US7326325B2 - Apparatus and method for connecting water treatment devices - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for connecting water treatment devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US7326325B2
US7326325B2 US10/943,782 US94378204A US7326325B2 US 7326325 B2 US7326325 B2 US 7326325B2 US 94378204 A US94378204 A US 94378204A US 7326325 B2 US7326325 B2 US 7326325B2
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Prior art keywords
bracket
electrodeionization device
housing
electrodeionization
brackets
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US20050087446A1 (en
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Li-Shiang Liang
Emile O. Montminy
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Evoqua Water Technologies LLC
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Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp
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Assigned to SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORP. reassignment SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES HOLDING CORP. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: USFILTER CORPORATION
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Assigned to SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES LLC reassignment SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIEMENS INDUSTRY, INC.
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Assigned to CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AGENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT (SECOND LIEN) Assignors: SIEMENS TREATED WATER OUTSOURCING CORP., SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES LLC, WTG HOLDINGS II CORP., WTG HOLDINGS III CORP.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
    • B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/02—Specific tightening or locking mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/06—External membrane module supporting or fixing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to water purification devices and in particular to brackets, systems and methods for supporting water purification devices.
  • Fluid treatment modules include devices and systems for treating fluids, such as water, to alter the chemical and or physical properties of the treated water. Water is often treated to remove impurities.
  • Water treatment modules may include devices and systems such as reverse osmosis (RO) units, deionization units, electrodeionization units, continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) units, polishers, filters including membrane filters, particulate filters, multi-media filters, carbon filters and cartridge filters, disinfection devices, ultraviolet treatment units, distillation units and softeners. In different embodiments, any one or more of these types of water treatment modules may be used.
  • a module typically has a feed for supplying water to the system and an outlet for supplying product from the system.
  • Water treatment modules are often encased in a housing.
  • the housing may serve to contain the device and to isolate the water being treated from the environment. Housings also may serve to support and/or protect the module. Multiple modules may be contained in a housing.
  • more than one water treatment module may be used.
  • two modules may be connected in series or in parallel to form a system.
  • Modules are often placed in series when a single module is not capable of producing product of a desired purity or quality.
  • Modules may be connected in parallel, for example, to increase production capacity.
  • multiple modules in a system are secured individually on a skid or platform and fluidly joined by fixed or flexible piping that is external of the modules.
  • a system capable of supplying 500 gallons per minute (gpm) of deionized water might consist of ten 50 gpm electrodeionization modules individually mounted on a skid and piped in parallel in order to meet the production goal.
  • Some reverse osmosis (RO) modules may be supported by a rack and frame system.
  • a rack system may have multiple cross pieces that are supported by the legs of the frame system. Individual RO modules may be supported by the cross pieces so that the weight of each module is supported by the frame.
  • the RO modules may be strapped to the frame cross pieces to secure them.
  • RO modules may be strapped side by side on two or more cross-pieces, with room in between to provide for piping and access. Additional rows of RO modules may be stacked above and supported by a different set of cross pieces.
  • the number of modules that can be used in a system is limited by, for example, the height and width of the frame that is used.
  • An underutilized frame may use more space than the system demands.
  • the frame members may hinder access to the modules and piping running to, from and between modules.
  • the subject matter of this application may involve, in some cases, interrelated products, alternative solutions to a particular problem, and/or a plurality of different uses of a single system or article.
  • a bracket for supporting an electrodeionization module comprising a plate defining a receiving section constructed and arranged to support an electrodeionization module housing, a first plate edge constructed and arranged to be fastened to a plate edge on a similar or identical bracket, and a second plate edge constructed and arranged to be fastened to a plate edge on a similar or identical bracket.
  • an end plate for an electrodeionization device comprising a block including an integral substantially cylindrical portion for interfacing with a substantially cylindrical electrodeionization device housing, an integral substantially polygonal portion opposed to the substantially cylindrical portion, at least two external edges on the polygonal portion, at least one of the edges constructed and arranged to be fastened to a similar or identical end plate that can be associated with a second electrodeionization device, a seal constructed and arranged to contain fluid within the electrodeionization module, and a fastener for securing the block to an electrodeionization module.
