US562090A - Electric-arc lamp - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

M. s. OKUN. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

M 6 0 9 k o m m W 1 E m WM e M n M M. L J M w t n e t a P WITNESSES.

ANDREW B GRAHAr LPHOYO Lnnu WASHIMGTGPI DC (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. s. OKUN. ELEG-TRICIARG LAMP.

Patented June 16, 1896.

W/TNESSES: Mme/v70? Ma W (ax/M A TTOHNE).

ANDREW a GRAHAM PHOTO umc "VASWNGTOH DC UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MOSES SOLOMON OKUN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO MICHAEL F. BURNS, OF BROOKLYN, NE\V YORK.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 562,090, dated June 16, 1896. Application filed April 3, 1892. Renewed December 6, 1893. Serial No. 492,946. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MOSES SOLOMON OKUN, a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to retard or reduce to an inappreciable extent the con sumption of the carbon pencils or rods in electric-arc lamps.

Another object is to improve the carbonfeeding mechanism of arc-lamps, so that a more uniform, positive, and regular feeding of the carbon can take place.

The invention consists in the novel details of improvement that will be more fullyhereinafter set forth, and then pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, wherein Figure 1 is a partly broken side elevation of an arc-lamp embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a lamp embodying my invention, showing my improved carbon-feeding mechanism. Fig. 3

is a horizontal section, enlarged, on the plane of the line 0 c, Fig. 2. Fig. etis a similar view on the plane of the line 7; 7;, Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 is a sectional detail view hereinafter ex plained.

In carrying out my invention I utilize a globe or other chamber A, which is hermetically closed (or as nearly so as is possible) to prevent the admission of air. Vithin the globe or chamber A are placed carbon or similar pencils or rods 13, by which to produce the electric arc in manner well known. These carbon pencils may be supplied with the electric current to produce the arc in any manner desired. To the globe or chamber A is connected a valve-cock or its equivalent D, so arranged as to permit the escape from the globe or chamber A of gases, but to prevent or retard the admission of air. In the drawings the valve D is shown pressed to its seat I) by a spring a, but anysuitable means may be used for this purpose.

The carbon or carbons B may be operated or fed to produce the are or maintain it while the current passes in any desired manner;

but as the carbon, according to my invention, consumes or disintegrates very slowly it is feasible to actuate the carbon B by hand. An arrangement for this purpose is shown in Fig. 1, wherein the open end or neck (Z of the globe A is closed by a disk or the like 6, which is shown connected with a ring or mounting f, securely fastened (airtight) to the neck (Z or the globe A. Through the disk c a carboncarrying rod E passes, said rod being shown screw-threaded to engage similar threads in the disk 6 to enable the carbon 13 to be adjusted longitudinally. The disk c may be made removable to enable the carbon 13 to be reached.

The neck 61 of the globe or chamberA also has or may be a ring or mounting f secured air-tight thereto, to which is shown screwed a cup or frame F, that carries the seat I) for the valve D, as well as the valve; but the lower end of the globe A may be closed in any well-known manner. The lower-carbon holder 13 is shown carried by the frame F, a bar F being shown supporting the carbonholder B space being left on the sides for the passage of air or gas to the valve D. In Fig. 1 one binding-post g is shown connected with the disk 6 and the other post with the ring or mountingf so that the current can enter the disk c from post 9, pass thence to the rod E, to the upper carbon 13, thence to the lower carbon B,to B f and g to the line.

In the operation of my invention the carbons are placed in position and the globe is then tightly closed to prevent the admission of air. The electric current is next passed through the carbons B B, the latter being then separated to produce the electric arc. The burning carbon or the products of combustion therefrom next unite with the oxygen in the air contained in the globe A, and generate or produce a combustiondestroying gas, such as carbonic-acid gas or carbonic oxid, leaving the nitrogen of the air in the globe. The presence of this combustion-destroying gas or carbonic-acid gas or carbonic oxid and the absence of oxygen or combustion-supporting gas, which has been eliminated by uniting with the carbon, reduces or retards the combustion, consumption or disintegration of the carbons B, while the electric arc continues between the carbons, said gases having no injurious effect on the electric arc. The carbons B will be heated, but on account of the presence of the combustion-destroying gas and the absence of combustion-supporting gas their consumption, or disintegration will be reduced to so inappreciable an extent that will be quickly converted into carbonic-acid.

