US706072A - Loom for weaving tufted pile fabrics. - Google Patents

Loom for weaving tufted pile fabrics. Download PDF

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Publication number
US706072A
US706072A US8921699A US1899089216A US706072A US 706072 A US706072 A US 706072A US 8921699 A US8921699 A US 8921699A US 1899089216 A US1899089216 A US 1899089216A US 706072 A US706072 A US 706072A
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shaft
warp
loom
lever
yarn
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US8921699A
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Charles H Landenberger
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D39/00—Pile-fabric looms
    • D03D39/02—Axminster looms, i.e. wherein pile tufts are inserted during weaving

Definitions

  • the object of my invention is to provide machinery for weaving pile fabrics of that class in which short lengths of pile-thread are secured to the warp-threads of the fabric by looping or knotting them thereon, my invention comprising certain features of construction and combinations of parts, whereby the formation and application of the knots of pile-thread are effected automatically and pile-forming knots of any desired color are produced.
  • Figure l is a view of one end of aloom constructed in accordance with my invention, showing in section the ground-warp-controlling heddles and the mechanism for taking up the woven fabric.
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view of the opposite end of the loom.
  • Fig. 3 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1, and omitting the mechanism for operating the pile-yarn controller and also the mechanism for taking up the finished web.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse section of the mechanism for operating the pile-yarn controller.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view showing the separate levers of said mechanism detached from each other.
  • Figs. 6 to 10 are enlarged views illustrating features of construction not sufficiently shown in the general views.
  • Figs. 11 to 15 are diagrams illustrating the successive steps in the formation of a pile-knot in accordance with my. invention.
  • Figs. 16 and 17 are enlarged diagrams illustrating a piece of fabric woven in accordance with my invention.
  • Fig. 17 is an enlarged view illustrating a modified form of fabric, and
  • Figs. 1.8, 19, and 20 are views illustrating certain modifications of the pile yarn controller.
  • Figs. 21 to 44, inclusive, are views of cams which may be employed for operating the warp-controlling heddles of the loom.
  • Figs. 1, 2, and 3, 1 represents a suitable bed-plate or foundation upon which is mounted, so as to be free to slide in a direction transversely to the ground-warp, the fixed frame 2, which carries the mechanism whereby the knots of pile-yarn are formed and applied to said ground-warp, the operating mechanism carried by this frame being driven by atransverse shaft 3, which is adapted to suitable bearings on the frame 2, so as to move transversely therewith.
  • the shaft 3 has a spurwheel 4, which is driven by an elongated pinion 5 on a shaft 6, parallel with the shaft 3, but adapted to fixed bearings, the length of the spur-pinion 5 being sufficient to permit the desired transverse movement of the frame 2 and the parts carried thereby without throwing the wheels 4 and 5 out of mesh.
  • the shaft 6 also has another spur-pinion 7 ,Which meshes with a spur-wheel 8 on a short shaft 9, likewise adapted to fixed bearings at one end of the loom, this shaft 9 having a hub 10 with a projecting tooth 1l,the opposite ends of which are in different planes and are connected by an inclined portion, as shown in Fig. 3, this tooth meshing with a notched wheel 12, secured to a shaft 13, which is adapted to suitable fixed bearings at one end of the loom and is disposed at right angles to the shaft 9, so that as' the latter is rotated intermittent movements of partial rotation will be imparted to the shaft 13 and to the mechanism carried thereby.
  • a grooved cam 14 which acts upon an antifriction-roller on a lever 15, and said lever is connected by a link 16 to brackets 17, projecting from one of the end frames 2 of the loom, so that as the shaft 13 is intermittently moved intermittent sliding movements will be imparted to the loom-frame and to the parts carried thereby, the character of the cam being such that the loom-frame will be moved in one direction by a series of successive short movements each about equal in extent to the distance between the adjoining threads of the ground-warp, and when this series of moveheddles the movements hereinafter described.
  • the shaft 13 has at one end a cam 22, which acts upon a lever 23, carrying a pawl 24, which engages with a ratchetwheel on the shaft of the upper take-up roll 25, back movement of the latter being prevented by a retainer pawl or detent 26, so as to impart a certain amount of take-up movement'to the fabric at the desired intervals.
  • the ground-warp, the heddles for controlling the same, and the take-up mechanism all occupy a fixed relation to each other so far as transverse movement is concerned, but the frame which carries the knot-forming devices is, as before noted, moved transversely across the warp, so that the pile-forming knots can be applied successively to different portions of the warp, the frame 2 carrying a series of knot-forming devices, of which only two are shown in Fig.