  • a method of supporting an electrodeionization device comprising steps of providing a first electrodeionization device including a housing, the housing attached to a first bracket at one end of the housing and a second bracket at an opposed end of the housing, providing a second electrodeionization device including a housing attached to a third bracket at one end of the housing and a fourth bracket at an opposed end of the housing, and fastening the first bracket to the third bracket and the second bracket to the fourth bracket wherein the weight of the second electrodeionization device is substantially supported by the first and second brackets.
  • a method of supporting an electrodeionization device comprising providing a first electrodeionization device including a housing, the housing attached to a first bracket at one end of the housing and a second bracket at an opposed end of the housing, providing a second electrodeionization device including a housing attached to a third bracket at one end of the housing and a fourth bracket at an opposed end of the housing, and fastening the first bracket to the third bracket end-to-end to align the first and second electrodeionization devices along a common longitudinal axis.
  • a bracket for supporting an electrodeionization module comprising: the bracket defining a receiving section constructed and arranged to support an electrodeionization module housing, a first connector section on the bracket, the first connector section constructed and arranged to be fastened to a similar or identical section on a second bracket associated with a second electrodeionization module housing, and a second connector section on the bracket, the second connector section constructed and arranged to be fastened to a similar or identical section on a third similar or identical bracket associated with a third electrodeionization module housing.
  • FIG. 1 provides a perspective view of one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 provides an illustration of another embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 provides a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 provides a perspective view showing some of the ways in which water treatment devices can be joined using the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows three water treatment devices in an end-to-end confirmation
  • FIG. 6 provides a perspective view of a water treatment system including an array of water treatment devices and an electric supply;
  • FIG. 7 provides a cut away view of two electrodeionization devices that have been joined by a bracket
  • FIG. 8 provides an illustration showing an electrodeionization device including brackets containing fluid conduits
  • FIGS. 9A , 9 B and 9 C illustrate three different ways of sealing a conduit formed by the joining of two brackets
  • FIG. 10 provides a cut away illustration of an electrodeionization device employing brackets and an end cap
  • FIG. 11 illustrates two of the devices of FIG. 11 connected by two brackets that include fluid conduits
  • FIG. 12 provides a cut away view of a water treatment system similar to that in FIG. 12 ;
  • FIG. 13 provides a cut away view of an electrodeionization device that includes two end connectors that are integral with the brackets;
  • FIG. 14 provides a cut away view of an embodiment, where a single unit end connector includes fluid conduits for supplying fluid to the stack.
  • a water treatment module or device may be any water treatment device or unit that can treat water.
  • a water treatment module may be contained in a housing and may be independently operable or may be used in combination with other modules or other devices.
  • an RO module may be used in combination with a CEDI module.
  • Electrodeionization is defined herein as any process that uses an electromotive force to purify water. Electrodeionization includes, for example, continuous electrodeionization (CEDI), electrodialysis and capacitive deionization.
  • CEDI continuous electrodeionization
  • electrodialysis electrodialysis
  • capacitive deionization electrodialysis
  • a module is a single operative unit of a water treatment device.
  • a housing may include a single module or may include two or more modules working together.
  • a bracket may be used to provide support for one or more water treatment modules.
  • the bracket may be permanently or removably attached to a module or housing or may simply support the module or housing without being attached to it.
  • a bracket that supports a module or is affixed or attached to a module is, as defined herein, associated with a module.
  • a single module may be associated with one or more brackets.
  • a module may be associated with two or more brackets.
  • the brackets may be positioned anywhere on the module and in some embodiments, two brackets may be located at opposing ends of the module or housing.
  • a bracket may be constructed and arranged to mate or join with another bracket that may be different or similar or identical to the first bracket. By joining two or more brackets together, different modules may be associated with each bracket, and the modules may be immobilized with respect to each other.
  • the brackets, when joined together, may be used to support or substantially support the weight of an entire array of water treatment devices that make up a water treatment system. A rack for storing these treatment devices may be eliminated and water treatment devices can be added or subtracted from the array simply by adding or subtracting individual units that include a compatible bracket.
  • a bracket may include surfaces designed to mate with similar or complementary surfaces on a second bracket. Complementary surfaces may include, for example, a groove on one surface and a ridge on the other.
