US7005810B2 - Motor driving apparatus - Google Patents

Motor driving apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US7005810B2
US7005810B2 US10/781,818 US78181804A US7005810B2 US 7005810 B2 US7005810 B2 US 7005810B2 US 78181804 A US78181804 A US 78181804A US 7005810 B2 US7005810 B2 US 7005810B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
motor
mover
linear vibration
vibration motor
thrust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US10/781,818
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20040183487A1 (en
Inventor
Mitsuo Ueda
Hideki Nakata
Makoto Yoshida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Assigned to MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. reassignment MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKATA, HIDEKI, UEDA, MITSUO, YOSHIDA, MAKOTO
Publication of US20040183487A1 publication Critical patent/US20040183487A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US7005810B2 publication Critical patent/US7005810B2/en
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/12—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving reciprocating masses
    • B06B1/14—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving reciprocating masses the masses being elastically coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/032—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02—Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0201—Position of the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02—Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0206—Length of piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/04—Motor parameters of linear electric motors
    • F04B2203/0401—Current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/04—Motor parameters of linear electric motors
    • F04B2203/0402—Voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/073—Linear compressors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to motor driving apparatuses and, more particularly, to a motor driving apparatus for driving a linear vibration motor including a mover and a spring member that supports the mover.
  • Conventional equipment using a linear vibration motors include vibration generators that informs incoming calls by mechanical vibration, such as cellular phones, compressors that compress and circulate gas or liquid, and reciprocating electric razors.
  • the compressors and reciprocating electric razors use the linear vibration motors as their driving sources.
  • a typical linear vibration motor has a structure of a single-phase sync motor, i.e., it has a mover comprising a permanent magnet and a stator obtained by winding a coil around an iron core, and the mover reciprocates when an AC voltage is applied to the coil.
  • Japanese Published Patent Application No. Hei. 11-324911 discloses a driving apparatus for driving a linear vibration motor, which includes a detector such as a position sensor for detecting the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor, and reduces the output of the linear vibration motor when the stroke length of the mover becomes larger than a predetermined allowable value, i.e., decreases the amplitude value of the voltage or current applied to the linear vibration motor, thereby preventing the linear vibration motor from being broken due to a collision between the mover and the motor housing or extension of the spring member over a critical value.
  • a detector such as a position sensor for detecting the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor
  • a sensor that can detect the degree of displacement of the mover with respect to a mover reference position such as a mover neutral position (the mover displacement amount) without contacting the mover of the linear vibration motor.
  • a mover reference position such as a mover neutral position (the mover displacement amount) without contacting the mover of the linear vibration motor.
  • a displacement gauge using an eddy current system, a displacement gauge using a differential transformer, or the like is employed.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei. 8-508558 proposes a method of directly measuring driving current and voltage that are supplied to the linear vibration motor, and deriving the position of the mover on the basis of the measured values, without using a position sensor placed in the linear vibration motor.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of a linear vibration motor in which a mover reciprocates.
  • L indicates an equivalent inductance [H] of a coil as a component of the linear vibration motor
  • R indicates an equivalent resistor [ ⁇ ] of the coil
  • V indicates an instantaneous voltage [V] applied to the linear vibration motor
  • I indicates a current [A] applied to the linear vibration motor
  • ⁇ v indicates a induced electromotive voltage [V] which is generated when the linear motor is driven, wherein a is a thrust constant [N/A] of the linear vibration motor, and v is an instantaneous velocity [m/s] of the linear vibration motor.
  • the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor indicates a force [N] which is generated when a unit current [A] is passed through the linear vibration motor. While the unit of the thrust constant ⁇ is expressed by [N/A], this unit is equivalent to [Wb/m] or [V ⁇ s/m].
  • the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 13 is derived from the Kirchhoff's low, and an instantaneous velocity v [m/s] of the mover of the linear vibration motor is obtained from the equivalent circuit.
  • the coefficients ⁇ [N/A], R[ ⁇ ], and L[H] used in formula (1) are constants unique to the motor, and these constants are known values. Accordingly, the instantaneous velocity v[m/s] can be obtained from these constants and the applied voltage V[V] and current I[A] which are measured, on the basis of formula (1).
  • the mover displacement (a distance from an undefined reference position to the mover) x[m] is obtained by time integration of the instantaneous velocity v[m/s] as shown by the following formula (2).
  • the measured value V of the applied voltage and the measured value I of the applied current associated with the linear vibration motor are subjected to arithmetic processing including differentiation based on formula (1) to obtain the instantaneous velocity v of the mover, and further, the instantaneous velocity v is subjected to arithmetic processing including integration based on formula (2), whereby the mover displacement x can be obtained.
  • the mover displacement x obtained by the arithmetic processing based on formulae (1) and (2) is a displacement with respect to a certain position on the mover axis, and a distance from the cylinder head which may be collided by the mover to the mover top dead point cannot be obtained directly from the displacement x.
  • the mover center position (mover amplitude center position) in the mover reciprocating motion is offset with respect to the mover neutral position (i.e., the mover amplitude center position when the pressure in the compression chamber is equal to the back pressure) due to the pressure of a cooling medium gas, and the mover reciprocates around the offset mover amplitude center position.
  • the mover displacement x obtained by formula (2) includes an average component corresponding to the degree of the offset.
  • every actual analog or digital integrator does not perform ideal integration processing for outputting a perfect response signal with respect to a constant or a DC input, but it is restricted in responding to a DC input. Therefore, an actual integrator cannot subject the mover displacement x to integration processing in which its average component is reflected. The reason why the DC response of the actual integrator is restricted is because the output of the integrator should be prevented from being saturated by unavoidable DC components in the input signal.
  • the mover displacement x[m] obtained by the integration processing based on formula (2) using the actual integrator is not a displacement from which an actual distance between the mover and the housing cannot be obtained directly, but a displacement simply indicating the mover position with reference to a certain point on the mover axis.
  • the mover displacement x[m] obtained from formula (2) is converted into a mover displacement x′ indicating a mover position with respect to the mover amplitude center position. Further, using the converted mover displacement x′, arithmetic processing for obtaining a mover displacement with reference to the cylinder head, which indicates the mover amplitude center position, is carried out.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating the mover position in the linear vibration motor.
  • a mover position (mover top dead point position) Ptd in which the mover is closest to the cylinder head is indicated by a displacement xtd on the first coordinate system X
  • a mover position (mover bottom dead point position) Pbd in which the mover is farthest from the cylinder head is indicated by a displacement xbd on the first coordinate system X.
  • both of the pressure in the compression chamber and the pressure on the back of the mover are equal to the cooling medium inlet pressure.
  • suction state i.e., under the state where the inlet valve is open
  • both of the pressure in the compression chamber and the pressure on the back of the mover are equal to the cooling medium inlet pressure.
  • the linear compressor is constructed so that the differential pressure becomes zero under the state where the inlet valve is open.
  • a force from the pressure of the cooling medium that acts on the mover can be ignored. That is, in this state, the forces acting on the mover are only the repulsive force of the spring that is generated by bending of the support spring and the electromagnetic force that is generated by applying a current to the linear vibration motor. According to the Newton's low of motion, the sum of these forces is equal to the product of the total mass of the movable member that is moving, and its acceleration.
  • m is the total mass [kg] of the movable member that is reciprocating
  • a is the instantaneous acceleration [m/s/s] of the movable member
  • k is the spring constant [N/m] of the support spring that is incorporated in the linear vibration motor.
  • xav′′ is the above-mentioned displacement on the third coordinate system X′′, which indicates the mover amplitude center position, and the absolute value of this displacement xav′′ expresses the distance from the cylinder head position Psh to the mover amplitude center position Pav.
  • xini′′ is the displacement on the third coordinate system X′′, which indicates the mover neutral position Pini, and the absolute value of this displacement xini′′ expresses the distance [m] between the mover neutral position (the position of the mover in the state where the support spring is not deformed) Pini and the cylinder head position Psh.
  • the displacement x′[m] on the second coordinate system X′ which indicates the distance from the mover amplitude center position Pav to the mover front end position P, is obtained by setting the constant Const. in formula (2) at 0.
  • the total mass m[kg] of the movable member, the spring constant k[N/m] of the support spring, and the displacement xini′′[m] on the third coordinate system X′′, which indicates the distance from the cylinder head position Psh to the mover neutral position Pini, are known values, and the driving current I can be a measured value.
  • the displacement xav′′ on the third coordinate system X′′ which indicates the distance from the cylinder head position Psh to the mover amplitude center position Pav, can be calculated using formula (3).
  • the mover stroke length Lps[m], and the displacement xtd′′ on the third coordinate system X′′, which indicates the mover top dead point position Ptd as a distance from the cylinder head position Psh, are calculated from the current I and the voltage V which are applied to the linear vibration motor.
  • the motor thrust constant ⁇ employed in the arithmetic operation is decided on the basis of characteristics of the magnet that is used in the linear vibration motor, the result of the arithmetic operation may include an error due to dispersion among units, variations with time, changes caused by heat, and the like.
  • the calculated mover stroke varies by more than 10%.
  • a margin of 10% or more should be given to the clearance between the mover and the cylinder head. Accordingly, the stroke of the mover cannot be enlarged up to a position in which the mover approaches a collision critical position of the mover (i.e., a position where the mover contacts the cylinder head), which has been calculated by the arithmetic operation.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a motor driving apparatus which can calculate the motor thrust constant according to its operation state, thereby detecting the position of the mover with high accuracy.
  • a motor driving apparatus for driving a linear vibration motor having a mover which is reciprocatably provided and a spring member which supports the mover, including: a motor driver having an operating mode for applying a driving voltage to the linear vibration motor so as to activate an operation of the motor, and a non-operating mode for applying a DC voltage to the linear vibration motor so as to generate a thrust of the mover; a thrust information output unit for outputting thrust information indicating the thrust of the mover, which is generated by the application of the DC voltage to the linear vibration motor; a thrust constant calculation unit for calculating a motor thrust constant of the linear vibration motor by performing an arithmetic operation of dividing the thrust indicated by the thrust information, by a DC current that is supplied to the linear vibration motor due to the application of the DC voltage to the linear vibration motor; and a mover position calculation unit for performing position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover on the basis of the calculated motor thrust constant. Therefore, the arithmetic operation for
  • the accuracy of the mover position that is obtained by the position calculation is low due to variations in the thrust constant among different linear vibration motors
  • the motor thrust constant is calculated for each linear vibration motor, whereby the position calculation can be performed without being affected by the variations in the thrust constant among different linear vibration motors.
  • the processing for calculating the motor thrust constant is performed after assembly of the linear vibration motor. Accordingly, the following effect is also achieved with relative to the case where the calculation of the motor thrust constant is performed at the assembly of the linear vibration motor.
  • the processing for calculating the motor thrust constant is performed after the assembly of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, the processes for correcting the motor thrust constant at the assembly are not required.
  • the motor thrust constant is decided in the state where the driving apparatus is combined with the linear vibration motor, even when either the linear vibration motor or the driving apparatus is broken, the thrust constant can be decided after the broken member is changed, whereby all that is needed is the changing of the broken member.
  • the motor driving apparatus of the 1st aspect further includes: a moving distance detection unit for detecting a distance by which the mover has moved as a result of the application of the DC voltage to the linear vibration motor, and the thrust information output unit deciding the mover thrust that is generated by the application of the DC voltage to the linear vibration motor, according to an arithmetic operation of multiplying the moving distance of the mover, detected by the moving distance detection unit, by a spring constant of the spring member, and outputting thrust information which indicates the decided mover thrust. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the motor thrust constant only by detecting the moving distance of the mover, whereby the calculation of the motor thrust constant can be achieved by a simple structure.
