US7144545B2 - Process for the production of ceramic bearing components - Google Patents
Process for the production of ceramic bearing components Download PDFInfo
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- US7144545B2 US7144545B2 US10/290,320 US29032002A US7144545B2 US 7144545 B2 US7144545 B2 US 7144545B2 US 29032002 A US29032002 A US 29032002A US 7144545 B2 US7144545 B2 US 7144545B2
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- pyrolysis reaction
- mixture
- carried out
- iron
- compound
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000734 polysilsesquioxane polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JRACIMOSEUMYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)iron Chemical compound [Si]=[Fe]=[Si] JRACIMOSEUMYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021359 Chromium(II) silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020968 MoSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000451318 Cryptacrus comes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910005331 FeSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015811 MSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020381 SiO1.5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
- C04B35/589—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride obtained from Si-containing polymer precursors or organosilicon monomers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of ceramic bearing components.
- Ceramic bearing components can, for example, be rolling elements, bearing rings or cages of a roller bearing, bearing seals or a slide bearing.
- EP 0 366 433 B1 discloses ceramic bearing modules and a process for the production of bearing modules of this type.
- the bearing modules are formed of a ceramic material which contains metallic components including several of the elements iron, nickel, chromium, and tungsten in an amount of 3500 ppm or less.
- the ceramic raw material powder is converted into a paste form.
- the paste is granulated, formed into the desired shape, and sintered.
- metallic components are reduced to a residual value of 3500 ppm or less.
- ceramic bearing components have already proven themselves effective because they have a comparatively long life-time even under extreme conditions such as, for example, high temperatures, high rotational speed or loss of lubricant, the use of ceramic bearing components has previously been restricted to the field of special applications. This is due to the fact that the production costs of the bearing components with the application of known production processes clearly exceed the production costs of comparable bearing components of steel.
- the objective of the invention is to specify a process for the production of ceramic bearing components, said process being cost-effective and nonetheless fulfilling the high quality requirements existing in the field of bearing technology.
- This objective is fulfilled by a process with the processing steps for the production of ceramic bearing components comprising mixing a metallo-organic preceramic precursor compound and a chemically reactive filling substance and subjecting the mixture to a pyrolysis reaction.
- a mixture of substances including a metallo-organic compound as preceramic precursor and a chemically reactive filling substance is subjected to a pyrolysis reaction.
- a thermal conversion of the polymer into a ceramic material takes place.
- the procedure has the advantage that the production process, compared with sintering and hot-pressing processes used in the conventional manner of production of ceramic bearing components, runs significantly faster and requires a significantly lower energy input. Furthermore, both the starting materials used and the near-net-shaping properties of the filler, loaded polymer and especially of the sintered green compact are comparatively favorable from the standpoint of cost. A further advantage consists of the fact that, with suitable processing conditions, hardly any shrinkage or porosity occurs.
- the mixture of substances can contain a silicon-organic compound as preceramic precursor, where polysiloxanes, i. a., due to their preprocessing, which is not affected by a sensitivity to moisture, being able to be carried out in air, and their hydrolysis stability, are particularly well suited. Also, thanks to their corresponding availability, they can be obtained comparatively cost-effectively. While in principle any polysiloxane could be used, only the silicone resins can be cured, which is important for the machining of the green compact and they are thus preferred. Most preferred are polysilsesquioxanes, such as polymethylsiloxane (CH 3 SiO 1.5 ).
- a metal-silicon intermetallic material in particular an iron-silicon intermetallic material
- these materials can react with decomposition products of the precursor (e.g. carbon) and also, due to transient open porosity, with gas from an reactive atmosphere (e.g. nitrogen).
- the use of iron-silicon intermetallic material has once again the advantage that this material is readily available and therefore very cost-effective.
- industrial remnants for example, from the steel industry
- suitable for use are conceivable, in given cases after appropriate preparation.
- the chemically reactive filling substance can be processed in the form of a powder with a grain size on the order of magnitude of from about 1 to about 100, preferably from about 1 to 50, ⁇ m.
- the mixture of substances can contain at least one additional chemically reactive filling substance and/or at least one inert filling substance.
- Suitable reactive fillers include silicides of transition metals like CrSi 2 or MoSi 2 ; silicon; boron; metals like Al, etc.
- Inert fillers include SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and BaO.
- the pyrolysis reaction can be carried out in a chemically reactive gas atmosphere, where, in particular, a nitrogen atmosphere is suitable.
- a nitrogen atmosphere is suitable.
- additional reaction partners are made available, in particular for the production of a ceramic material based on a nitride, especially silicon nitride.
- the pyrolysis reaction is carried out under excess pressure of from about 1 to 50, preferably from about 1 to 5, MPa nitrogen.