  • joining surfaces may be positioned so that when joined to a second bracket the modules associated with each of the two joint brackets are aligned.
  • Alignment may include parallel alignment, perpendicular alignment or other arrangements that result in an organized water treatment system.
  • a bracket may include a surface that, when joined to a surface on a second bracket, immobilizes two water treatment modules to be in parallel alignment with each other.
  • the modules may be parallel in any arrangement, including, but not limited to, side by side, over/under, and end to end.
  • a bracket may include more than one surface for joining to another bracket.
  • one surface may be positioned to join with the surface of a second bracket in order to place the two associated water treatment modules in an end to end configuration and another surface on the bracket may be positioned to immobilize two water treatment modules with respect to each other in a side by side relationship.
  • Another surface may be positioned to join with a second bracket to immobilize two water treatment modules in an over/under relationship.
  • the bracket may include any one or more surfaces that allow it to join with, for example, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more other brackets.
  • Brackets may be attached to another bracket in any manner that allows the associated water treatment devices to be immobilized relative to each other.
  • brackets are attached to each other so that the attachment is not permanent and the brackets may be unattached if desired.
  • Other forms of attachment may be permanent.
  • attachment is secure enough to prevent movement of the devices under the conditions in which the system will be used.
  • a fastener can be used to join two brackets together.
  • a fastener is any device that can secure one bracket to another. Fasteners include, for example, screws, nuts and bolts, adhesive (preferably removable), clamps, tie rods, flanges, and a key and slot type arrangement.
  • the key portion of one bracket is slid into the slot portion of another, or the slot can slide into the key.
  • the arrangement may be further secured, for example, by inserting a locking pin to prevent the brackets from sliding apart.
  • bolt holes in the edges of the bracket provide for proper alignment of the devices when the brackets are bolted together.
  • This arrangement can also provide for a method of applying the proper compression force to the brackets, e.g., by adjusting the torque on each of the fastening bolts.
  • a bracket in one embodiment, includes a longitudinal surface or surfaces for immobilizing water treatment modules in a side by side relationship. In another embodiment, a bracket may include a lateral surface for immobilizing water treatment modules in a top and bottom arrangement. In another embodiment, a bracket may include a frontal surface for immobilizing water treatment modules in an end to end relationship. Any combination of these may also be used.
  • a bracket may also include a receiving section designed to support one or more water treatment modules.
  • a water treatment module may rest in or on a receiving section of a bracket and may, for example, be removably attached or permanently attached to the receiving section.
  • a bracket can include a plate or a plate portion that may be oriented in any direction.
  • a “plate” is the structural portion of a bracket that supports a water treatment device. It is not to be confused with the shape attributed to the term by the common meaning of “plate,” but rather can take any shape and be of any material.
  • the plate often serves to transfer the weight of a water treatment device to another bracket or to a base, such as the floor. In some cases the plate may comprise the entire bracket.
  • the plate can be, for example, solid, perforated, hollow, or a framework and may in some instances have a convex side and/or concave side.
  • the plate can be a unitary piece or a collection of connected independent pieces.
  • the plate can include a section for receiving a housing.
  • the plate portion may include a cylinder or partial cylinder for receiving the housing.
  • the housing may fit into the bracket or the bracket may fit into the housing.
  • the plate may, alternatively, include two or more fingers that are positioned to secure a housing of a particular shape and size. For instance, the fingers may be oriented to receive a cylindrical or a square housing.
  • the plate portion may also include one or more edges, typically around the periphery of the plate.
  • the edges may be flat and a series of edges can form a polygon around the outside of the plate.
  • the polygon may have rounded corners and various features on one or more sides.
  • the cross-section of the plate can be a triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, etc.
  • the edges can include a planar portion designed to be mated with the planar portion of a complimentary bracket, however the edges don't need to be flat or planar.
  • the edges may also include grooves, ridges or other features that can be designed to, for example, facilitate the interlocking of the bracket with a second bracket.
  • the plate can also include an edge that faces away from the water treatment device that is associated with the bracket. This face may be perpendicular, or normal, to the axis of a water treatment device housing that is supported by the bracket. This orientation may be particularly useful when devices are to be arranged end-to-end.