gas by the burning of a little carbon; but the presence of the gas in the globe, and its tension, will tend to check the entrance of air. As the carbons consume or disintegrate so slowly under the foregoing method feeding of the carbons is required only at comparatively long intervals, whereby it is possible to use hand-fed carbons and yet produce satisfactory results; or any of the well-known carbon-feeding mechanisms in general use can be utilized. After the light is turned ed the gas generated, as stated, will remain in the globe or chamber to retard the consumption of the carbon when the are is next formed. lVhen the are is first formed after the globe is closed, a small amount of the carbon will be burned to unite with the oxygen of the air and produce the carbonic-acid gas, but after this the wasting of the carbon will be exceedingly slow until the next fresh air, if any, enters the globe. After the carbons have been consumed the globe will be opened and new carbons adjusted in place; but as fresh air will necessarily enter the globe when this is done the slight burningout of carbon and formation of new carbonic-acid gas will have to be againeffected with the new carbons and oxygen of the admitted air.

On account of theinfrequent feeding of the carbon,.caused by its slow consumption, the steadiness of the light is greatly increased, or, in other words, the flickering of the arc-light heretofore-in general use is reduced to such an extent that the light becomes practically steady.

Although almost any, if not all, of the wellknown earbon-feedin g devices can be adapted for use in connection with my invention, I have shown an improved carbon feeding mechanism giving useful results.

The globe or chamber A in Fig. 2 is connected with a closed tube or chamber G, that is to be hermetically closed, yet in communication with a globe A, as shown, so that the carbon-holding rod E will be wholly within this closed receptacle to give it free movement without admit-ting air to the globe; but in Fig. 5 the rod E is shown passing through the disk 6 011 the globe A, suitable packing c being shown held between the disk 6 and a packing nut or ring 6 to prevent the admission of air to the globe, although the packing may be dispensed with. It will be understood, however, that the upper carbon can pass through the closely-fitting opening in the cover or disk on the globe instead of the car" bon-carrying rod E for the purpose of feed ing the carbon in the globe.

The chamber G, for convenience in ad j usting the carbon B, is shown connected with the globe A by a tube G'-, that is screwed to the ring or mounting f, its upper end connecting with a thimble or tube G (being an extension or part of the chamber G) and preferably sliding within the same. A packing ring or nut G on the extension G containing suitable packing g, effects an air-tight yet detachable joint between the parts G l By this means the tube G can be unscrewed from the globe A and slipped upward to permit access to the rod E and carbon 13, and can be readily replaced and a tight joint made.

I I are coil magnets or solenoids arranged substantially as usual for actuating the carbon rod holders, the coil I having coarse wires and the coil I having fine wires, and being coupled in manner well known or as follows: The current entering by a wire l passes into a binding-post t (preferably insulated from the chamber or casing G) and from thence into the coil 1, whence it passes by a wire i to a post i. From a wire t leads t0 the coil I from whence a wire 1 leads to a post J on the chamber or casing G and preferablyinsulated therefrom. The current is divided by this means, as usual. In each coil I I is or may be an iron ring 1 which attracts the levers L L, that are magnetized by the current of the spools, as hereinafter described. The rod E is shown passing within the coils I 1 whose bores are alined, and within the bores of said coils levers or arms L L are placed to be actuated by the coils to regulate the movement of the carbon-holding rod E. The levers L L correspond substantially with solenoid-cores.

The levers or arms L L preferably carry projections'or shoes M M to grip or clasp the carbon-rod E and yet allow lateral swinging movement of the levers or arms L L. The levers or arms L L are pivotally carried by a bar or lever N, that is shown pivoted within the casing G, as at j, to a hanger O, that is preferably jointed, as at Z. A spring on may be used to assist in balancing or counterweighting the lever N. Springs m1, carried by the lever N, tend to press the shoes or projections M against the rod E to make perfect electrical contact. The lever N, and thereby the levers or arms L, can be regulated vertically by a cam or equivalent means 1), (say a screw.)

The binding-post t is preferably connected with the hanger 0, so that the main current can pass into 0, from thence into N, to L L, to M M, into the rod E to the carbons. The lower-carbon holder 13 and its bar F are electrically connected with the ring or mounting; f which is connected to the frame P, shown joined to the chamber G, but in sulated therefrom. A binding-post P on the frame P is shown connected by a wire P with post J, whereby the current passes from B to the lever; but the manner of connecting the wires and posts for conducting the cur rent to the carbons can be arranged as may be found most convenient.