  • each of these knot-forming devices operating in connection with a given section of the ground-warp, so that the transverse movement of the frame 2 need only be to the extent of the width of ground-warp intended to be covered by each knot-forming device, the joint action of the series of knot-forming devices covering the entire width of the warp.
  • each of these segments having as many projecting guide-tubes 32 as there are different-colored yarns to be used, the end of each guide-tube being bent laterally, as shown in Fig. 3, so as to discharge its yarn sidewise.
  • the hub of each segment 31 is acted upon by a strap or belt 33 and spring 34 or other equivalent mechanism,,so that the said segment has a normal tendency to move in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1.
  • a pulley 35 With which engages a belt or strap 36, which also engages with a pulley 37 free to turn on a shaft 38 at the top of the loom-frame, this pulleyhavingsecured toorformingpart'thereof a spur-wheel 39, which meshes with a segment 40, secured to or forming part of a lever 41, hung so as to be free to swing on. a short shaft 41 at the rear of the loom.
  • Any desired mechanism for connecting the lever 41 to the swingingyarn-guides may, however, be employed, the mechanism shown being simply adopted for convenience.
  • the lever 41 forms one of a series of levers 41, 42, 43, and 44, disposed side by side and all hung to the short shaft 41, the final lever 44 of the series being flanked by a plate 45.
  • the levers 42, 43, and 44 are formed two slots 46 and 47, a single slot 47 being formed in the lever 41 and a single slot 46 being formed in the plate 45.
  • the slots 47 are at different angles representing a regular geometrical progression. Thus if the angle of the slot 47 in the lever 41 be assumed to represent 1 the angle of the slot 47 in the lever 42 will represent 2, the angle of the slot 47 in the lever 43 will represent 4, and the angle of the slot 47 in the lever 44 will represent 8.
  • Movement imparted to any of the levers will therefore be transmitted to the lever 41, for each lever carries with it all of the levers in advance that is to.say, movement of the lever 44 moves also the lever 43, 42, and 41, movement of the lever 43 moves also the levers 42 and 41, but not the lever 44, and movement of the lever 42 moves also the lever 41, but not the levers 43 and 44.
  • sixteen of the guides 32 can be controlled, so as to bring any one of said guides into position to deliver its yarn to theknot-forming devices.
  • the bars 51, 52, 53, and 54 are hung, respeotively, to levers 51, 52, 53, and 54, each of which is acted upon by a spring 55, tending to retract it, and each of said levers is also acted upon bya cam 56, each of these cams being mounted so as to be free to turn on a shaft 57 and being acted upon by an antifriction-roller 58 on a lever 59, likewise hung to the shaft 7 so as to be free to swing thereon.
  • Each lever 59 is acted uponby a spring or weight 60,- tending to depress it, and it also has a cord or wire 61, intended to lead to one of the lifters of a lift-and-drop.
  • Each of the cams 56 is slotted at 62 to an extent sufficient to permit play of. the roller 58 throughout an are represented by the upward or downward movement of the lever 59 from a mid-position.
  • the lever 59 is elevated, having just moved the cam 56 to the position there shown. The lever then falls back until its roller 58 bears against the cam 56 at the bottom of the slot 62, so that it will be in position to move the cam in the reverse direction on a further downward movement of the lever 59.
  • either of the levers 51, 52, 53, or 54 may be projected, so as to advance its corresponding bar 51, 52, 53, or 54 and permit it to remain in the projected position for as long a period as maybe desirable.
  • the operation of the guides 32 is controlled by the jacquard mechanism and the position of said guides may be changed on each operation of said jacquard mechanism, or the guides may be allowed to remain in one position for any desired length of time.
  • the essential feature of the yarn-selecting mechanism is the combination of the series of levers with a series of interposed separators, presenting to each other bearings which increase in angle in geometrical progression throughout the series, and this idea is susceptible of many modifications within the scope of my invention.
  • a series of levers 41, 42, 43, and 44, hung to independent pivot-pins, is employed, these levers being separated one from an other by a series of bars 51, 52, 53, and 54, the bearing-surfaces of the bars in this case increasing in angle in geometrical progression throughout the series and said inclined bearing-surfaces of the bars acting upon pins or projections upon the levers.
  • a series of draft-nippers Fig. 7, each consisting of upper and lower levers 64 and 65, hung upon said shaft 63 so as to be free to swing thereon, but longitudinally confined to the shaft by means of collars 66 thereon, the nippers being normally held in the closed position by means of a spring 67, interposed between the short arms of the levers 64 and.