  • brackets may be constructed and arranged to receive piping for fluids as well as electrical connections for electrodes.
  • a bracket and a housing of a water treatment module may be integral to each other.
  • the water treatment housing and the associated bracket may be formed from a continuous piece of material or may be permanently joined together.
  • a bracket may also be integrally joined to a water treatment module housing when the bracket and the housing are joined in such a way that they are not designed to be separated.
  • Integrated structures therefore include, for example, embodiments where a bracket is joined to a housing by a permanent adhesive, by welding or by pressure fitting. If a bracket and housing cannot be separated without damaging one or the other, then the bracket and housing may be considered to be integral.
  • the receiving section of a bracket is shaped to complement a portion of the water treatment module housing.
  • the receiving portion of the bracket may include a circular portion that is complementary to the water treatment module housing.
  • a complementary receiving section of a bracket may include a circular passageway having an inner diameter of 18 inches (or slightly larger than 18 inches) so that it may receive and retain the water treatment module.
  • a receiving section or a portion of a receiving section may also be tapered to facilitate fitting and securing the module to the bracket.
  • Brackets may be joined to water treatment modules by any technique that can facilitate retaining a water treatment module in a chosen position.
  • a water treatment module may rest in a U or V shaped channel or may be retained in the receiving section of the bracket by fastening.
  • Fastening may include, but is not limited to, welding, gluing, adhering, pressure fitting, bolting, screwing, interlocking, clamping, and strapping.
  • an adhesive may be applied to either an outer surface of a water treatment module housing or an inner surface of a receiving section of a bracket, or both, in order to join the bracket and module or module housing together.
  • a cylindrically shaped water treatment module housing may be threaded in order to mate with complementary threads formed on or tapped into the receiving section of a bracket.
  • Brackets Two or more brackets may be joined together in a manner that immobilizes the brackets in relation to each other. Brackets can be joined directly by joining connector sections on each bracket or via one or more intermediate connectors.
  • a surface on a bracket may include a fastener or a fastener receiver designed to receive a fastener.
  • Such fasteners include, for example, bolts and corresponding bolt holes, nuts, clamps, clips, screws, magnets, flanges, ties, straps and adhesives.
  • an adhesive is a fastener and a surface that joins to the adhesive is a fastener receiver. Adhesives used to join either brackets to water treatment modules or brackets to brackets are known to those skilled in the art and in some cases may be chosen for adhesion and corrosion properties as well as for allowing expansion and contraction of joined parts.
  • a bracket may be made out of any material capable of providing adequate support to a water treatment module which is intended to be used with the bracket.
  • a bracket may be made from a material having adequate compression strength to support the weight of one, two, three, four, five, six or more water treatment modules intended to be used in a system employing the bracket.
  • Materials of which a bracket can be made include but are not limited to metal such as aluminum or steel, polymers, wood and combinations thereof.
  • the bracket may be made from material having a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the water treatment module housing.
  • a bracket may be manufactured using methods known to those skilled in the art, such as molding, machining and casting. A combination of techniques may also be used.
  • a bracket may be of any form, such as solid or hollow or forming a framework.
  • a bracket includes a substantially flat face opposed by a hollow cavity. This may allow access to bolt holes or other fasteners for joining two or more brackets together. Such a design may also minimize the weight of the bracket while retaining adequate strength.
  • a bracket may have, (see, e.g., FIG. 1 ), a forward face, a lateral face, a longitudinal face and a hollow interior accessible from the rear of the bracket. Each of these faces may provide a surface for joining the bracket to the second bracket.
  • Each face may also include, for example, one or more bolt holes passing from the exterior of the bracket to the hollow interior of the bracket so that a bolt may be passed through the hole and an adjoining bracket hole after the two brackets have been brought into proximity.
  • the modules may be used to provide systems of any design.
  • water treatment modules may be immobilized with respect to each other end to end, side to side or over/under.
  • any one or more of these arrangements may be used with a system.
  • a front face of a bracket may be joined to the front face of a second bracket to place the respective water treatment modules in an end to end relationship.