The operation of the foregoing parts in feeding the carbon B is as follows: IVhen no current is passing, the lever N will descend slightly to permit the carbons B B to touch, as shown. When the current is turned on, it magnetizes the levers L L and lifts them and the carbon-holdin g rod E. The coils I I also act to swing the ends of the levers L L outwardly; but as the coil I has the greater force it will press the projections or shoes M M against the carbon-holding rod E to hold or support the carbon. As the arc lengthens the magnetic action in I I will decrease, as usual, whereupon the pressure of the shoes M M upon the rod IE will lessen to enable the latter to descend. IV hen the proper are is next formed, the coils I I will immediately move the levers L L and press the shoes M M firmly upon the rod E to hold it. As the shoes M M are always in contact with the rod E no appreciable motion of the shoes is neccssary to release or hold the rod E, merely the change of pressure permitting the motion of rod E. By this means a very fine and quick adjustment of the rod E is effected, and the liability of its slipping too far to break the are or permit the carbons B B to touch is reduced or overcome, whereby a comparatively steady arc is produced.

\Vhen the lamp is used on are or high-tension circuits, the magnetism of coil I on the levers L L tends to equalize the effect of coil I on the lovers L L, whereby a very fine positive action is produced and slipping of the carbon-rod E avoided. lVhen the lamp is used on incandescent or low-tension circuits, the coil I can be cut out or wholly dispensed with, as the coil I will be sufficient. The iron rings 1 in the coils I I becoming charged tend to attract the magnetized levers L L, (which are preferably made of iron,) said levers also tending to separate on account of the repulsion of similar poles of the magnets. Uoils without said rings can be used, if desired.

The foregoing carbon-feeding mechanism will be found very useful with my before-described method of reducing the consumption or combustion of the carbon, as my improve ments together produce a very steady light and one not subject to frequent changes in brilliance.

It will'be noticed that the feeding mechanism for the carbon is wholly within a closed chamber, well as the carbons, which tends to overcome the danger of air reaching the carbons 011 account of the necessary movement of the carbons for feeding purposes.

By adjusting the part 1) the vertical movement of the levers L L can be regulated, as de-" scribed. The manner of arranging the wires and other parts can be changed as may seem most desirable.

Any suitable switch, cut-out, or other safety devices can be used in connection with my improvements, as may be most desirable.

The valve may be situated at any suitable point in direct and uninterrupted communication with the globe and not necessarily at the bottom of the globe or chamber A.

Any suitable means maybe provided to permit access to the chamber G, such, forinstance, as an opening closed air-tight by a door or cover G, (see Fig. 3,) suitably held to the casing or chamber G.

Any desired means can be employed to permit the rod E to slide without admitting air to the globe.

Having now described my invention, what I claim is- 1. A globe having its upper end closed from the outside air, and a carbon-holding rod E, combined with a mounting f at the lower end of the globe, a frame F, a carbon-holder B adapted to permit gases to pass to said frame and a valve connected with said frame substantially as described.

2. The combination of a globe closed at the lower end, a valve connected with the globe, neck (1, on the globe, ring or mounting f, sealed to said globe or neck, tube G connected with the mountingf, a closed cham ber G, having extension G, with which the tube G connects packing-nut G, and packing to make a tight joint between G and G a carbon-holding rod E, passing within said globe and chamber and carbon regulating or feeding mechanism, substantially as described.

In an electric-arc lamp a magnet-coil having a central bore, and a carbon-holding rod passing therein, combined with levers L, L, to grip said rod, and extending within said bore and substantially parallel with the carhon-holding rod and with a lever N to which the levers L, L, are pivoted for supporting said lovers to permit the coil'to attract and move said levers longitudinally and also laterally on their pivots, substantially as described.

4. In an electric-arc lamp a magnet-coil having a central bore, and a carbon-holding rod passing therein, combined with levers L, L, to grip said rod, and extending within the bore a lever N, to which the levers L, L, are pivoted, and means for regulating the movement of the lever N, substantially as described.

5. In an electricarc lamp the combination of a magnet-coil having a central bore, a carbon-holding rod E, therein, levers L, L, to grip said rod and also extending within said IIO magnet, a lever N, to which the levers L, L, are pivoted, a hanger O, to which the lever N is pivoteda joint, as Z, in said hanger, the

levers L, L, being adapted to be placed in electrical connection with the main line to conduct current to rod E, and means to regulate the movement of the lever N, substantially.

at a point between said magnets, shoes or projections on said levers to bear on said rod E, and means for supporting the lovers L, L, and permitting lateral movement on the pivots by the attraction of the magnets, substantially as described.

7. The combination of a magnet-coil, having an iron ring 1 and a central bore, with a carbon holding rod and levers or arms Within said bore, to hold said rod, substanti ally as described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 2d day of April, A. D. 1892.

MOSES SOLOMON OKUN.

Witnesses:

IRVING HOWARD BROWN, WM. S. TISDALE;

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