  • the calculation of the mover position is performed in the state where the mover is approximately standing still, whereby it is possible to utilize a simple position sensor that has not so high frequency characteristics.
  • the motor driving apparatus of the 1st aspect further includes: a mover position detection unit that, when the mover has arrived at a prescribed position that is a predetermined distance away from a neutral position in which a spring force of the spring member does not act on the mover, outputs a detection signal indicating that the mover has arrived at the prescribed position, in which, when receiving the detection signal, the thrust information output unit outputs the thrust information indicating the mover thrust that is balanced with the spring force of the spring member, which is generated by the application of the DC voltage to the linear vibration motor and acts on the mover that is located at the prescribed position. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the motor thrust constant only by detecting that the mover has arrived at a predetermined position as a result of the application of the DC voltage to the linear vibration motor, whereby the calculation of the thrust constant can be achieved by a simple structure.
  • the state of the mover to be detected is whether the mover is located at a predetermined position or not, in other words, whether the status value of the mover is 0 or 1. Therefore, it is possible to realize the predetermined position arrival detection unit by a simple sensor.
  • the motor driver temporarily changes its mode to the non-operating mode at a start of the operation of the linear vibration motor so as to calculate the motor thrust constant
  • the mover position calculation unit performs the position calculation for obtaining the mover position during the operation of the linear vibration motor, using the motor thrust constant calculated in the non-operating mode at the start of the operation of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, it is possible to use an accurate motor thrust constant corresponding to each linear vibration motor at the calculation of the mover position, thereby increasing the precision in the calculation of the mover position.
  • the processing of calculating the motor thrust constant is performed before the operation of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, the arithmetic operation for calculating the mover position is performed always using a motor thrust constant in the latest state of the linear vibration motor. Accordingly, even when the motor thrust constant varies with time, position calculation with high precision can be achieved.
  • the motor driver temporarily changes its mode to the non-operating mode at an end of the operation of the linear vibration motor so as to calculate the motor thrust constant
  • the mover position calculation unit performs the position calculation for obtaining the mover position during the operation of the linear vibration motor, using the motor thrust constant calculated in the non-operating mode at the end of the previous operation. Therefore, the processing for calculating the motor thrust constant is performed immediately after the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor. That is, the position calculation for obtaining the mover position is performed always using the motor thrust constant in the latest state of the linear vibration motor. Accordingly, even when the motor thrust constant varies with time, it is possible to achieve high precision position calculation.
  • the calculation of the motor thrust constant is performed immediately after the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, the motor thrust constant is calculated in the state where the motor temperature is approximately equal to the actual temperature at the time when the linear vibration motor has been operating. That is, while the motor thrust constant varies with time, it is possible to obtain an accurate motor thrust constant at the operation of the linear vibration motor, by calculating the thrust constant at the temperature when the motor is actually operating. Accordingly, the position calculation for obtaining the mover position can be achieved with high precision.
  • the calculation of the motor thrust constant is performed after the halt of the operation of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the motor thrust constant without hindering the operation of the linear vibration motor.
  • the motor driving apparatus of any of the 1st to 3rd aspects further includes: a temperature detection unit for detecting a temperature of the linear vibration motor; and a motor thrust constant estimation unit for estimating a motor thrust constant that is used at the position calculation for obtaining the mover position during the operation of the linear vibration motor, on the basis of the motor thrust constant calculated by the thrust constant calculation unit and the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit, in which the motor driver temporarily changes its mode to the non-operating mode at a start or end of the operation of the linear vibration motor, or at the start and end of the operation, so as to calculate the motor thrust constant, and the motor thrust constant estimation unit, when the linear vibration motor is not operating, derives a relationship between the temperature of the linear vibration motor and the motor thrust constant on the basis of the motor thrust constant calculated in the non-operating mode and the temperature at that calculation of the motor thrust constant, detected by the temperature detection unit, and, when the linear vibration motor is operating, estimates the motor thrust constant in the operating state of the linear vibration
  • the motor thrust constant of the linear vibration motor in the operating state is estimated from the motor temperature at a time when the linear vibration motor is actually operating. Therefore, even when variations in the temperature of the linear vibration motor are great, the calculation of the mover position can be achieved with high precision by using an accurate thrust constant.
  • an air conditioner equipped with a compressor which has a cylinder and a piston, and compresses a liquid in the cylinder by a reciprocating motion of the piston
  • the air conditioner includes a linear vibration motor for making the piston reciprocate, having a mover which is reciprocatably provided and a spring member which supports the mover; and a motor driving unit for driving the linear vibration motor, which motor driving unit is a motor driving apparatus as defined in any of the 1st to 6th aspects. Therefore, friction loss can be reduced as compared with a conventional rotation-type motor, and further, sealability of the refrigerant between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side is increased, whereby efficiency of the compressor is enhanced.
  • the motor driving apparatus calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor. Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the air conditioner.
  • a refrigerator equipped with a compressor which has a cylinder and a piston, and compresses a liquid in the cylinder by a reciprocating motion of the piston
  • the refrigerator includes a linear vibration motor for making the piston reciprocate, having a mover which is reciprocatably provided and a spring member which supports the mover; and a motor driving unit for driving the linear vibration motor, which motor driving unit is a motor driving apparatus as defined in any of the 1st to 6th aspects. Therefore, friction loss can be reduced as compared with a conventional rotation-type motor, and further, sealability of the refrigerant between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side is increased, whereby efficiency of the compressor is enhanced.
  • the motor driving apparatus calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor. Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the refrigerator.
  • a cryogenic freezer equipped with a compressor which has a cylinder and a piston, and compresses a liquid in the cylinder by a reciprocating motion of the piston
  • the cryogenic freezer includes a linear vibration motor for making the piston reciprocate, having a mover which is reciprocatably provided and a spring member which supports the mover; and a motor driving unit for driving the linear vibration motor, which motor driving unit is a motor driving apparatus as defined in any of the 1st to 6th aspects. Therefore, friction loss can be reduced as compared with a conventional rotation-type motor, and further, sealability of the refrigerant between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side is increased, whereby efficiency of the compressor is enhanced.
  • the motor driving apparatus calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor. Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the cryogenic freezer.
  • a hot-water supply unit equipped with a compressor which has a cylinder and a piston, and compresses a liquid in the cylinder by a reciprocating motion of the piston
  • the hot-water supply unit includes a linear vibration motor for making the piston reciprocate, having a mover which is reciprocatably provided and a spring member which supports the mover; and a motor driving unit for driving the linear vibration motor, which motor driving unit is a motor driving apparatus as defined in any of the 1st to 6th aspects. Therefore, friction loss can be reduced as compared with a conventional rotation-type motor, and further, sealability of the refrigerant between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side is increased, whereby efficiency of the compressor is enhanced.
  • the motor driving apparatus calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor. Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the hot-water supply unit.
  • a handy phone equipped with a linear vibration motor for generating vibration, and a motor driving unit for driving the linear vibration motor, wherein the linear vibration motor having a mover which is reciprocatably provided, and a spring member which supports the mover; and the motor driving unit is a motor driving apparatus as defined in any of the 1st to 6th aspects. Therefore, vibration can be informed to the outside with the two decrees of freedom, i.e., the number of vibrations and the amplitude (vibration), whereby variations of vibration patterns can be increased as compared with the case where vibration is generated using the conventional rotation-type motor.
  • the motor driving apparatus calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the mover with high accuracy during the operation of the linear vibration motor. Accordingly, the clearance between the mover and its peripheral member can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear vibration motor, which leads to miniaturization of the handy phone.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 a according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 b according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 b according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 c according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 c according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 d according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 d according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 e according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 e according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 f according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 f according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of a linear vibration motor according to the present invention and the prior art.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining processing for calculating the position of the mover in the linear vibration motor using an equation of motion.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 207 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram for explaining an air conditioner 208 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram for explaining a refrigerator 209 according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram for explaining a cryogenic freezer 210 according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining a hot-water supply unit 211 according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram for explaining a handy phone 212 according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 a according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 a drives a linear vibration motor 100 having a stator, a mover, and a spring member which supports the mover so as to form a spring vibration system including the mover, at a driving frequency corresponding to a required motor output.
  • This motor driving apparatus 101 a performs position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover on the basis of a driving current and a driving voltage, using a motor thrust constant of the linear vibration motor 100 , and controls the driving of the linear vibration motor according to the obtained position of the mover.
  • the driving frequency of the linear vibration motor is a vibration frequency of the spring vibration system.
  • the stator comprises an electromagnet that is obtained by winding a coil around an iron core
  • the mover comprises a permanent magnet.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 a includes a motor driver 1 a for driving/controlling the linear vibration motor 100 on the basis of position information Ix which indicates the position Xcu 1 of the mover.
  • the motor driver 1 a has two modes, i.e., an operating mode in which the driving voltage is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to activate the linear vibration motor 100 , and a non-operating mode in which a DC voltage Vdc is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to generate a thrust of the mover.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 a further includes a thrust information output unit 3 a (hereinafter, referred to as a thrust detection unit 3 a ) for detecting a thrust Fthr of the mover that is generated by the DC voltage Vdc applied from the motor driver 1 a to the linear vibration motor 100 , and outputting thrust information If which indicates the detected thrust Fthr.
  • a thrust detection unit 3 a for detecting a thrust Fthr of the mover that is generated by the DC voltage Vdc applied from the motor driver 1 a to the linear vibration motor 100 , and outputting thrust information If which indicates the detected thrust Fthr.
  • the thrust Fthr of the mover corresponds to an electromagnetic force that acts on the mover due to application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 a further includes a thrust information calculation unit 4 a (hereinafter, referred to as a thrust constant decision unit 4 a ) that has a current sensor 4 al for detecting a current supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , and decides the motor thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor 100 by an arithmetic operation of dividing the thrust Fthr of the mover generated by the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , by the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , on the basis of the thrust information If and an output Csns from the current sensor, and outputs thrust constant information I ⁇ which indicates the decided thrust constant ⁇ .
  • a thrust constant decision unit 4 a a thrust constant decision unit 4 a
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 a further includes a mover position calculation unit 2 a for performing position calculation of calculating the position of the mover from the driving current and the driving voltage of the linear vibration motor, using the thrust constant ⁇ indicated by the thrust constant information I ⁇ .
  • the motor driver 1 a the mover position calculation unit 2 a , the thrust detection unit 3 a , and the thrust constant decision unit 4 a , which are constituents of the motor driving apparatus 101 a , will be described in more detail.
  • the motor driver 1 a receives a supply voltage (not shown), and applies a driving voltage to the linear vibration motor 100 to drive the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • a driving voltage is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 as the driving voltage
  • an AC current Iac is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 as the driving current.
  • the mover reciprocates at a frequency that is the same as the frequency of the AC voltage Vac.
  • the DC voltage Vdc is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 , the mover is subjected to some electromagnetic force, whereby a thrust Fthr of the mover is generated.
  • the motor driver 1 a decides the level (peak value) of the driving voltage (AC voltage) Vac on the basis of a position signal Ix which indicates the position Xcul of the mover. Further, the motor driver 1 a has a control unit (not shown) for switching between a thrust constant calculation mode (non-operating mode) in which the DC voltage Vdc is applied to the linear vibration motor so as to perform an arithmetic operation for calculating the thrust constant ⁇ , and the operating mode in which the AC voltage Vac is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to perform the normal operation of the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • a thrust constant calculation mode non-operating mode
  • the AC voltage Vac is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to perform the normal operation of the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the mover position calculation unit 2 a obtains the position of the mover by an arithmetic operation during the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 , i.e., in the state where the mover is reciprocating.