  • a lateral face on the same bracket may be joined to a lateral face on a second bracket to put the respective water treatment modules in a top and bottom relationship to each other.
  • the lower bracket may support some or all of the weight of the water treatment module that is retained by the upper bracket.
  • a longitudinal surface may be joined to a longitudinal surface of a second bracket in order to immobilize two water treatment modules in a side by side relationship.
  • one bracket may be used to support the weight of the adjacent bracket and its water treatment module, however, it is often preferred that the weight of a water treatment module be supported by a bracket below.
  • FIG. 1 provides an illustration of an example in which a pair of brackets is used with a cylindrically shaped electrodeionization device.
  • Brackets 100 surround the cylindrical housing 110 of the electrodeionization device.
  • each of the brackets has four substantially flat edges 10 that can be joined to additional similar brackets.
  • Each of the brackets contains one or more bolt holes 12 that can be used for receiving bolts to connect the bracket to an adjacent bracket.
  • the bracket itself is substantially hollow having a flat surface facing axially away from the water treatment module. The flat surfaces on the edges of the bracket are substantially parallel to the axis of the water treatment device or pressure fitting.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a design different from that shown in FIG. 1 in that four fingers 14 are used to hold a cylindrical collar 12 , that in turn can hold the cylindrical housing in place. Alternatively, the fingers can be used without the collar.
  • the housing can be slid into each bracket or the bracket can be slid over the housing and the housing can be secured to the bracket by, for example, applying an adhesive.
  • FIG. 3 provides an illustration of another embodiment that is similar to that shown in FIG. 2 except that a flat face 16 has been added to the bracket to facilitate the attachment of additional modules end to end.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a water treatment system in which electrodeionization devices have been attached via brackets of the invention to place adjoining electrodeionization modules and housings end to end, side to side and above/below.
  • FIG. 5 provides a more detailed representation of three water treatment housings that have been joined end to end using brackets. After being joined end-to-end, modules may be mounted horizontally, as shown, or may be mounted vertically. When vertically mounted, the housing of the lower modules should be of adequate strength to support the additional weight.
  • the system shown in FIG. 6 builds on that of FIG. 5 and shows an array of water treatment devices that have been built vertically and horizontally using only the brackets to support the water treatment devices.
  • the system includes a series of brackets 100 serving to support eighteen water treatment devices that have been joined together by brackets. Also included is a power supply 103 and the entire system can be mounted on a skid 106 although the system may also be simply mounted on the floor.
  • brackets may be placed at both ends of the housing of a water treatment device.
  • an electrodeionization device may have a cylindrical housing with a bracket affixed to each end of the cylindrical housing.
  • the two brackets may be used to support the housing and the module or modules contained therein and may be also be used to connect the water treatment device to other water treatment devices either end-to-end, top-to-bottom or side-to-side.
  • the two opposed brackets at opposite ends of a water treatment device may be connected to each other via only the housing of the water treatment device itself. There need not be external framing or tie-rods or other devices that connect one bracket to the opposing bracket.
  • FIG. 7 provides a cutaway view that illustrates how two modules may be plumbed together using a bracket of the invention.
  • Bracket 120 which may be the same, for example, as the bracket shown in FIG. 1 , 2 or 3 , can be used to join the first module together with the second module as well as to retain the first and second module together after connecting.
  • Each of the electrodeionization devices includes a housing 110 , in this case a cylindrical housing made of a filled polymer. Also shown is end block 150 and end plate 160 . Similar end blocks and end plates are paired on the opposite side of each of the electrodeionization devices.
  • Each of the end blocks includes a groove that in turn contains an O-ring 172 that provides a fluid tight seal between the end block and the housing.
  • Interconnect tube 140 can be used to provide fluid flow between the first and second module.
  • Interconnect tube 140 may include a groove around each end that can receive O-ring 126 that can provide a fluid-tight seal.
  • gasket 128 may provide a fluid-tight seal and gasket compression can be supplied by the bracket fastener, for example a bolt, that provides a compression force pushing both ends of the interconnect tube against a complementary shoulder in each of the electrodeionization devices.
  • threads may be used to provide the force to compress the gasket. Threads may be preferred for piping at an end of a unit where no additional module is available to supply a compressive force.