- the pyrolysis reaction can be done in a multi-stage, temperature-controlled process, in particular in order to exploit therein temperature windows of open porosity with regard to the reactivity with reactive atmosphere gas.
- the porosity changes from open to closed porosity with increasing temperature (intermediate steps are possible: e.g., open, closed, open, closed). It is important to use the larger transient open porosity as nitrogen from the gas atmosphere can then react with filler particles. At higher temperatures and with increasing filler reaction, the amount of porosity decreases and open pores will be closed.
- Intermediate steps can be chosen approximately in the range of 400° C. to 1000° C. with holding times from about 30 minutes to 10 hours, preferably from about 1 to 5 hours.
- the final temperature of the pyrolysis which typically is maintained over a time of from about 1 to 200, preferably about 5 to about 50, hours, lies between 1000° C. and 1700° C., preferably between 1200° C. and 1500° C. This has the advantage that a qualitatively particularly high-value, for example, practically residual polymer-free, ceramic material is produced.
- the resulting product is in the form of a microscopically structured ceramic material (which in given cases may contain a slight percentage of unbonded free metal, depending on the processing with a maximum free metal content of 10 volume percentage) for example, in the reaction of a suitable silicon-organic precursor with a metal-silicon intermetallic material as a chemically reactive filling substance and a nitrogen atmosphere to form a ceramic of predominantly silicon nitride and silicon carbide.
- a suitable silicon-organic precursor with a metal-silicon intermetallic material as a chemically reactive filling substance and a nitrogen atmosphere to form a ceramic of predominantly silicon nitride and silicon carbide.
- a metal-silicon intermetallic material as a chemically reactive filling substance and a nitrogen atmosphere
- one skilled in the art can produce an oxygen-containing or oxygen-free ceramic material or a slight percentage of residual polymer can be retained in the composite material.
- a first forming of the mixture of substances can be carried out along with a hardening of the metallo-organic compound contained in the mixture of substances.
- This hardening or stabilization for the green component can be done with or without weight loss and, in particular, under pressure of from about 1 to 50 MPa, typically about 20 MPa, and by heat transfer at a temperature of about 100° C. to 300° C.
- the hardening can also be completed by the action of radiation as well as promoted by additives.
- a semi-finished product of stable form can be produced from the mixture of substances, from which semi-finished product the bearing components can be fabricated in their near-net-shape dimensions by mechanical processing before carrying out the reaction pyrolysis.
- This has the advantage that the mechanical processing required for the production of the bearing components takes place for the most part with conventional processes customary in industry, e. g., cutting with low tool wear on the relatively soft green part and not on the hard, brittle ceramic product. This simplifies the processing significantly so that an efficient and cost-effective production is possible.
- the components of the mixture of substances can be coordinated with one another in a manner apparent to the skilled artisan so that the bearing components do not have any noteworthy volumetric shrinkage when the reaction pyrolysis is carried out or they experience a controlled, small change in volume oriented toward the concluding final processing.
- This has the advantage that the green component can be processed nearly to its final dimensions. After carrying out the pyrolysis reaction, a mechanical final processing of the bearing components can then be done. In so doing however, still only a relatively small amount of material removal is required.
- FIGURE shows a flow chart to illustrate the course of the process according to the invention.
- a mixture of substances is produced in a first step S 1 , said mixture of substances containing a metallo-organic compound and a chemically reactive filling substance.
- a metallo-organic compound silicon-organic compounds are particularly suitable.
- a polysilsesquioxane is used.
- metal-silicon intermetallic materials in particular can be used.
- an iron-silicon intermetallic material with a percentage by volume of the total mixture typically in the range of from about 10 to 60, preferably about 20 to 50, typically about 40, is used.
- Suitable metal (iron) silicon intermetallic materials are metal silicide(s) and iron silicide. Additionally, we preferentially use metal disilicide(s), i.e., MSi 2 (e.g., CrSi 2 , MoSi 2 ), and iron disilicide (FeSi 2 ).
- Metal-silicon intermetallic materials can be processed in the framework of the process according to the invention in the form of a powder with suitably small grain size in the ⁇ m range, for example about 1 to 10 ⁇ m. A small grain size is essential for the monitoring and minimization of the shrinkage occurring in the pyrolytic polymer-ceramic conversion and associated with the increase in density.
- Polysilsesquioxane occurs, according to its composition, in the form of a liquid, a thick liquid, or even a paste or a solid.
- the mixing of the mixture of substances can be done, say, by kneading, stirring, intensive mixing, or the like.