  • the thrust detection unit 3 a detects the thrust Fthr of the mover generated by the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the detection of the mover thrust can be performed by a sensor for detecting a force, such as a pressure sensor or a strain gauge, which is attached to the mover or a part that is contacted by the mover.
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 a decides the motor thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor 100 by performing an arithmetic operation of dividing the thrust Fthr indicated by the thrust information If that is outputted from the thrust detection unit 3 a , by the value Idc( 1 ) of the DC current Idc supplied from the motor driver 1 a to the linear vibration motor 100 , and outputs thrust constant information I ⁇ which indicates the decided motor thrust constant ⁇ .
  • the value Idc( 1 ) of the DC current Idc that is used in the arithmetic operation for calculating the motor thrust constant ⁇ is a current value at a time the thrust detection unit 3 a has detected the motor thrust (electromagnetic force exerted on the mover) Fthr. That is, in a case where a pressure sensor that is attached to the housing or the like is employed as the thrust detection unit 3 a , even when the DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 and consequently the mover starts moving, the output from the pressure sensor (i.e., detected value of the electromagnetic force that is exerted on the mover) remains zero until the mover has arrived at the pressure sensor attached to the housing.
  • the method for detecting the DC current Idc there are considered, for example, a method that utilizes a contactless type current sensor, a method that utilizes Shunt resistance, and a method by which the DC current is calculated from the output voltage of the motor driver 1 a and the coil resistance value of the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment. This figure shows an operation of the motor driving apparatus for calculating the thrust constant.
  • the motor driver 1 a applies the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 under the control of the control unit so that the DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 (step S 11 ).
  • the thrust detection unit 3 a detects the electromagnetic force (mover thrust) Fthr that is exerted on the mover of the linear vibration motor in the state where the value Idc( 1 ) of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc is maintained (step S 12 ).
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 a performs an arithmetic operation of dividing the mover thrust Fthr detected in step S 12 , by the value Idc( 1 ) of the DC current Idc passing through the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby obtaining a motor thrust constant ⁇ , to obtain thrust constant information I ⁇ which indicates the motor thrust constant ⁇ (step S 13 ).
  • the motor driver 1 a applies an AC voltage (driving voltage) Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 so that an AC current (driving current) Iac is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 . Thereby, the normal operation of the linear vibration motor 100 is started.
  • the mover position calculation unit 2 a performs position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover on the basis of the AC current (driving current) Iac and the AC voltage (driving voltage) Vac which are applied to the motor driver 1 a , using the motor thrust constant ⁇ obtained from steps S 11 to S 13 , and outputs mover position information Ix which indicates the calculated mover position Xcul to the motor driver 1 a.
  • the motor driver 1 a controls the AC voltage Vac applied to the linear vibration motor 100 on the basis of the mover position information Ix so that the mover that is reciprocating does not exceed its critical position.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 a includes the motor driver 1 a that applies the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , and the thrust detection unit 3 a that detects the thrust of the mover which is generated by the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 . Accordingly, the motor driving apparatus 101 a calculates the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor 100 on the basis of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 due to application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor and the thrust Fthr of the mover detected by the thrust detection unit 3 a . Therefore, a highly accurate mover position can be obtained by the position calculation using the motor thrust constant.
  • the mover position that is obtained by the above-mentioned position calculation has a low accuracy because of the dispersion in the thrust constants of respective linear vibration motors
  • the motor thrust constant is calculated adaptively to each linear vibration motor. Therefore, the position calculation can be performed without being affected by the dispersion in the thrust constants of the respective linear vibration motors. That is, the motor thrust constant used in the position calculation can be set at a proper value corresponding to the respective linear vibration motor, thereby increasing the accuracy of the position calculation.
  • step S 11 to S 13 the calculation of the motor thrust constant (steps S 11 to S 13 ) is performed after assembly of the linear vibration motor to which the motor driving apparatus is connected. Therefore, as compared with the case where the calculation of the motor thrust constant is performed during assembly of the linear vibration motor to which the motor driving apparatus is not connected, the following effect is achieved.
  • the calculated value of the motor thrust constant of each linear vibration motor needs to be held in the motor driving apparatus that is to be combined with each linear vibration motor.
  • the default of the motor thrust constant is set at the calculated value of the motor thrust constant of the linear vibration motor that is to be combined with the motor driving apparatus, by controlling the volume of an active element such as a resistance.
  • the default of the motor thrust constant which is stored in a microcomputer is changed to the value of the motor thrust constant calculated at the assembly, or the default of the motor thrust constant is set at the calculated value of the motor thrust constant by controlling the volume of the active element such as a resistance.
  • the complicated processing for correcting the default of the motor thrust constant of the respective motor driving apparatus at the assembly are required.
  • the default of the motor thrust constant of the motor driving apparatus is set at the calculated value of the motor thrust constant of the linear vibration motor with which the driving apparatus is combined. Therefore, even when one of the motor and the driving apparatus is broken, both of these should be changed.
  • the complicated processing for correcting the default of the motor thrust constant of the motor driving apparatus are not required at the assembly.
  • the value of the motor thrust constant that is held in the motor driving apparatus is set in the state where the driving apparatus is combined with the linear vibration motor. Therefore, even when either the linear vibration motor or the driving apparatus is broken, it is possible to set the motor thrust constant of the motor driving apparatus after the broken member is changed. In other words, when one of the motor and the driving apparatus is broken, all that required is only changing of the broken member.
  • steps S 11 to S 13 is performed before starting the normal operation of the linear vibration motor, while the processing of steps S 11 to S 13 may be performed after ending the normal operation of the linear vibration motor.
  • This processing can be performed in any state so long as the linear vibration motor is not operating.
  • the processing of steps S 11 to S 13 is performed to calculate the motor thrust constant in the state where the mover is not reciprocating, and the calculated value is stored in the microcomputer or the like, thereby holding the calculated motor thrust constant.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a motor driving apparatus 101 b according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 b according to the second embodiment is different from the motor driving apparatus 101 a only in that the apparatus 101 b calculates the motor thrust constant a on the basis of a distance Xmea by which the mover has moved due to application of an DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor and the spring constant of the spring member that supports the mover, and performs the position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover on the basis of the calculated motor thrust constant.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 b includes, in place of the thrust detection unit 3 a in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment, a moving distance detection unit 5 b for detecting a moving distance Xmea by which the mover has moved due to application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , and a thrust detection unit 3 b for detecting a thrust Fthr of the mover which is generated by the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor on the basis of the detected moving distance Xmea and the spring constant k of the spring member that supports the mover.
  • the motor driver 1 a the mover position calculation unit 2 a , the thrust constant decision unit 4 a , and the moving distance detection unit 5 b , and the thrust detection unit 3 b , which are constituents of the motor driving apparatus 101 b , will be described in more detail.
  • the motor driver 1 a , the mover position calculation unit 2 a , and the thrust constant decision unit 4 a of the motor driving apparatus 101 b according to the second embodiment are equivalent to those in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment.
  • the motor driver 1 a applies a DC voltage Vdc of a prescribed level to the linear vibration motor 100 so that a DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , while in the operating mode, the motor driver 1 a applies an AC voltage Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 and controls the level (peak value) of the AC voltage Vac according to the mover position calculated by the mover position calculation unit 2 a.
  • the moving distance detection unit 5 b detects the moving distance Xmea by which the mover has moved due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor in an approximately static state.
  • This unit can be constituted by a differential transformer having not so high frequency characteristics, or the like.
  • a method for measuring the displacement of the mover using a differential transformer there is considered a method by which a magnetic substance is attached to a part of the mover, and the differential transformer is mounted on the housing of the linear vibration motor, thereby measuring the position where the magnetic substance is the closest to the differential transformer by using the differential transformer, as the displacement of the mover.
  • a concrete method for measuring the displacement of the mover in addition to the above-mentioned method that utilizes the differential transformer, there is also considered a method by which an area that acts as a landmark, such as a concave or convex portion or a tapered portion, is formed in a part of the mover, and this area is detected by a gap sensor, thereby measuring the displacement of the mover.
  • a landmark such as a concave or convex portion or a tapered portion
  • the thrust detection unit 3 b obtains the thrust Fthr of the mover that is generated by the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , using an arithmetic operation of multiplying the moving distance Xmea of the mover that is detected by the moving distance detection unit 5 b by the spring constant k of the spring member which is a constituent of the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 b . This figure shows an operation of the motor driving apparatus for calculating the thrust constant.
  • the motor driver 1 a applies a DC voltage Vdc of a prescribed level to the linear vibration motor 100 under the control of the controller so that a DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 (step S 21 ).
  • the moving distance detection unit 5 b detects a distance Xmea by which the mover has moved from its neutral position where the spring force of the spring member does not act on the mover in a state where the value Idc( 2 ) of the DC current Idc supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc is kept constant, and outputs moving distance information Ixmea which indicates the detected moving distance Xmea (step S 22 ).
  • the thrust detection unit 3 b calculates the thrust Fthr of the mover which is generated by the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , by multiplying the moving distance Xmea of the mover indicated by the moving distance information Ixmea that is obtained from the moving distance detection unit 5 b , by the spring constant k of the spring member which is a constituent of the linear vibration motor 100 , and outputs thrust information If that indicates the calculated thrust Fthr (step S 23 ).
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 a calculates the motor thrust constant ⁇ by dividing the mover thrust Fthr detected in step S 23 , by the value Idc( 2 ) of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , and outputs thrust constant information I ⁇ which indicates the calculated thrust constant ⁇ (step S 24 ).
  • the operation of the mover driver 1 a in the operating mode is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover by the mover position calculation unit 2 a is performed using the motor thrust constant ⁇ that is obtained from steps S 21 to S 24 . Then, the motor driver 1 a controls the AC voltage Vac that is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 according to the mover position obtained by the position calculation.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 b for driving the linear vibration motor 100 includes the motor driver 1 a that applies the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , the moving distance detection unit 5 b that detects the moving distance Xmea by which the mover has moved from the neutral position as a result of the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , and the thrust detection unit 3 b that obtains the mover thrust Fthr that is generated by the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 on the basis of the detected moving distance Xmea and the spring constant k of the spring member.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 b calculates the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor 100 on the basis of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 by the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor, and the thrust Fthr of the mover obtained by the thrust detection unit 3 b . Therefore, it is possible to perform the calculation of the motor thrust constant ⁇ only by detecting the moving distance Xmea of the mover, whereby the calculation of the thrust constant ⁇ can be achieved by a simple structure.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 c according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 c according to the third embodiment is different from the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment only in that the apparatus 101 c calculates the motor thrust constant ⁇ on the basis of a value Idc( 3 ) of the DC current Idc when the mover has arrived at a predetermined position as a result of application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , and a drag that is required to keep the mover at the predetermined position against the spring force of the spring member, and performs position calculation for obtaining the mover position on the basis of the calculated motor thrust constant ⁇ .
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 c according to the third embodiment includes, as the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment, a mover position calculation unit 2 a for calculating the position of the mover while the linear vibration motor 100 is operating, and the motor driver 1 a for driving/controlling the linear vibration motor 100 according to the calculated mover position.