  • the invention provides for an electrodeionization module that provides for a variety of piping options.
  • a cylindrical CEDI module may be piped at one end or both ends. For example, connecting feed, product, concentrate and reject piping to a single end can provide for space savings and convenience as the opposing end of the module may be free of piping.
  • ports may be included for any one or more of feed, product, concentrate and reject lines. Ports that are not in use may be blocked. For instance if a feed port at one end of the module is to be used, the feed port at the opposing end of the module may be blocked by placing a plug in the connector.
  • Such a port may also be connected via piping to a second or additional module to provide flow to the second or additional module.
  • Multiple modules may be connected so that water flows between them either in series or in parallel.
  • the flow through the cells in a CEDI module is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the module. Therefore, a single line or manifold can provide flow for each cell from one end of the module to the other.
  • the line may connect a port on one end to a port on the opposing end, with flow access to each cell in between.
  • Product, concentrate and reject may be arranged in a similar manner so that access to each may be provided through either end of the module.
  • the end blocks 150 are typically made of non-conducting material and house the electrodes.
  • End plates 160 are typically fabricated of metal for high mechanical strength.
  • tie-rods pass through the end plate, end block, stack and opposing end block and end plate in order to compress the stack.
  • the “stack” is the water purifying portion of the device that includes, if appropriate, spacers, membranes and electroactive media.
  • the end plate 160 is of a rigid material.
  • the positioning of the bolt holes on the bracket allow for end to end (axially) connection of electrodeionization modules, side by side (laterally) connection of electrodeionization modules or top to bottom (vertically) connection of the modules.
  • systems comprising multiple water treatment modules in different configurations may be made from the same modules and housings.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates three different electrodeionization modules that have each been connected in line (axially) with the others. Although the modules are connected in line, they may be plumbed to work either in parallel or in series. When multiple groups of these modules are stacked together, an array of electrodeionization modules may develop as is shown in FIG. 6 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the brackets may be used to support the entire weight, or substantially the entire weight, of the electrodeionization devices. Thus, additional columns or rows of devices may be added by simply connecting the associated brackets to those already present.
  • an array of electrodeionization devices may be designed so that the devices are in fluid communication with at least one other device yet no piping between devices is required.
  • each device may be attached to another device via a bracket that includes a conduit for providing fluid communication between devices.
  • brackets may be designed so that they are integral to the bracket and are not positioned where there may be abraded or otherwise damaged during transportation or use.
  • the bracket may be made of, for example, a strong non-corrosive material such as a metal or hardened polymer that can provide virtually a limitless lifetime to the conduits contained therein.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment where bracket 120 includes a fluid passageway 122 that can be used to feed fluid to a water treatment device or remove fluid from a water treatment device.
  • feedwater may enter bracket 120 at conduit 122 which is in fluid communication with a conduit passing through end block 150 .
  • feedwater may flow to a manifold that feeds depletion compartments 180 and concentration compartments 190 as well as continuing down the end block 150 and into the lower edge of bracket 120 to feed another module that can be mounted below the module shown.
  • the end plates 160 may be drawn together by the use of tie-rods as provided in other examples.
  • Bracket 120 can make a fluid connection with another bracket by connecting the conduits 122 via an interconnect tube or by a direct connection.
  • a direct connection is made, an O-ring or other seal may be placed between the two brackets at the point where the two conduits join.
  • the compression force can provide a seal that prevents leakage from the bracket interface.
  • Each bracket may include one, two, three or more conduits and the conduits within a given bracket may be fluidly in communication with each other or may be separate. Furthermore, one or more of these conduits may be plugged if, for example, the water treatment module is not connected to the maximum number of water treatment modules allowed by the bracket.
  • Conduits 122 may include a taper or internal threading, for example, to allow for the retention of a plug.
  • the bracket can supply feedwater to the system at operating pressures and temperature.
  • these temperatures may include room temperature, greater than room temperature, greater than 60° C., and greater than 85° C.
  • Pressures may include pressures greater than 50, 100 or 150 psi.
  • the use of the bracket allows for elimination of any external piping, either flexible or rigid, and all fluid flow between modules can pass from one module to the next exclusively through one or more brackets.