  • One end of the shaft 63 is forked and has a pin 75, which engages with the slotted end of a lever 76, hung to a bracket on the fixed frame of the loom and having an antifriction-roller 77, which is acted upon by a cam 78 on the shaft 3, so that longitudinal reciprocation is imparted to the shaft 63 at intervals, a spring 7 6 acting upon the lever 76 so as to maintain its antifriction-roll'er constantly in contact with the cam 78.
  • Mou'ntedso as to be freeto swing upon a transverse shaft 80 of the loom are a series of levers 81 and 82, the long arms of each pair of these levers projecting into proximity to the end of one of the series of guides 32 and being constructed so as to form the blades of a pair of shears, the short arms of the le vers being acted upon by a spring 83, Fig. 8, tending to separate the long arms of the levers or open the shears, and said short arms the loom and having an antifriction-roller 89, acted upon by a cam 90 on the shaft 3, a spring 86 'acting upon the arm 86 and tending to maintain the antifriction-roller 89 constantly in contact with the cam 90.
  • a transverse rock-shaft 91 Upon a transverse rock-shaft 91 is mounted an arm 92, having bearings for two shafts 93 and 94, Fig. 9, each of which has at its inner end a head 95, carrying a pair of nippers 96, which I term looping-nippers, and which are normally kept closed by means of springs 97, but which can be opened when desired by mechanismhereinafterdescribed.
  • the shafts 93 and 94 are geared together by means of spur-pinions 98, and one of the shafts has a spur-wheel 99, which meshes with a rack 100, free to slide in suitable guides on the loomframe and having at one end collars 101, be-.
  • the rock-shaft 91 has at one end an arm 106, which is connected by means of a link 107 with an arm 108, hung to V the fixed frame of the machine and having an antifriction-roller 109, which is acted upon by a cam 110 on the shaft 3, a spring107 acting upon the link 107 so as to maintain the antifriction-roller 109 constantly in contact with the cam 110.
  • a transverse rock-shaft 120 To a transverse rock-shaft 120 are secured a series of arms 121, each having at its lower end a tubular casing 122, in which is guided a rod 123, split at the lower end and having beveled projections 124, which are acted upon by the beveled lower end of the tubular casing 122.
  • the rock-shaft 120 also has an arm 145, which is connected to abar 146, forked at the lower end so as to embrace the shaft 3 and hav-, ing an antifriction-roller 147, which is acted upon by a cam 148 on saidshaft, the weight of the rod 146, arm 145, and the other connections of the shaft 120 serving to maintain the roller in contact with the cam.
  • the projecting forked end of the rod 123 constitutes a pair of nippers 125, Fig. 10,which I term the knotting-nippers, and which when the rod 123 is pressed inwardly by means of a spring 126 are closed together.
  • nippers 125 separating, however, whenever the rod 123 is thrust forward in the casing 122,
  • Each rod 123 is acted upon at the proper time by ineans of a tappet 127, mounted upon a rock-shaft 128, which has at one end an arm 129, connected by a link 130 to a lever 131, hung to a bracket on the fixed frame of the loom and having an antifriction-roller 132, which is acted upon by a cam 133 on the shaft 3, a spring 134 also acting upon the lever 131, so as to maintain the antifriction-roller 132 constantly in contact with the cam 133.
  • Hung to studs 136 on the opposite frames 2 of the loom is an angular frame or yoke 137, which has a series of upwardly projecting teeth 138, forming a comb extending across the width of the loom, and said frame 137 is connected by a link 139 to a lever 140, which is hung to a bracket on the fixed frame of the loom and has an antifriction-roller 141, acted upon by a cam 142 on the shaft3, as shown in Fig. 2, springs 143 also acting upon the frame 137, so that the antifriction roller 141 is maintained constantly in contact with the cam 142.
  • the operation of the loom is as follows, the description given applying only to one set of the knot-forming devices, as all of them operate alike:
  • the draft-nippersare first moved very close to the end of the yarn-delivery guide 32, which is in operative position, the jaws of the nippers having previously been opened by the action of the cam 68.
  • the arm 92 is also swung up to its highest point, and the shafts 93 and 94 are turned therein, so that the looping-nippers 96 occupy a vertical position and are opened by the action of the fingers 111 upon the rear arms of said nippers.
  • the shears are also open, so that the parts occupy the relative position shown in Fig. 11.
  • the jaws of the draft-nippers are now closed upon the projecting end of the yarn, and said nippers are moved laterally, so as to draw out an end of yarn between the blades of the shears and between the jaws of the looping-nippers, which are then closed upon the yarn, and the shear blades are brought together, so as to cut ed the projecting end of the yarn, as shown in Fig. 12.