  • This motor driving apparatus 101 c further includes a mover position detection unit (hereinafter, referred to as a predetermined position arrival detection unit) 6 c for detecting that the mover has arrived at a predetermined position Pdet as a result of the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , and outputting a detection signal Sp, and a thrust detection unit 3 c for outputting information (thrust information) If indicating a drag that is required to hold the mover against the spring force of the spring member so that the mover is located at the predetermined position which is different from the neutral position.
  • the neutral position is a position where the spring force of the spring member that supports the mover does not act on the mover.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 c further includes a thrust constant decision unit 4 c having a current sensor 4 cl that detects the current that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , for deciding the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor on the basis of the thrust information If from the thrust detection unit 3 c , the detection signal Sp from the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c , and an output Csns from the current sensor 4 cl , and outputting thrust constant information I ⁇ indicating the decided thrust constant ⁇ to the mover position calculation unit 2 a.
  • a thrust constant decision unit 4 c having a current sensor 4 cl that detects the current that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , for deciding the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor on the basis of the thrust information If from the thrust detection unit 3 c , the detection signal Sp from the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c , and an output Csns from the current sensor 4 cl , and outputting thrust constant information I ⁇ indicating the decided thrust constant ⁇ to the
  • the motor driver 1 a the mover position calculation unit 2 a , the thrust detection unit 3 c , the thrust constant decision unit 4 c , and the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c , which are constituents of the motor driving apparatus 101 c , will be described in more detail.
  • the motor driver 1 a and the mover position calculation unit 2 a in the motor driving apparatus 101 c according to the third embodiment are equivalent to those in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment.
  • the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c detects that the mover has arrived at the predetermined position Pdet.
  • the detection signal Sp as an output signal from the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c is a binary signal indicating that the mover has arrived at the predetermined position or that the mover does not arrive at the predetermined position, using a binary value (i.e., signal value [1] or [0]).
  • a Hall element that outputs a binary signal having a value of [1] or [0] is utilized as the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c .
  • the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c is not restricted to the Hall element.
  • the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c can be designed so as to generate some vibrations when the mover has arrived at the predetermined position. In this case, the thrust information decision unit 4 c detects these vibrations.
  • the arrival of the mover to a predetermined position can be detected by detecting vibration generated by a contact between the cylinder head and the mover.
  • the contact between the mover and other member may be detected by a method in which a deformable member, for example a needle-shaped metallic member having an elasticity, is fixed to a part of the linear vibration motor, which does not move even when the mover is displaced, and vibration resulting from the contact between the metallic member and the mover or a part such as a spring member that is displaced according to the motion of the mover is detected.
  • the part of the linear vibration motor to which this deformable member is fixed is not restricted to a position where the mover constantly reaches during the operation, but may be a position where the mover never reaches during the normal operation.
  • the mover would contact the deformable member only when the thrust constant is detected during the non-operating mode. Therefore, the deterioration of the deformable member due to the contact can be minimized, thereby increasing the reliability.
  • a common vibration sensor can be utilized as a sensor for detecting the vibration resulting from the contact between the mover and the deformable member.
  • the above-mentioned method for detecting that the mover has arrived at the predetermined position detects the vibration resulting from the contact between the mover and the deformable member.
  • this method may detect an electric signal that is generated due to a contact between the mover and other member.
  • a switch that closes a contact point when the mover and other member contact.
  • the thrust detection unit 3 c outputs thrust information If which indicates, as the thrust Fthr of the mover, a previously calculated drag that is required to hold the mover at the predetermined position other than the neutral position against the spring force of the spring member which supports the mover.
  • the thrust indicated by the thrust information If from the thrust detection unit 3 c is the product of the distance from the neutral position (i.e., the position of the mover when no force is applied to the linear vibration motor) to the predetermined position Pdet, and the spring constant k of the support spring which is a constituent of the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 c detects a value Idc( 3 ) of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 when the detection signal Sp indicating that the mover has arrived at the predetermined position is inputted from the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c , then performs an arithmetic operation of dividing the mover thrust Fthr indicated by the thrust information If that is outputted from the thrust detection unit 3 c , by the detected current value Idc( 3 ) thereby to decide the motor thrust constant ⁇ , and outputs thrust constant information I ⁇ which indicates the motor thrust constant ⁇ .
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 c according to the third embodiment. This figure shows an operation of the motor driving apparatus for calculating the thrust constant.
  • the motor driver 1 a applies the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 so that the DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 (step S 31 ). At this time, the level of the DC current Idc supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 is increased gradually in stages.
  • the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c outputs a binary signal indicating that the mover has arrived at the predetermined position, i.e., outputs a detection signal Sp having a value [1] (step S 32 ).
  • the thrust detection unit 3 c outputs thrust information If which indicates, as the thrust Fthr of the mover, a previously calculated drag that is required to keep the mover at the predetermined position against the spring force of the spring member that supports the mover (step S 33 ).
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 c detects a value Idc( 3 ) of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 when the detection signal Sp is inputted from the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c , then performs an arithmetic operation of dividing the thrust Fthr indicated by the thrust information If from the thrust detection unit 3 c by the current value Idc( 3 ), thereby to decide the motor thrust constant ⁇ , and outputs thrust constant information I ⁇ indicating the thrust constant ⁇ (step S 34 ).
  • the operation of the mover driver 1 a in the operating mode is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
  • the position calculation for obtaining the mover position by the mover position calculation unit 2 a is performed using the motor thrust constant ⁇ obtained from steps S 31 to S 34 , and then the motor driver 1 a controls the AC voltage Vac applied to the linear vibration motor 100 according to the mover position obtained by the position calculation.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 c includes the motor driver 1 a which applies the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c which detects that the mover has arrived at the predetermined position Pdet as a result of the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 and outputs the detection signal Sp, and the thrust detection unit 3 c that outputs the information (thrust information) If which indicates, as the mover thrust Fthr, a drag that is required to hold the mover at the predetermined position Pdet against the spring force of the spring member.
  • this apparatus calculates the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor on the basis of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , and the mover thrust indicated by the thrust information If from the thrust detection unit 3 c . Therefore, it is possible to calculate the motor thrust constant ⁇ only by detecting that the mover has arrived at the predetermined position as a result of the application of the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , whereby the calculation of the thrust constant can be realized by a simple structure.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 c detects the state of the mover for detecting whether the mover is located at the predetermined position Pdet or not. In other words, the motor driving apparatus is required to detect whether the state amount is 0 or 1. Therefore, it is possible to constitute the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c by a simple sensor.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 d according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 d according to the fourth embodiment is different from the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment only in that the apparatus 101 d calculates the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor 100 immediately before the operation of the linear vibration motor and, while the linear vibration motor 100 is operating, performs position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover on the basis of the motor thrust constant ⁇ that has been calculated immediately before the operation.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 d includes, in place of the motor driver 1 a in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment, a motor driver 1 d having two modes, i.e., an operating mode for applying a driving voltage (AC voltage) Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to activate the linear vibration motor 100 , and a thrust constant calculation mode (non-operating mode) for applying the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , which detects a start instruction Od 1 of the linear vibration motor 100 and temporarily goes into the thrust constant calculation mode at the start of the operation of the linear vibration motor so as to calculate the motor thrust constant ⁇ .
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 d further includes a control unit (not shown) that outputs the start instruction Od 1 of the linear vibration motor 100 according to a user operation.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 d according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows an operation of the motor driving apparatus for calculating the motor thrust constant ⁇ .
  • the motor driver 1 d detects the start instruction Od 1 of the linear vibration motor 100 , i.e., detects information that indicates start of a reciprocating motion of the mover, and performs the control so that the operation mode temporarily is changed to the thrust constant calculation mode, whereby the linear vibration motor goes into a temporary halt state (step S 41 ).
  • the motor driver 1 d applies the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 so that the DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 (step S 42 ).
  • the thrust detection unit 3 a detects an electromagnetic force (thrust of the mover) Fthr that acts on the mover of the linear vibration motor in a state where a value Idc( 4 ) of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc is maintained (step S 43 ).
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 a performs an arithmetic operation of dividing the thrust Fthr of the mover detected in step S 43 , by the value Idc( 4 ) of the DC current Idc passing through the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby to obtain the motor thrust constant ⁇ (step S 44 ).
  • the operation mode of the motor driver 1 d is changed from the thrust constant calculation mode to the operating mode, in which the motor driver 1 d applies the AC voltage Vac as a driving voltage to the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the reciprocating motion of the mover of the linear vibration motor is started to perform the normal operation of the linear vibration motor (step S 45 ).
  • the mover position calculation unit 2 a performs an arithmetic operation of calculating the mover position from the AC voltage Vac and the AC current Iac which are applied to the linear vibration motor 100 , on the basis of the calculated motor thrust constant ⁇ , and then the motor driver 1 a controls the AC voltage Vac applied to the linear vibration motor 100 on the basis of the calculated mover position, so that the mover that is reciprocating does not exceed its critical position.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 d according to the fourth embodiment for driving the linear vibration motor 100 includes the motor driver 1 d having two modes, i.e., the operating mode for applying the driving voltage Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to start the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 and the thrust constant calculation mode for applying the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , which detects a start instruction Od 1 of the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby temporarily changing its operation mode to the thrust constant calculation mode so as to calculate the motor thrust constant at the start of the operation of the linear vibration motor, and calculates the motor thrust constant of the linear vibration motor immediately before the operation. Therefore, it is possible to use a proper value of the motor thrust constant corresponding to the respective linear vibration motor at the calculation of the mover position, thereby increasing the accuracy of the mover position calculation.
  • the processing for calculating the motor thrust constant is performed immediately before the operation of the linear vibration motor, whereby the processing for calculating the mover position can be performed always using the motor thrust constant in the latest state of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, even when the motor thrust constant varies with time, high accuracy position calculation can be performed.
  • the description has been given of the motor driving apparatus 101 d that includes, in place of the motor driver 1 a in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment, the motor driver 1 d having two modes, i.e., the operating mode and the thrust constant calculation mode, which detects a start instruction of the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby temporarily changing its operation mode to the thrust constant calculation mode so as to perform the calculation of the motor thrust constant ⁇ at the start of the operation of the linear vibration motor.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 d may includes the above-mentioned motor driver 1 d , in place of the motor driver 1 a of the motor driving apparatus 101 c according to the second embodiment or third embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 e according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 e according to the fifth embodiment is different from the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment only in that the apparatus 101 e calculates the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor 100 immediately after the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 and, while the linear vibration motor 100 is operating, performs position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover using the motor thrust constant ⁇ calculated immediately after the end of the previous operation.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 e includes, in place of the motor driver 1 a of the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment, a motor driver 1 e that has two modes, i.e., an operating mode of applying a driving voltage (AC voltage) Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to start the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 , and a thrust constant calculation mode (non-operating mode) of applying the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , and detects a halt instruction Od 2 of the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby temporarily changing its operation mode to the thrust constant calculation mode so that the calculation of the motor thrust constant ⁇ is performed immediately after the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 e further includes a control unit (not shown) that outputs the halt instruction Od 2 of the linear vibration motor 100 according to a user operation.
  • the mover position calculation unit 2 a in the motor driving apparatus 101 e utilizes the motor thrust constant that has been calculated immediately after the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor, in the arithmetic operation for calculating the position of the mover during the next operation of the linear vibration motor.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 e according to the fifth embodiment. This figure shows an operation of the motor driving apparatus for calculating the motor thrust constant ⁇ .
  • step S 51 When detecting a halt instruction Od 2 that instructs a halt of the operation of the linear vibration motor (step S 51 ), the motor driver 1 e stops applying the driving voltage (AC voltage) Vac to the linear vibration motor.