  • FIG. 9 provides examples of how fluid-carrying conduits in adjoining brackets can be sealed.
  • a flange gasket is used to seal the joint.
  • an O-ring is used and in FIG. 9C , an interconnect tube including two O-rings can be used. Any of these techniques and variance thereof can be used to provide a fluid-tight seal that can withstand operating pressures of greater than 50, greater than 100 or greater than 150 psi.
  • Water treatment modules that are not aligned in an end to end arrangement may use external piping to join modules in series or in parallel.
  • a bracket includes an opening that provides a passageway for fluid and/or electrical connections to and/or from a module.
  • End cap 162 may provide both the function of an end block and the function of an end plate.
  • end cap 162 may be non-conductive and include the electrodes as well as fluid conduits to feed the depletion and concentrating compartments.
  • end cap 162 may be rigid enough so that tie-rods passing through the end cap can provide compression to the stack and to the end cap itself.
  • the one piece end cap can be made out of a suitably rigid non-corrosive material such as a polymer reinforced with fibers or beads.
  • the fibers or beads may be, for example, glass or carbon. A filler may also be used.
  • Fillers include glass, carbon and mineral.
  • the end cap may also have an internal core of metal to provide rigidity and an outer covering of a polymer material to provide, for example, adequate rigidity with non-corrosive and non-conductive characteristics.
  • the end cap 162 may include an O-ring 172 to provide a seal between the end cap 162 and the housing 110 . Also included is connecting tube 142 to carry fluid from the end cap to the bracket.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates in cross-section a water treatment system including two of the modules sown in FIG. 10 .
  • Two adjacent brackets 120 can be pulled together with a fastener, such as bolt 126 and nut 128 . Compression provided by the bolt or series of bolts can provide a seal between the brackets either with or without the use of an interconnect tube.
  • the two modules are plumbed in parallel but with plugging, as shown in other examples, the system can be plumbed in series as well.
  • Each of the modules may include an end cap 162 that provides the function of both an end plate and an end block.
  • FIG. 12 provides a configuration in which by using plugs 114 and 112 the modules are arranged to treat water in series.
  • End connector 164 may include a central portion 166 that can provide the function of end cap 162 as in the previous example. Also included are bracket portions 168 that can integrate the functions of a bracket with the functions of the end block and end plate.
  • the end connector may be held in place in any number of ways including a passage of tie-rods through the stack and each end cap.
  • the end cap may be adhered to the housing 110 using an adhesive, or the entire end cap may be screwed into the housing by threading a portion of the end cap and a portion of the housing.
  • a fluid tight seal may be provided by O-ring 172 which can be deformed by compression of the two end connectors toward the stack.
  • the bracket portion 168 may include fasteners such as those in the brackets described in previous embodiments.
  • arrays of water treatment modules may be constructed by connecting one bracket portion to a bracket portion of another module.
  • the end connector may be made from the same materials as the end cap, described above.
  • FIG. 14 is similar to that of FIG. 13 except that end connector 164 has been replaced by end connector 264 that includes conduits for feeding water to and from the water treatment device.
  • conduit 222 can receive feedwater from a module upstream of conduit 222 and can then feed manifold 224 as well as conduit 226 that can feed an additional module.
  • end connector 264 provides all the function of an end block and end cap and a bracket.
  • housing 110 It may be attached to housing 110 by the use of tie-rods that compress the two end connectors together, by adhering the end connector to the housing 110 or by connecting the end connector via threads that interface with complementary threads in the housing.
  • the housing may include male or female threads and the end connector may include male or female threads.
  • the end caps may also be held in place by using tie-rods that do not extend through the stack but instead extend through the bracket portion of the end cap or end connector and are external of the housing 110 .
  • a series of tie-rods may surround a cylindrical housing 110 , the ends of the tie-rods being bolted to the bracket portion of the end cap or end connector.
  • an array of any number of rows and columns of water treatment devices may be used in a system. Water treatment devices need not be the same. For instance, RO devices may be mixed in an array with electrodeionization devices.
  • the dilute compartments of the electrodeionization device can be plumbed in parallel or in a series while the concentrate compartments may be independently plumbed in parallel or in series.