  • the draft-nippers now release their hold upon the yarn, and the looping-nippers descend and at the same time have a downwardly and inwardly swinging movement imparted to them, so that the short length of yarn is looped around a pair of ground-warps, which have been previously elevated above the general line of the warps for this purpose by a proper action of the warp-controlling heddles.
  • the method of operating the warps is one of.
  • the warp is divided into sets containing any desired number of threads, one set for each of the sets of knot-forming devices employed in the loom, and each warp-thread of each set is capable of being raised or lowered without reference to any other thread of the set. For instance,,if a set of warps consists of twelve pairs of threads there will be twenty-four nippers, as shown in Fig. 13.
  • nippers then close upon the yarn, as shown in Fig. 13, and finally rise, so as to draw the heddles are down and all the threads of the warp lie at the bottom of the reed.
  • the looping-nippers then descend and bend the yarn carried thereby around the pair of raised warp-threads and bring its ends together beneath the same, and at the same time the knotting-nippers are thrust forward and separated,'so as to lie one on each side of the yarn above the looping- The knottingfree ends of the yarn up between the warps w and at, as shown in Fig. 14.
  • the loopingnippers having been raised, the knotting-nippers release the knot which they have meantime drawn forward up to the beating up point, as shown in Fig. 15.
  • this binding-shot having been beaten up the shed may be again evenly divided for the insertion of another binding-shot, as many of these binding shots being employed as desired.
  • the loom-frame and its appurtenances are being moved backward on the bed to their original position, and the formation of a'second series of knots extending across the warp is then proceeded with.
  • the knots are formed by looping the pile-yarn around successive pairs of warp-threads; but if it is desired to cause overlapping of the pile-knots one warp-thread of the pair to which one knot is applied may form one of the threads of the pair to which the adjoining knot is applied, the fabric in this case being of the character shown in Fig. 17 g Figs. 21 to 44 show a series of twenty-four cams mounted on the shaft 13 and intended to act, respectively, upon the levers 19 of the twenty-four warp-controlling heddles.
  • the cams for operating the heddles controlling these warps are lettered, respectively, X to X as shown.
  • the mechanism for imparting movement to the shaft 13 is such, as shown in Fig. 3, that for every rotation of the shaft 9 the shaft 13 will have movementto the extent of one-sixteenth of a revolution.
  • Each of the heddle-levers 19 may have a lug or projection-su0h, for instance, as shown at w in Fig. 2lfor being acted upon by the lugs of the cams, so that each lever can be operated by one fractional movement of the cam and quickly released when the cam makes the next fractional movement. Supposing each cam to be divided into sixteen sections, one for each fractional movement of the shaft 13, each of the cams X X X ,&c.
  • to X may have lugs 8 and 8, corresponding with these fractional movements of the shaft 13, so as to raise all of the heddles controlled by these cams on these two fractional movements, the other heddles controlled by the cams X X X", .&c., to X remaining down, and said heddles X X X, &c., to X may have lugs s and 5 corresponding with these fractional movements of the shaft 13, so as to raise all of the heddles controlled thereby during these two fractional movements, the other heddles then remaining down.
  • This provides for the even shedding of the warp for the introduction of the binding-wefts.
  • the lugs for operating the warpthreads in pairs for the reception of the successive knots of tufting-yarn are differently timed, seas to properly raise these warps in succession.
  • cam X has a lug 3, forming a continuation of the lug .9 so as to hold other of a pair of warp-threads intended to .up warp-thread 9: at the commencement of' the range of ordinary mechanical skill, and
  • the warpthreads while being evenly shedded are not raised high enough to interfere with the movement of said knotting devices, the lugs 8 8, and s of the cams, except the lug s of the cam X being in practice slightly lower than the lugs s to s in order to efiect this result.
  • the combination in a loom for weaving tufted pile fabrics, of knot-forming mechanism, means for supplying yarn thereto, provision for lifting pairs of ground warp-threads above the general level of the warp for the reception of the knots, and a beating-up comb acting upon said knots after they have been engaged with the warp, substantially as specified.
  • knot-forming mechanism comprising a pair of looping-nippers and a pair of knotting-nippers, means for supplying yarn to the looping-nippers, provision for lifting above the level of the warp, first one and then the other of a pair of threads intended to receive the knot, mechanism for intermittently altering the lateral relations of the knot forming mechanism and the ground-warp, means for shedding the warp for the introduction of one or more bindingwefts, after the formation of a row of knots, and beating-up devices,substantially as specified.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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US8921699A 1899-03-02 Loom for weaving tufted pile fabrics. Expired - Lifetime US706072A (en)

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FR324803A (fr) 1903-04-10

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