US696380A - Electric glower-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

No. 696,380. Patented Mar. 25, I902.

H. N. POTTER.

ELECTRIC GLOWER LAMP.

(Application filed Aug. 9, 1899.)

(No Model.)

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HENRY NOEL POTTER, OF GOTTINGEN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRIC GLOWER LAll/iP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,380, dated March 25, 1902.

' Application filed August 9,1899. Serial No. 726J626I (N 1 1 1) To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY NOEL POTTER, a citizen of the United States of America, residing in Gottingen, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Glower-Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The electric heaters which have hitherto been employed in so-called glower lamps for causing an initial heating of the incandescing elements of such lamps have in some instances been fixed in their position with relation to the incandescing bodies or glowers, and in other instances they have been normally held close to the glowers and automatically removed from proximity thereto after having done their work, and in still other instances they have been arranged to have a [double movement toward and away from the glowers, the first movement being a preliminary to the initial heating of the glowers, and the second movement being for the purpose of withdrawing the heating apparatus from a position where it would be likely to shut off useful light-rays. \Vhenever movable heaters of either of the described classes are employed, itis of course necessary to provide means for accomplishing the movement of the heater, and it is also essential to construct the heaters very carefully with a view to extreme lightness and equal susceptibility to the influence of heat, while preserving con-.

siderable strength to meet the requirements of actualservice. This requires some expenditure of energy in accomplishing the movement of the heaters, and it presupposes some disregard of economy in the manufacture of the heaters. On the other hand, when the heaters are stationary with relation to the glow- ,ers the construction of the heaters can be more simple and less expensive, and the energy otherwise employed in controlling the heaters can be entirely saved. Itis, however, generally true that the presence of the heater at all times in close proximity to the glower in a lamp of this class is objectionable when it is located below the glower, by reason of the fact that the heater in such a position shuts off some of the useful rays and lowers the practical efliciency of the lamp.

I have discovered that Ican obtain the advantages arising from the use of a stationary heater below the glower and minimize the disadvantages thereof by employing two lampglobes surrounding the glower instead of a when asecond globe of ground glass is placed outside the first. The present application has reference to the employment of such a plurality of globes outside of an electric lamp glower, in connection with a stationary heater.

In the drawings which illustrate my invention and form part of the present specification, Figure 1 is a central vertical section through an electric lamp embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the globes detached from the lamp. Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view of one side of the upper part of the outer globe, and Fig. 4: is a detail of the upper ends of the supporting-arms for the heater and the glower.

In the drawings, A is a glower formed from refractory materials, such as the rare earths, and B is an electric heater located under the said glower. The parts described are supported upon dependent arms OD E, the heater being located between the arms O and E and the glower between the arms D and E. The said arms are formed at their upper ends into hooks c d 6, respectively, which hooks engage with staples 0 cl 6, secured to the lower side of an insulating-disk F, to which the lampterminals are secured.

At G, I showa bar of glass or porcelain serving to steady and maintain in position the bars 0, D, and E at a point about midway be- 0 tween the supporting-disk F and the glower A.

On the disk F are binding-posts H and I, to which the main conductors from any suitable source of electric current are connected;

The binding-post H is connected by a con- 9 5 too ring 4, which is secured by plaster-of-paris to the lower end of an exhaust-chamber 5. The said ring 4 is screw-threaded and adapted to screw into the ring 3 and make good electrical connection therewith. From the ring 4 a wire 18 passes through the wall of the chamber 5 to the rod 10, and thus to the angular lever 9 at the point where the lever is pivoted to the rod 10. The said angular lever is normally held'by the tension of the ballastconductor Sin such a position that its remote end is maintained in contact with a circuitterminal 12, rigidly secured within the disk 7. The spring 11 is connected at one end to the angular lever 9 and at the other end to a glass disk 13 within the chamber 5. The object of the disks 7 and 13 is to maintain the relative positions of the parts connected therewith inside the sealed chamber. Instead of disks I may employ arms which cross each other and bear at their ends against the walls of the chamber 5.