  • the motor driver 1 e temporarily changes its operation mode to the thrust constant calculation mode, thereby applying the DC voltage Vdc so that the DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 (step S 52 ).
  • the thrust detection unit 3 a detects an electromagnetic force (thrust of the mover) Fthr that acts on the mover of the linear vibration motor in the state where the value Idc( 5 ) of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc is maintained (step S 53 ).
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 a performs an arithmetic operation of dividing the mover thrust Fthr detected in step S 53 , by the value Idc( 5 ) of the DC current Idc passing through the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby calculating the motor thrust constant ⁇ (step S 54 ).
  • the motor driver 1 e applies the AC voltage Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 as a driving voltage. Thereby, the normal operation of the linear vibration motor 100 is performed.
  • the mover position calculation unit 2 a While the linear vibration motor 100 is operating, the mover position calculation unit 2 a performs position calculation for obtaining the mover position using the motor thrust constant ⁇ that has been obtained in step S 51 to S 54 after the end of the previous operation, and the motor driver 1 e controls the AC voltage Vac that is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 according to the mover position obtained by the position calculation so that the mover that is reciprocating does not exceed its critical position.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 e includes the motor driver 1 e having two modes, i.e., the operating mode of applying the driving voltage Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to activate the linear vibration motor 100 and the thrust constant calculation mode of applying the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , which detects a halt instruction Od 2 of the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby temporarily changing its operation mode to the thrust constant calculation mode so that the calculation of the motor thrust constant is performed at the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor.
  • the motor driver 1 e having two modes, i.e., the operating mode of applying the driving voltage Vac to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to activate the linear vibration motor 100 and the thrust constant calculation mode of applying the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 , which detects a halt instruction Od 2 of the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby temporarily changing its operation mode to the thrust constant calculation mode so that the calculation of the motor thrust constant is performed at the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor.
  • this apparatus calculates the motor thrust constant of the linear vibration motor immediately after the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor, and utilizes the calculated motor thrust constant in the position calculation for obtaining the position of the mover during the next operation of the linear vibration motor. Accordingly, it is possible to use a proper value of the motor thrust constant corresponding to the respective linear vibration motor at the mover position calculation, thereby increasing the accuracy in the mover position calculation.
  • the processing for calculating the motor thrust constant is performed immediately after the end of the operation of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, the position calculation for obtaining the mover position is performed always using the motor thrust constant in the latest state of the linear vibration motor, whereby even when the motor thrust constant varies with time, a high accuracy position calculation can be achieved.
  • the motor thrust constant is calculated in a state where the temperature of the motor is approximately the same as the temperature while the linear vibration motor has been actually working. That is, although the motor thrust constant varies according to the temperature, a correct motor thrust constant during the operation of the linear vibration motor can be obtained by calculating the thrust constant at a temperature when the motor is actually working. Accordingly, the position calculation for obtaining the mover position can be achieved with high accuracy.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 e may include the motor driver 1 e in place of the motor driver 1 a in the motor driving apparatus 101 c according to the second or third embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram for explaining a motor driving apparatus 101 f according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f according to the sixth embodiment is different from the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment only in that the apparatus 101 f derives a relationship between the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor and the motor temperature T (thrust constant-temperature function) Q in a non-operating state of the linear vibration motor 100 and, while the linear vibration motor 100 is operating, estimates the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) in the operating state of the linear vibration motor 100 from a detected motor temperature T(d) based on the thrust constant-temperature function Q, thereby performing the position calculation for obtaining the mover position using the estimated motor thrust constant ⁇ (d).
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f includes a motor driver 1 f that has an operating mode of applying a driving voltage to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to activate the linear vibration motor 100 , and a non-operating mode (thrust constant calculation mode) of applying a DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 so that the thrust Fthr of the mover of the linear vibration motor 100 is generated, and temporarily changes its operation mode to the non-operating mode at the start and end of the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 in a state where the linear vibration motor 100 is not operating.
  • a motor driver 1 f that has an operating mode of applying a driving voltage to the linear vibration motor 100 so as to activate the linear vibration motor 100 , and a non-operating mode (thrust constant calculation mode) of applying a DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 so that the thrust Fthr of the mover of the linear vibration motor 100 is generated, and temporarily changes its operation mode to the non-operating mode at the start and end of the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 in a state where the
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f further includes a control unit (not shown) that generates a timing signal Ts at prescribed intervals, for example at intervals of 30 minutes or one hour, and outputs a start instruction Od 1 and a halt instruction Od 2 of the linear vibration motor 100 according to the user operation, and an operation judging unit (not shown) that, when detecting one of the timing signal Ts, the start instruction Od 1 and the halt instruction Od 2 , judges whether the linear vibration motor 100 is operating or not, i.e., whether the mover is in an operating state or in a halting state.
  • the motor driver 1 f temporarily changes its operation mode to the non-operating mode when the linear vibration motor is at rest, while when the linear vibration motor is not at rest, the motor driver 1 f temporarily changes the operation mode to the non-operating mode after the linear vibration motor has stopped. Further, when the halt instruction Od 2 of the linear vibration motor 100 from outside is detected in the state where the driving voltage Vac is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 , the motor driver 1 f temporarily changes its operation mode to the non-operating mode after the linear vibration motor has stopped.
  • a driving voltage for example, AC voltage Vac
  • the motor driver 1 f temporarily changes its operation mode to the non-operating mode, while in the case where the linear vibration motor is not standing still when the timing signal is detected, the motor driver 1 f temporarily changes its operation mode to the non-operating mode after the operation of the linear vibration motor has stopped.
  • the motor driver 1 f temporarily changes the operation mode to the non-operating mode at the start and end of the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 , while the motor driver 1 f may temporarily change its operation mode to the non-operating mode at either the start or end of the operation of the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f has a temperature detection unit 7 f for detecting the temperature (motor temperature) T of the linear vibration motor 100 and outputting temperature information It which indicates the detected motor temperature T.
  • the temperature detection unit 7 f comprises a temperature sensor that is mounted on the linear vibration motor 100 , and the like.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f includes a thrust detection unit 3 a for detecting a thrust Fthr of the mover, which is generated by the DC voltage Vdc applied to the linear vibration motor 100 , and outputting information (thrust information) If indicating the thrust Fthr of the mover, and a thrust constant decision unit 4 f for deciding a thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor 100 , on the basis of the detected thrust Fthr of the mover and the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 by the application of the DC voltage Vdc.
  • the thrust detection unit 3 a is the same as that in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment.
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 f performs an arithmetic operation of dividing the mover thrust Fthr detected by the thrust detection unit 3 a , by a current value Idc( 6 ) of the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby deciding the motor thrust constant ⁇ , and outputs thrust constant information I ⁇ which indicates the decided motor thrust constant ⁇ .
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f further includes a thrust constant estimation unit 8 f that derives, in the non-operating state of the linear vibration motor 100 , a relationship (thrust constant-temperature function) ⁇ between the motor thrust constant ⁇ and the motor temperature T that has been detected at the calculation of the motor thrust constant ⁇ on the basis of the thrust constant information I ⁇ from the thrust constant decision unit 4 f and the motor temperature information It from the temperature detection unit 7 f and, in the operating state of the linear vibration motor 100 , estimates the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) of the operating state on the basis of the motor temperature T(d) that has been detected in the operating state, according to the derived thrust constant-temperature function Q; and a mover position calculation unit 2 f for performing an arithmetic operation for calculating the position Xcul of the mover while the linear vibration motor is operating, using the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) that has been obtained in the processing by the thrust constant estimation unit 8 f.
  • a thrust constant estimation unit 8 f that derives, in
  • the thrust constant-temperature function Q may be a linear function with the calculated motor thrust constant ⁇ and the detected motor temperature T being taken as variables, or a 2D matrix that indicates correspondences between the motor thrust constant ⁇ and the motor temperature T.
  • the mover position calculation unit 2 f obtains the position of the mover by an arithmetic operation while the linear vibration motor 100 is operating.
  • the method as described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei. 8-508558 that has been explained as the prior art is employed, in which the position of the mover is calculated according to the equation of motion for the linear vibration motor 100 .
  • the thrust constant that is used in the arithmetic operation for calculating the mover position by this mover position calculation unit 2 f is the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) in the operating state, which is obtained by the motor thrust constant estimation unit 8 f.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the motor driving apparatus 101 f according to the sixth embodiment. This figure shows an operation of the motor driving apparatus for deriving the thrust constant-temperature function Q and estimating the motor thrust constant.
  • this motor driving apparatus 101 f when one of the timing signal, the start instruction, and the halt instruction of the linear vibration motor 100 is detected, either the processing for deriving the thrust constant-temperature function Q or the processing for estimating the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) in the operating state is performed according to whether the linear vibration motor 100 is operating or not.
  • the operation judging unit (not shown) in the motor driving apparatus 101 f judges whether the linear vibration motor 100 is operating or not (step S 61 ).
  • step S 61 When it is judged in step S 61 that the linear vibration motor 100 is not operating, the motor driver 1 f changes its operation mode to the non-operating mode, thereby applying the DC voltage Vdc to the linear vibration motor 100 so that the DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 (step S 62 ).
  • the thrust detection unit 3 a detects an electromagnetic force (thrust of the mover) Fthr that acts on the mover of the linear vibration motor 100 in the state where the value Idc( 6 ) of the DC current Idc is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 due to the application of the DC voltage Vdc is maintained (step S 63 ).
  • the thrust constant decision unit 4 f performs an arithmetic operation of dividing the thrust Fthr of the mover detected in step S 63 , by the value Idc( 6 ) of the DC current Idc that passes through the linear vibration motor 100 , thereby obtaining the motor thrust constant ⁇ (step S 64 ).
  • the temperature detection unit 7 f detects the motor temperature T(s) in the non-operating state, and the thrust constant estimation unit 8 f generates a correspondence (thrust constant-temperature function) Q between the motor temperature T and the motor thrust constant ⁇ on the basis of the temperature information It which indicates the motor temperature T(s) and the thrust constant information I ⁇ from the thrust constant decision unit 4 f (step S 65 ).
  • step S 61 when it is judged in step S 61 that the linear vibration motor 100 is operating, the temperature detection unit 7 f detects the temperature T(d) of the linear vibration motor 100 being operating (step S 66 ), and the thrust constant estimation unit 8 f estimates the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) of the linear vibration motor being operating, on the basis of the relationship (thrust constant-temperature function) Q between the motor temperature T and the motor thrust constant ⁇ obtained in step S 65 and the motor temperature T(d) in the operating state detected in step S 66 , and outputs information I ⁇ (d) indicating the estimated motor thrust constant to the mover position calculation unit 2 f (step S 67 ).
  • the mover position calculation unit 2 f performs position calculation for obtaining the mover position on the basis of the driving current and the driving voltage which are applied to the linear vibration motor 100 , using the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) in the operating state, which has been obtained from steps S 61 to S 67 , and outputs mover position information Ix which indicates the obtained mover position Xcul to the motor driver 1 f .
