and terminating at a point where the axis of the magnetic field substantially coincides with the axis of the voltaic arc, so that the lines of force closing the magnetic circuit between said poles shall pass through the luminous are, a transparent air-tight removable inclosure close surrounding the carbon ends and said poles from beneath, a practically air-tight inclosure of the lamp-casing just above the ends of the carbons and magnetic poles, and an outer lamp-globe.

4. In an arc-lamp, the combination with carbons which burn with a flaming arc, of arc-directing electromagnets arranged with their poles on each side of the arc and terminating at a point where the magnetic axis substantiallycorresponds with the axis of the are.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two Witnesses.

TITO L. oARsoNE.

Witnesses:

WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY I-IAsPEn.

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