  • the dilute and concentrate compartments need not be plumbed in the same manner.
  • end connector 264 be non-conducting on all external surfaces when used with an electrodeionization device. This helps, for example, to eliminate any likelihood of the electrical potential inside the device that carried to the exterior of the device wherein an operator could be exposed.
  • the surfaces are non-metallic to avoid corrosion yet the end connector should be structurally strong enough to maintain adequate compression on the stack even when internal pressures may be greater than 50, greater than 100 or greater than 150 psi.
  • the material should also be strong enough to allow multiple modules, or rows of modules to be mechanically fastened together and to provide adequate support for the weight of the array.
  • the end connector if of adequate compression strength, can eliminate the need for a rack or other means to support the modules in an array.
  • the elimination of such a rack allows for easier access to individual modules as well as easy increase or decrease in the size of the entire system by adding or removing any number of modules.
  • the size of the support structure for the array increases with the addition of modules and decreases with the subtraction of modules. No space is wasted by having unused rack space, and the size of the system is not limited by the size of a particular rack.
  • end cap or end connector can be made using the technique of insert molding.
  • insert molding a polymeric material is molded around a metal insert.
  • the metal insert can provide a majority of the mechanical strength and the polymer provides non-conductive surfaces and electrical insulation.
  • a metal insert may be made by methods known to those skilled in the art such machining, casting or forming.
  • the metallic insert is then placed into a mold and a polymer can be injected into the mold cavity. Molding techniques may be chosen from, for example, injection molding, structural form molding or reaction-injection molding.
  • a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A without B (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B without A (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
  • the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements.
  • This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified.
  • “at least one of A and B” can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
US10/943,782 2003-09-19 2004-09-17 Apparatus and method for connecting water treatment devices Expired - Lifetime US7326325B2 (en)

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US20120261255A1 (en) * 2009-12-25 2012-10-18 Koki Matsuyama Electrolysis water-making apparatus
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US8961770B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2015-02-24 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Controller and method of operation of a capacitive deionization system
US9010361B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2015-04-21 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Control valve assembly
US9169138B2 (en) 2010-08-07 2015-10-27 Saltworks Technologies Inc. Apparatus for compression of a stack and for a water treatment system
US9279534B2 (en) * 2012-11-06 2016-03-08 Flexi Adapt, Inc. Modular frame system for pressure vessels used in water treatment systems
US9637397B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2017-05-02 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Ion removal using a capacitive deionization system
US9695070B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2017-07-04 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Regeneration of a capacitive deionization system
US10060618B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2018-08-28 Exponential Technologies, Inc. Pressure-gain combustion apparatus and method
USD987029S1 (en) * 2023-02-03 2023-05-23 Spot Zero Reverse Osmosis Inc. Portable reverse osmosis system
WO2024158496A1 (en) * 2023-01-27 2024-08-02 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Gasket and endblock for separation module

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US9169138B2 (en) 2010-08-07 2015-10-27 Saltworks Technologies Inc. Apparatus for compression of a stack and for a water treatment system
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US8961770B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2015-02-24 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Controller and method of operation of a capacitive deionization system
US9637397B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2017-05-02 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Ion removal using a capacitive deionization system
US9695070B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2017-07-04 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Regeneration of a capacitive deionization system
US9903485B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2018-02-27 Pentair Residential Filtration, Llc Control valve assembly
US9279534B2 (en) * 2012-11-06 2016-03-08 Flexi Adapt, Inc. Modular frame system for pressure vessels used in water treatment systems
US10060618B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2018-08-28 Exponential Technologies, Inc. Pressure-gain combustion apparatus and method
WO2024158496A1 (en) * 2023-01-27 2024-08-02 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Gasket and endblock for separation module
USD987029S1 (en) * 2023-02-03 2023-05-23 Spot Zero Reverse Osmosis Inc. Portable reverse osmosis system

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CA2545485A1 (en) 2005-03-31
US20050087446A1 (en) 2005-04-28
CA2545485C (en) 2009-11-10
CN100528305C (zh) 2009-08-19
WO2005028760A3 (en) 2005-12-15
CN1852759A (zh) 2006-10-25

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