  • the motor driver 1 f controls the driving voltage applied to the linear vibration motor 100 on the basis of the mover position information Ix, so that the mover which is reciprocating does not exceed its critical position.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f for driving the linear vibration motor 100 includes the thrust detection unit 3 a that detects the mover thrust Fthr generated by the DC voltage Vdc that is applied to the linear vibration motor 100 , the thrust constant decision unit 4 f that decides the motor thrust constant ⁇ on the basis of the detected mover thrust Fthr and the DC current Idc that is supplied to the linear vibration motor 100 , the temperature detection unit 7 f that detects the temperature of the linear vibration motor, and the thrust constant estimation unit 8 f that derives, in the state where the linear vibration motor is not operating, the relationship Q between the motor thrust constant a and the motor temperature T on the basis of the detected motor temperature T and the decided motor thrust constant ⁇ and, in the state where the linear vibration motor is operating, estimates the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) in the operating state according to the thrust constant-temperature function Q on the basis of the motor temperature T(d) detected in the operating state. Therefore, the calculation of the mover position in the state where the linear vibration motor is operating
  • the processing for calculating the motor thrust constant is performed immediately before and immediately after the operation of the linear vibration motor. Therefore, the position calculation is performed always on the basis of the motor thrust constant in the latest state of the linear vibration motor. Accordingly, even when the motor thrust constant varies with time, a high accuracy calculation of the mover position can be achieved.
  • the position calculation can be achieved with high accuracy using a proper thrust constant even in the state where temperature variations in the linear vibration motor are great.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f according to the sixth embodiment may includes, in place of the above-mentioned thrust detection unit 3 a , the moving distance detection unit 5 b and the thrust detection unit 3 b of the motor driving apparatus 101 b according to the second embodiment.
  • the motor driving apparatus 101 f according to the sixth embodiment may include, in place of the thrust detection unit 3 a , the predetermined position arrival detection unit 6 c and the thrust detection unit 3 c according to the third embodiment, and the thrust constant decision unit 4 f that decides the thrust constant ⁇ of the linear vibration motor in the same manner as the thrust constant decision unit 4 c according to the third embodiment.
  • the thrust constant estimation unit 8 f performs the processing of estimating the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) in the operating state, when one of the timing signal, the start instruction, and the end instruction is detected.
  • the thrust constant estimation unit 8 f may performs the processing of estimating the motor thrust constant ⁇ (d) in the operating state only when the timing signal is detected.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining a compressor driving apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • a compressor driving apparatus 207 drives a compressor 40 for compressing air, gas, or the like.
  • a power source of the compressor 40 is a linear vibration motor 46 which is identical to the linear vibration motor 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the compressor driving apparatus 207 is a motor driving apparatus for driving the linear vibration motor 46 , and it has the same construction as the motor driving apparatus 101 a of the first embodiment.
  • the compressor 40 according to this seventh embodiment is referred to as a linear compressor, and this linear compressor 40 will be briefly described.
  • the linear compressor 40 has a cylinder section 41 a and a motor section 41 b which are adjacent to each other along a predetermined axis line.
  • a piston 42 which is slidably supported along the axis direction is placed in the cylinder section 41 a .
  • a piston rod 42 a an end of which is fixed to the rear side of the piston 42 is placed across the cylinder section 41 a and the motor section 41 b , and a support spring 43 which applies a force to the piston rod 42 a in the axis direction is provided on the other end of the piston rod 42 a.
  • a magnet 44 is fixed to the piston rod 42 a
  • an electromagnet 45 comprising an outer yoke 45 a and a stator coil 45 b embedded in the outer yoke 45 a is fixed to a portion of the motor section 41 b which is opposed to the magnet 44 .
  • the linear vibration motor 46 is constituted by the electromagnet 45 and the magnet 44 fixed to the piston rod 42 a . Accordingly, in the linear compressor 40 , the piston 42 reciprocates in its axis direction due to an electromagnetic force generated between the electromagnet 45 and the magnet 44 , and elasticity of the spring 43 .
  • a compression chamber 48 is formed, which is a closed space surrounded by a cylinder upper portion inner wall 47 a , a piston compression wall 42 b , and a cylinder peripheral wall 47 b .
  • An end of an inlet tube 40 a for sucking a low-pressure gas Lg into the compression chamber 48 is opened at the cylinder upper portion inner wall 47 a .
  • an end of a discharge tube 40 b for discharging a high-pressure gas Hg from the compression chamber 48 is opened at the cylinder upper portion inner wall 47 a .
  • An inlet valve 49 a and a discharge valve 49 b for preventing back flow of the gas are fixed to the inlet tube 40 a and the discharge tube 40 b , respectively.
  • the piston 42 reciprocates in its axis direction by application of the driving voltage from the motor driving apparatus 207 to the linear vibration motor 46 , whereby suction of the low-pressure gas Lg into the compression chamber 48 , compression of the gas in the compression chamber 48 , and discharge of the compressed high-pressure gas Hg from the compression chamber 48 are repeatedly carried out.
  • the motor driving apparatus 207 calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor, as in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor 40 . Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram for explaining an air conditioner according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • An air conditioner 208 according to the eighth embodiment has an indoor unit 55 and an outdoor unit 56 , and performs cooling and heating.
  • the air conditioner 208 comprises a linear compressor 50 a for circulating a refrigerant between the indoor unit 55 and the outdoor unit 56 , and a compressor driving unit 50 b for driving the linear compressor 50 a .
  • the compressor 50 a is identical to the linear compressor 40 having the linear vibration motor 46 according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the compressor driving unit 50 b is a motor driving unit which applies the driving voltage Vd to the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 50 a , and it is identical in construction as the motor driving apparatus 207 according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the air conditioner 208 has the linear compressor 50 a , a four-way valve 54 , a throttle (expansion valve) 53 , an indoor heat exchanger 51 , an outdoor heat exchanger 52 , which forms a refrigerant circulation path, and the motor driving unit 50 b for driving the linear vibration motor as a driving source of the linear compressor 50 a.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 51 constitutes the indoor unit 55
  • the throttle 53 the outdoor heat exchanger 52 , the linear compressor 50 a , the four-way valve 54 , and the motor driving unit 50 b constitute the outdoor unit 56 .
  • the indoor heat exchanger 51 has an air blower 51 a for increasing the efficiency of heat exchange, and a temperature sensor 51 b for measuring the temperature of the heat exchanger 51 or the ambient temperature thereof.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 52 has an air blower 52 a for increasing the efficiency of heat exchange, and a temperature sensor 52 b for measuring the temperature of the heat exchanger 52 or the ambient temperature thereof.
  • the linear compressor 50 a and the four-way valve 54 are placed in the refrigerant path between the indoor heat exchanger 51 and the outdoor heat exchanger 52 . That is, in this air conditioner 208 , the four-way valve 54 switches between two states as follows: the state where the refrigerant flows in the direction of arrow A, the refrigerant that has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 52 is sucked into the linear compressor 50 a , and the refrigerant discharged from the linear compressor 50 a is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 51 , and the state where the refrigerant flows in the direction of arrow B, the refrigerant that has passed through the indoor heat exchanger 51 is sucked into the linear compressor 50 a , and the refrigerant discharged from the linear compressor 50 a is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 52 .
  • the throttle 53 has both the function of reducing the flow rate of the circulating refrigerant, and the function as a valve for automatically controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant. That is, under the state where the refrigerant is circulating in the refrigerant circulation path, the throttle 53 reduces the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant outputted from a condenser to an evaporator to expand the liquid refrigerant, and supplies a proper amount of refrigerant that is required for the evaporator.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 51 operates as a condenser during heating and as an evaporator during cooling.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 52 operates as an evaporator during heating and as a condenser during cooling.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas flowing therein loses heat to the air blown into the condenser, and gradually liquefies, resulting in a high-pressure liquid refrigerant in the vicinity of the outlet of the condenser. This is equivalent to that the refrigerant radiates heat into the air to liquefy. Further, the liquid refrigerant whose temperature and pressure are reduced by the throttle 53 flows into the evaporator.
  • the liquid refrigerant takes a great amount of heat from the air and evaporates, resulting in a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the air which has lost a great amount of heat in the evaporator is discharged as cool air from the blowoff port of the air conditioner.
  • the motor driving unit 50 b controls the output of the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 50 a on the basis of the operating conditions of the air conditioner, i.e., the target temperature set on the air conditioner and the actual room temperature and outdoor temperature.
  • the air conditioner 208 when the driving voltage Vd is supplied from the motor drive control unit 50 b to the linear compressor 50 a , the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation path, and heat exchange is carried out in the heat exchanger 51 of the indoor unit 55 and the heat exchanger 52 of the outdoor unit 56 . That is, in the air conditioner 208 , a well-known heat pump cycle is formed in the refrigerant circulation path by circulating the refrigerant sealed in the circulation path with the linear compressor 50 a . Thereby, heating or cooling for a room is carried out.
  • the four-way valve 54 is set by user operation so that the refrigerant flows in the direction of arrow A.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 51 operates as a condenser, and discharges heat due to circulation of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path. Thereby, the room is heated.
  • the four-way valve 54 is set by user operation so that the refrigerant flows in the direction of arrow B.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 51 operates as an evaporator, and absorbs heat from the ambient air due to circulation of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path. Thereby, the room is cooled.
  • the motor driving unit 50 b controls the output of the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 50 a on the basis of the target temperature set on the air conditioner and the actual room temperature and outdoor temperature. Thereby, the air conditioner 208 performs comfortable cooling and heating.
  • the compressor (linear compressor) 50 a having the linear vibration motor as a power source is used as the compressor for compressing and circulating a refrigerant, friction loss in the compressor is reduced as compared with an air conditioner using a compressor having a rotation-type motor as a power source, and furthermore, sealability of the compressor for sealing a high-pressure refrigerant and a low-pressure refrigerant is enhanced, resulting an increase in efficiency of the compressor.
  • the compressor 50 a using the linear vibration motor according to the eighth embodiment since friction loss is reduced, the amount of use of lubricating oil that is indispensable in the compressor using the rotation-type motor can be significantly reduced. Thereby, the amount of waste oil that needs recycling or the like can be reduced, and the amount of refrigerant to be filled in the compressor can be reduced because the amount of refrigerant that dissolves into the oil is reduced, resulting in a contribution to conservation of global environment.
  • the motor driving unit 50 b calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor, as in the motor driving apparatus 207 according to the seventh embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor 50 a . Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the air conditioner.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram for explaining a refrigerator according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a refrigerator 209 of this ninth embodiment comprises a linear compressor 60 a , a compressor driving unit 60 b , a condenser 61 , an evaporator 62 , and a throttle 63 .
  • the linear compressor 60 a , the condenser 61 , the throttle 63 , and the evaporator 62 form a refrigerant circulation path
  • the compressor driving unit 60 b is a motor driving unit for driving a linear vibration motor as a driving source of the linear compressor 60 a .
  • the linear compressor 60 a and the motor driving unit 60 b are identical to the linear compressor 40 and the motor driving apparatus 207 according to the seventh embodiment, respectively.
  • the throttle 63 reduces the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant outputted from the condenser 61 to expand the liquid refrigerant, and supplies a proper amount of refrigerant to the evaporator 62 , under the state where the refrigerant is circulating in the refrigerant circulation path.
  • the condenser 61 condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas flowing therein, and discharges heat of the refrigerant to the outside air.
  • the refrigerant gas introduced in the condenser 61 loses heat to the outside air and gradually liquefies, resulting in a high-pressure liquid refrigerant in the vicinity of the outlet of the condenser.
  • the evaporator 62 evaporates the low-temperature refrigerant liquid to cool the inside of the refrigerator.
  • the evaporator 62 has an air blower 62 a for increasing efficiency of heat exchange, and a temperature sensor 62 b for detecting the temperature inside the refrigerator.