Beyond the terminal 12 a wire 14 leads to ring-terminal 15, supported in the plaster-ofparis at the lower end of the chamber 5. The said ring is adapted to make contact with a terminal 16 in the bottom of the socket 20, the said terminal 16 being electrically connected by a conductor 17 with the staple c.

I The end of the ballast-conductor 8 opposite the lever 9 is rigidly attached to the disk 7 and connected by the conductor 6 to the rod 19, embedded in the plaster-of-paris at the base of the chamber 5 and projecting beyond the same. This rod enters a metallic yoke 21 in the bottom of the socket 20. The said yoke is electrically connected with the staple (31.

Outside the chamber 5 I place a shield 22, which is usually of metal and may be ornamented to suit the taste of the designer. It serves as'a protection from the weather in case of outdoor service and serves generally for a finish to the lamp. The shield 22 is joined to the insulating-disk F by a flangeand-scrcw connection or by any other suitable means.

To the lower part of the insulating-disk F I attach, by screws 23 23, one or more angular pieces 24, which serve as supports for aglobe 25, preferably of ground glass. The said globe 25 is provided with a continuous internal shoulder 26 and with an interrupted ring 30 above the said shoulder, the space between the continuous shoulder and the interrupted ring being sufficient to receive flanges 27 27, which project from the upper part of a globe 28, also of ground glass, arranged to be held upon the said shoulder 26. It will be seen that the inner globe 28 can readily be put into position by reason of the fact that the flanges 27 27 thereon will pass between the segments of the ring 30 and rest upon the shoulder 26. By turning the globes with relation to each other the inner globe may be locked in place, so that there will be no danstaple 0, bar 0, heater B, bar E, staple e,

conductor 1, binding-post II to the return-circuit. This circuit is first energized by the passage of current on the completion of the lamp-circuit, and when the heater has sufficiently raised the temperature of the glower A the glower-circuit is energized as follows: binding-post I, conductor 2, rings 3 and 4, conductor 18, rod 10, angular lever 9, ballastconductor 8, conductor 6, post 19, yoke 21, staple 01, bar D, glower A, and thence from the bar E over the course already described.

The details of the lamp construction and of the arrangement of the lamp-circuits form no part of my present invention, and they can be varied to suit different conditions. The particular point to which I wish to call attention is that I surround the incandescing body and the heater having a fixed relation thereto by two or more globes instead of one.

The chamber 5 has been described as a sealed chamber surrounding some of the operative parts of my lamp. The special object of sealing chamber 5 is to prevent injury by atmospheric air or other means to the ballast-conductor, which in this instance is an iron wire, which is subject to injury or oxidation, particularly when heated as described in this specification. I generally put into chamber 5 some gas, such as hydrogen, which is inert with respect to iron. It is not necessary, however, to employ a ballast device of this description.

Two globes formed in a single piece and constituting what might be called a double globe would be the complete equivalent of the two separate globes illustrated in the drawings and described in the foregoing specification. I understand that when I speak of two globes the language refers either to such a double globe or to two structurally-independent globes.

I claim as my invention'- 1. In an electric lamp, a glower of the type described, a stationary heater located in proximity thereto, and a plurality of translucent globes surrounding the said glower and heater, whereby the casting of shadows by the heater is substantially avoided.

2. In an electric lamp, a glower of the type described, a stationary heater located underneath the said glower, and a plurality of trans lucent globes surrounding the said glower and heater, whereby the casting of shadows by the heater is substantially avoided.

3. In an electric lamp, a glower of the type described, a stationary heater thereunder, a Signed by me at Hanover, Germany, this base supporting the said glower and heater, 14th day of July, 1899. and a plurality of translucent globes sur- T T rounding the said glower and heater and sup- R1 NOEL POTTER 5 ported by the said base, whereby the casting Witnesses:

of shadows by the heater is substantially W. K. ANDERSON, avoided. l KIRKE LATHROP.

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