- step S 2 following step S 1 the mixture of substances is filled into a mold which predefines the contours of the green component. If, for example, rolling elements in the form of a roller are to be produced, then a mold is suitable with which a round rod can be formed. The mold can however also be made so that the mixture of substances is formed as a tube from which rings for rolling bearings or for slide bearings are produced. In principle, all the current forms of bearing components such as, for example, rolling elements or bearing rings, cages or seals, or of semi-finished products for the production of bearing components, can be realized.
- Step S 3 follows step S 2 .
- the mixture of substances is cross-linked in the mold under the action of pressure at a temperature of ca. 100° C. to 300° C. to form a green component.
- the cross-linking can in principle also be completed by an irradiation at room temperature as well as with the aid of additives. Irradiation can also be used in addition to thermally induced cross-linking. In this case the irradiation takes place above room temperature.
- the green component is stable in form but still comparatively soft so that it can be easily processed mechanically.
- the mechanical processing takes place in a step S 4 , which follows step S 3 .
- One or more rolling element components can be produced from the green component, e. g., by a metal-cutting process, where in regard to the desired final dimensions only a small allowance for a concluding fine processing is required.
- individual sections can be cut off and brought to the desired near-net-shape dimensions of the cylinder roller by turning and/or grinding.
- the fine processing, with which the final dimensions and the desired surface topography can be produced, is done at a later point in time of the process.
- the green component is subjected, in a step S 5 , to a pyrolysis reaction through which the cross-linked mixture of substances of the green component is converted into a ceramic.
- the pyrolysis reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere where a nitrogen excess pressure of up to 5 MPa is chosen.
- the temperature is typically 1500° C. over, for example, 6 hours during the pyrolysis reaction setting in as of about 400° C. after an intermediate step at about 500° C. with about a 1-hour holding time. In principle, even lower temperatures of, for example, 1000° C. can be chosen.
- the ceramic composite material produced contains predominantly carbides as well as a small amount of residual oxygen, which in particular is oxidically bound to metallic components.
- the carbides predominantly stem from the reactive filler particles and are thus the corresponding carbon compounds, e.g., Cr 3 C 2 , Fe 3 C.
- SiC can be present within the final ceramic material due to both pyrolysis reaction and inert filler additives. As discussed above, a small amount (less than about 10% by volume) of residual unbonded free metals can also be present.
- the components of the mixture of substances or the decomposition fragments of the polymer matrix react with one another as well as with the ambient nitrogen atmosphere.
- the shrinkage associated with the increase in density and the withdrawal of hydrogen (hydrocarbon) from the polymers of the cross-linked mixture of substances by a corresponding increase in volume, in particular by the filling substance's chemical reactions associated with expansion so that ultimately the entire volume remains nearly unchanged.
- a sufficiently large ratio between surface and volume of the chemically reactive filling substance is essential for this, on account of which the grain size used lies in the range of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- step S 5 is followed by step S 6 , in which a fine processing of the ceramic body is done so that in a step S 7 the final product appears.
- the fine processing can, for example, be a grinding and/or honing process in which the dimensions of the bearing component are brought to the desired final values and/or the desired surface topography is produced, in particular in the area of rolling or sliding faces.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (25)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10154739A DE10154739B4 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2001-11-09 | Process for producing ceramic bearing components |
DE10154739.0 | 2001-11-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20030114294A1 US20030114294A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
US7144545B2 true US7144545B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
Family
ID=7704954
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/290,320 Expired - Lifetime US7144545B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2002-11-08 | Process for the production of ceramic bearing components |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7144545B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1310469B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4285971B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE305442T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10154739B4 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8793878B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2014-08-05 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Method for manufacturing a rolling element bearing |
US9322074B2 (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2016-04-26 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Rolling-element bearing and method of manufacturing thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10203473A1 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Skf Ab | Process for the production of ceramic bearing components |
DE102004016285A1 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-20 | Fag Kugelfischer Ag | Ceramic rolling element for a roller bearing and method for its production |
DE102004062842B3 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-04-27 | Ab Skf | Gripper shaft`s bearing arrangement for printing machine, has slide bearing with two rings, in which one ring is divided in two parts, and lubricant storing unit made of porous polymer material and arranged between two parts of ring |
DE102011083860A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Ceramic element and method for producing a ceramic element |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8793878B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2014-08-05 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Method for manufacturing a rolling element bearing |
US9322074B2 (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2016-04-26 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Rolling-element bearing and method of manufacturing thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10154739A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
US20030114294A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
ATE305442T1 (en) | 2005-10-15 |
EP1310469A2 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
EP1310469A3 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
JP4285971B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
DE50204383D1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
EP1310469B1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
DE10154739B4 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
JP2003148475A (en) | 2003-05-21 |
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