  • the motor driving unit 60 b controls the output of the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 60 a on the basis of the operating conditions of the refrigerator, i.e., the target temperature set on the refrigerator and the temperature inside the refrigerator.
  • the linear compressor 60 a when a driving voltage Vd is supplied from the motor driving unit 60 b to the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 60 a , the linear compressor 60 a is operated and the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation path in the direction of arrow C, and thereby heat exchange is carried out in the condenser 61 and in the evaporator 62 . Thus, the inside of the refrigerator is cooled.
  • the refrigerant is liquefied in the condenser 61 , and the flow rate of the refrigerant is reduced by the throttle 63 to expand the refrigerant, resulting in a low-temperature liquid refrigerant.
  • the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is sent to the evaporator 62
  • the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator 62 , whereby the inside of the refrigerator is cooled.
  • the air in the refrigerator is compulsory sent to the evaporator 62 by the air blower 62 a , whereby heat exchange is efficiently carried out in the evaporator 62 .
  • the motor driving unit 60 b controls the output of the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 60 a on the basis of the target temperature set on the refrigerator 209 and the temperature inside the refrigerator. Thereby, the temperature inside the refrigerator 209 is maintained at the target temperature.
  • the linear compressor 60 a having the linear vibration motor as a power source is used as the compressor for compressing and circulating the refrigerant, friction loss in the compressor is reduced as compared with a refrigerator using a compressor having a rotation-type motor as a power source, and furthermore, sealability for sealing the refrigerant in the compressor is enhanced, resulting an increase in operation efficiency of the compressor, like in the air conditioner 208 of the eighth embodiment.
  • the refrigerator 209 since friction loss in the compressor is reduced, the amount of waste oil (spent lubricating oil) and the amount of refrigerant to be filled in the compressor are reduced, as in the air conditioner 208 of the eighth embodiment. Therefore, the refrigerator 209 can contribute to conservation of global environment.
  • the motor driving apparatus 60 b calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor, like in the motor driving apparatus 207 according to the seventh embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor 60 a . Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the refrigerator.
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram for explaining a cryogenic freezer according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a cryogenic freezer 210 has a freezing chamber (not shown), and cools the inside of the chamber at a cryogenic temperature (lower than ⁇ 50° C.).
  • a cryogenic temperature lower than ⁇ 50° C.
  • objects to be frozen by the cryogenic freezer 210 there are electromagnetic circuit elements such as resistors, coils, magnets to be used as superconducting elements, electronic elements such as low-temperature reference parts for infrared sensors, medical objects such as blood and viscera, and foods such as tunas.
  • Electronic elements are preserved in the cryogenic states to increase their operating efficiencies or increase their sensitivities by removing thermal noises.
  • perishable foods are preserved in the cryogenic states to facilitate transportation, maintain freshness, or perform freeze-dry.
  • the freezing temperature of the cryogenic freezer 210 varies with applications, it is lower than ⁇ 50° C. and, especially in applications for superconducting, the temperature varies over a wide range of 0 ⁇ 100K (Kelvin).
  • the freezing temperature of the cryogenic freezer 210 is set at about 50 ⁇ 100K in applications for high-temperature superconducting, and about 0 ⁇ 50K in applications for normal superconducting.
  • the freezing temperature is set at a little under ⁇ 50° C.
  • cryogenic freezer 210 will be described in detail.
  • the cryogenic freezer 210 comprises a linear compressor 70 a , a compressor driving unit 70 b , a heat radiator 71 , a heat storage 72 , and a throttle 73 .
  • the linear compressor 70 a , the heat radiator 71 , the throttle 73 , and the heat storage 72 form a refrigerant circulation path.
  • the compressor driving unit 70 b is a motor driving unit for driving and controlling a linear vibration motor as a driving source of the linear compressor 70 a .
  • the linear compressor 70 a and the motor driving unit 70 b are identical to the linear compressor 40 and the motor driving apparatus 207 according to the seventh embodiment, respectively.
  • the throttle 73 reduces the liquid refrigerant sent from the heat radiator 71 to the heat storage 72 to expand the refrigerant, like the throttle 53 of the eighth embodiment.
  • the heat radiator 71 condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas flowing in it, and discharges heat of the refrigerant to the outside air, like the condenser 61 of the refrigerator 209 of the ninth embodiment.
  • the heat storage 72 evaporates the low-temperature refrigerant liquid to cool the inside of the freezing chamber, thereby to preserve the objects at the cryogenic temperature, like the evaporator 62 of the ninth embodiment.
  • the heat storage 72 has a temperature sensor 72 b for detecting the temperature of the objects.
  • the heat storage 72 may have an air blower 72 a for increasing efficiency of heat exchange as shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the motor driving unit 70 b controls the output of the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 70 a on the basis of the operating conditions of the cryogenic freezer 210 , i.e., the target temperature set on the cryogenic freezer 210 and the temperature of the objects to be frozen.
  • the linear compressor 70 a In the cryogenic freezer 210 , when an AC voltage Vd is supplied from the motor driving unit 70 b to the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 70 a , the linear compressor 70 a is operated, and the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation path in the direction of arrow D, whereby heat exchange is carried out in the heat radiator 71 and the heat storage 72 . Thereby, the inside of the freezing chamber is cooled, and the objects in the chamber are frozen.
  • the refrigerant is liquefied in the heat radiator 71 , and the flow rate of the refrigerant is reduced by the throttle 73 to expand the refrigerant, resulting in a low-temperature liquid refrigerant.
  • the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is sent to the heat storage 72 , the liquid refrigerant is evaporated in the heat storage 72 , whereby the freezing chamber is cooled.
  • the motor driving unit 70 b controls the output of the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 70 a on the basis of the target temperature set on the cryogenic freezer 210 and the temperature of the object to be frozen. Thereby, in the cryogenic freezer 210 , the temperature of the object to be frozen is maintained at the target temperature.
  • the linear compressor 70 a having the linear vibration motor as a power source is used as the compressor for compressing and circulating the refrigerant, friction loss in the compressor is reduced as compared with a cryogenic freezer using a compressor having a rotation-type motor as a power source, and furthermore, sealability for sealing the refrigerant in the compressor is enhanced, resulting an increase in operation efficiency of the compressor, as in the air conditioner 208 according to the eight embodiment.
  • the freezer 210 can contribute to conservation of global environment.
  • the motor driving unit 70 b calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor, like in the motor driving apparatus 207 according to the seventh embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor 70 a . Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the cryogenic freezer.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram for explaining a hot-water supply unit according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • a hot-water supply unit 211 has a refrigeration cycle unit 81 a for heating supplied water to discharge hot water, a hot-water storage 81 b in which the hot water discharged from the refrigeration cycle unit 81 a is stored, and pipes 86 a , 86 b , 87 a , and 87 b connecting the unit 81 a and the storage 81 b.
  • the refrigeration cycle unit 81 a has a linear compressor 80 a , a compressor driving unit 80 b , an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 , a throttle 83 , and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 .
  • the linear compressor 80 a , the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 , the throttle 83 , and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 form a refrigerant circulation path.
  • the compressor driving unit 80 b drives a linear vibration motor (not shown) as a driving source of the linear compressor 80 a .
  • the linear compressor 80 a is identical to the linear compressor 40 having the linear vibration motor 46 according to the seventh embodiment. Further, the compressor driving unit 80 b , is identical in construction to the motor driving apparatus 207 of the seventh embodiment.
  • the throttle 83 reduces the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant sent from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 to expand the liquid refrigerant, as in the throttle 53 of the air conditioner 208 according to the eighth embodiment.
  • the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 is a condenser for heating up the water supplied to the refrigeration cycle unit 81 a , and has a temperature sensor 85 a for detecting the temperature of the heated water.
  • the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 is an evaporator for absorbing heat from the ambient atmosphere, and has an air blower 82 a for increasing the efficiency of heat exchange and a temperature sensor 82 b for detecting the ambient temperature.
  • reference numeral 84 denotes a refrigerant pipe for circulating the refrigerant along the refrigerant circulation path that is formed by the linear compressor 80 a , the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 , the throttle 83 , and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 .
  • the hot-water storage 81 b has a hot-water storage tank 88 for storing water or hot water.
  • a water supply pipe 88 c for supplying water from the outside to the storage tank 88 is connected to a water intake port 88 cl of the storage tank 88
  • a hot-water supply pipe 88 d for supplying hot-water from the storage tank 88 to a bathtub is connected to a hot-water discharge port 88 dl of the storage tank 88 .
  • a hot-water supply pipe 89 for supplying the hot water stored in the storage tank 88 to the outside is connected to a water intake/discharge port 88 a of the storage tank 88 .
  • the storage tank 88 and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 of the refrigeration cycle unit 81 a are connected by pipes 86 a , 86 b , 87 a , and 87 b , and a water circulation path is formed between the storage tank 88 and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 .
  • the water supply pipe 86 b is a pipe for supplying water from the storage tank 88 to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 , and an end of this pipe is connected to a water discharge port 88 b of the storage tank 88 while the other end is connected to a water intake side pipe 87 b of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 through a joint 87 bl . Further, a discharge valve 88 bl for discharging the water or hot water stored in the storage tank 88 is fixed to an end of the water supply pipe 86 b .
  • the water supply pipe 86 a is a pipe for returning the water from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 to the storage tank 88 , and an end of this pipe is connected to the water intake/discharge port 88 a of the storage tank 88 while the other end is connected to a discharge side pipe 87 a of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 through a joint 87 al.
  • a pump 87 for circulating the water in the water circulation path is provided in a portion of the water intake side pipe 87 b of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 .
  • the motor driving unit 80 b determines a motor output required of the linear vibration motor of the linear compressor 80 a on the basis of the operating conditions of the hot-water supply unit, i.e., the target temperature of the hot water that is set on the hot-water supply unit, the temperature of the water supplied from the hot-water storage 81 b to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 of the refrigeration cycle unit 81 a , and the outdoor temperature.
  • the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 heat exchange is carried out between the refrigerant and the water supplied from the storage tank 88 , whereby heat moves from the refrigerant to the water. That is, the supplied water is heated, and the heated water is supplied to the storage tank 88 . At this time, the temperature of the heated water is observed by the condensation temperature sensor 85 a.
  • the refrigerant is condensed by the above-mentioned heat exchange, and the flow rate of the condensed liquid refrigerant is reduced by the throttle 83 , whereby the refrigerant is expanded and sent to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 .
  • the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 serves as an evaporator. That is, the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 absorbs heat from the outside air that is sent by the air blower 82 b , thereby to evaporate the low-temperature liquid refrigerant. At this time, the temperature of the ambient atmosphere of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 is observed by the temperature sensor 82 b.
  • the defrost bypass valve 84 b opens, and the high-temperature refrigerant is supplied to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 through the defrost bypass line 84 a . Thereby, the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 82 is defrosted.
  • the hot water is supplied from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 85 of the refrigeration cycle unit 81 a to the hot-water storage 81 b through the pipes 87 a and 86 a , and the supplied hot water is stored in the storage tank 88 .
  • the hot water in the storage tank 88 is supplied to the outside through the hot-water supply pipe 89 as required.
  • the hot water in the storage tank 88 is supplied to the bathtub through a hot-water supply pipe 88 d for the bathtub.
  • the linear compressor 80 a having the linear vibration motor as a power source is used as the compressor for compressing and circulating the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle unit 81 a , friction loss in the compressor is reduced as compared with a hot-water supply unit using a compressor having a rotation-type motor as a power source, and furthermore, sealability for sealing the refrigerant in the compressor is enhanced, resulting an increase in operation efficiency of the compressor, like in the air conditioner 208 of the eighth embodiment.
  • the hot-water supply unit 211 since friction loss in the compressor is reduced, the amount of waste oil (spent lubricating oil) and the amount of refrigerant to be filled in the compressor can be reduced, as in the air conditioner 208 of the eighth embodiment. Therefore, the hot-water supply unit 211 can contribute to conservation of global environment.
  • the motor driving unit 80 b calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover of the linear vibration motor using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor, like in the motor driving apparatus 207 according to the seventh embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the piston with high accuracy during the operation of the linear compressor 80 a . Accordingly, the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear compressor, which leads to miniaturization of the hot-water supply unit.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram for explaining a handy phone according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a handy phone 212 of this twelfth embodiment has a vibrator 90 a that mechanically vibrates, and a driving unit 90 b for driving the vibrator 90 a .
  • the handy phone 212 informs an incoming call or the like to the user by vibration.
  • the vibrator 90 a is provided with a weight member 93 that is placed in a case 91 and is vibratably supported by a spring member 92 , a magnet 93 a fixed to a portion of the weight member 93 , and a stator 94 in which a coil 94 a is embedded, which stator 94 is placed in the case 91 to be opposed to the magnet 93 a of the weight member 93 .
  • a linear vibration motor 95 is constituted by the magnet 93 a fixed to the weight member 93 , and the coil 94 a embedded in the stator 94 .
  • the weight member 93 and the magnet 93 a constitute a mover of the linear vibration motor 95 . In this linear vibration motor 95 , the weight member 93 reciprocates in the expansion direction of the spring member 92 due to an electromagnetic power generated between the coil 94 a and the magnet 93 a , and elasticity of the spring member 92 .
  • the driving unit 90 b employs a battery (not shown) that is mounted on the handy phone 212 as a power supply and drives the linear vibration motor 95 of the vibrator 90 a , and it is identical in construction to the motor driving apparatus 101 a of the first embodiment.
  • the handy phone 212 when receiving a call, power is supplied from the motor drive unit 90 b to the linear vibration motor 95 of the vibrator 90 a , whereby the weight member 93 reciprocates in the expansion direction of the spring member 92 , and the vibrator 90 a vibrates.
  • the mechanical vibration can be varied with two degrees of freedom, i.e., the number of vibrations and the amplitude, as compared with the case where vibration is generated by a rotation-type motor, whereby the vibrator 91 which informs an incoming call or the like to the user by vibration can be provided with a variety of vibration patterns.
  • the motor driving unit 90 b calculates the motor thrust constant in the non-operating mode of the linear vibration motor and then calculates the position of the mover using the calculated motor thrust constant in the operating mode of the linear vibration motor, like in the motor driving apparatus 101 a according to the first embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the mover with high accuracy during the operation of the linear vibration motor 95 . Accordingly, the clearance between the mover and the case can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the linear vibration motor, which leads to miniaturization of the handy phone.
  • the linear vibration motor and the driving apparatus thereof according to the first embodiment are used as a vibrator for informing an incoming call in a handy phone to the user by the vibrations and a driving apparatus thereof, respectively
  • the linear vibration motor and the driving apparatus according to the first embodiment may be used as a power source of a reciprocation-type electric razor and a driving apparatus thereof, respectively.
  • the motor driving units have the same construction as the motor driving apparatus 101 a of the first embodiment, the motor driving units may have the same construction as any of the motor driving apparatuses 101 b to 101 f according to the second to sixth embodiments.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
US10/781,818 2003-02-21 2004-02-20 Motor driving apparatus Expired - Fee Related US7005810B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003045015 2003-02-21
JP2003-045015 2003-02-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040183487A1 US20040183487A1 (en) 2004-09-23
US7005810B2 true US7005810B2 (en) 2006-02-28

Family

ID=32733010

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/781,818 Expired - Fee Related US7005810B2 (en) 2003-02-21 2004-02-20 Motor driving apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7005810B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1450471B1 (de)
KR (1) KR100628588B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1551466B (de)
AT (1) ATE302498T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004000053T2 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050146296A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-07-07 Torsten Klemm Method and apparatus for controlling an oscillating electric motor of a small electric appliance
US20090160388A1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Klingelnberg Ag Machine tool or production machine with signal generation by means of direct drive and method for generating signals in such a machine
US20100007982A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Fujitsu Limited Information storage apparatus
WO2010059036A1 (en) 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Magali Hadar Rebound-effector
US20100259209A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-10-14 Thk Co., Ltd. Multi-axis driver control method, multi-axis driver and multi-axis drive control system having the same
US20110181208A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-07-28 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd./Sanyo Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Drive control circuit for linear vibration motor
US20110218695A1 (en) * 2010-03-05 2011-09-08 Gsi Group Corporation Position encoder with programmable trigger output signal
US20130181650A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-07-18 Panasonic Corporation Motor constant calculating method for pm motor, and motor constant calculating device
US20160315574A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2016-10-27 Fuji Machine Mfg. Co., Ltd. Thrust constant derivation method and movement control method of linear motor, and thrust constant derivation device and movement control device of linear motor

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112004002954B4 (de) * 2004-08-30 2018-06-07 Lg Electronics Inc. Linearkompressor
US11203041B2 (en) 2005-06-27 2021-12-21 General Vibration Corporation Haptic game controller with dual linear vibration actuators
US7573206B2 (en) * 2006-01-17 2009-08-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Perceptible flickering reduction
DE102007051917B4 (de) 2006-11-27 2017-03-30 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg Aktor, insbesondere Linearantrieb, und Anlage oder Maschine
WO2008064754A2 (de) 2006-11-27 2008-06-05 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Aktor, insbesondere linearantrieb, und anlage oder maschine
DE102007060831A1 (de) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-25 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Steuergerät für eine Kältemaschine und diese verwendendes Haushaltskältegerät
CH701524A1 (de) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-31 Kistler Holding Ag Elektromechanisches Fügemodul mit Kraftaufnehmer.
CN104753303B (zh) 2013-12-31 2018-10-02 博立码杰通讯(深圳)有限公司 驱动装置及器件制作方法
JP6897025B2 (ja) * 2016-08-08 2021-06-30 株式会社アイシン モータ制御装置
JP7032663B2 (ja) * 2016-12-20 2022-03-09 ミツミ電機株式会社 振動アクチュエータ、ウェアラブル端末及び着信通知機能デバイス
FR3064427B1 (fr) * 2017-03-27 2021-10-22 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Moteur electrique, moto-reducteur, systeme d'essuyage et procede de commande associe
CN106972800B (zh) * 2017-05-09 2019-10-08 南京航空航天大学 一种电机预定位估计的方法
DE102020204415A1 (de) * 2020-04-06 2021-10-07 Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh Verfahren, ansteuereinrichtung, optisches system und lithographieanlage
CN111420858B (zh) * 2020-04-24 2024-11-08 北京森美希克玛生物科技有限公司 一种振动激发装置

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4772838A (en) 1986-06-20 1988-09-20 North American Philips Corporation Tri-state switching controller for reciprocating linear motors
US5342176A (en) 1993-04-05 1994-08-30 Sunpower, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring piston position in a free piston compressor
US5909018A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-06-01 Otis Elevator Company Automatic fine-tuning of rotor time constant and magnetizing current in field-oriented elevator motor drive
EP0952347A1 (de) 1998-04-20 1999-10-27 Matsushita Refrigeration Company Kolbenhubregelung für einen oszillierenden Kompressor
JPH11324911A (ja) 1998-05-14 1999-11-26 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd リニアコンプレッサーの制御装置
EP1063760A2 (de) 1999-06-25 2000-12-27 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Regelung für einen linearen Vibrationsmotor
US6211634B1 (en) * 1999-07-29 2001-04-03 Otis Elevator Company Method and apparatus for initialization and operation of field-commutated motors and machines incorporating field-commutated motors
JP2002354864A (ja) 2001-05-18 2002-12-06 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd リニアコンプレッサ駆動装置
US6525498B2 (en) * 2000-03-30 2003-02-25 Etablissements Andre Zalkin Electric motor control device, method and program
US6747431B1 (en) * 2001-08-16 2004-06-08 Lexmark International, Inc. Calibration technique for electric motor

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3278080B2 (ja) * 1993-02-22 2002-04-30 直 柴田 半導体集積回路
KR19990022761A (ko) * 1995-06-09 1999-03-25 디어터 크리스트, 베르너 뵈켈 제 1 뉴런 ｍｏｓｆｅｔ 및 기준 소오스에 의해 제공되는 2개의 전기값을 비교하기 위한 회로

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4772838A (en) 1986-06-20 1988-09-20 North American Philips Corporation Tri-state switching controller for reciprocating linear motors
US5342176A (en) 1993-04-05 1994-08-30 Sunpower, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring piston position in a free piston compressor
WO1994023204A1 (en) 1993-04-05 1994-10-13 Sunpower, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring piston position in a free piston compressor
JPH08508558A (ja) 1993-04-05 1996-09-10 サンパワー・インコーポレーテツド 自由ピストン圧縮機のピストン位置の測定方法及び装置
US5909018A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-06-01 Otis Elevator Company Automatic fine-tuning of rotor time constant and magnetizing current in field-oriented elevator motor drive
EP0952347A1 (de) 1998-04-20 1999-10-27 Matsushita Refrigeration Company Kolbenhubregelung für einen oszillierenden Kompressor
JPH11324911A (ja) 1998-05-14 1999-11-26 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd リニアコンプレッサーの制御装置
EP1063760A2 (de) 1999-06-25 2000-12-27 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Regelung für einen linearen Vibrationsmotor
US6211634B1 (en) * 1999-07-29 2001-04-03 Otis Elevator Company Method and apparatus for initialization and operation of field-commutated motors and machines incorporating field-commutated motors
US6525498B2 (en) * 2000-03-30 2003-02-25 Etablissements Andre Zalkin Electric motor control device, method and program
JP2002354864A (ja) 2001-05-18 2002-12-06 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd リニアコンプレッサ駆動装置
US6747431B1 (en) * 2001-08-16 2004-06-08 Lexmark International, Inc. Calibration technique for electric motor

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050146296A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-07-07 Torsten Klemm Method and apparatus for controlling an oscillating electric motor of a small electric appliance
US7180254B2 (en) * 2002-06-29 2007-02-20 Braun Gmbh Method and apparatus for controlling an oscillating electric motor of a small electric appliance
US20100259209A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-10-14 Thk Co., Ltd. Multi-axis driver control method, multi-axis driver and multi-axis drive control system having the same
US8334669B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2012-12-18 Thk Co., Ltd. Multi-axis driver control method, multi-axis driver and multi-axis drive control system having the same
US20090160388A1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Klingelnberg Ag Machine tool or production machine with signal generation by means of direct drive and method for generating signals in such a machine
US8203299B2 (en) * 2007-12-19 2012-06-19 Klingelnberg Ag Machine tool or production machine with signal generation by means of direct drive and method for generating signals in such a machine
US20100007982A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Fujitsu Limited Information storage apparatus
US7911729B2 (en) * 2008-07-14 2011-03-22 Toshiba Storage Device Corporation Information storage apparatus
WO2010059036A1 (en) 2008-11-21 2010-05-27 Magali Hadar Rebound-effector
US8829843B2 (en) * 2010-01-28 2014-09-09 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Drive control circuit for linear vibration motor
US20110181208A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-07-28 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd./Sanyo Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Drive control circuit for linear vibration motor
US20110218695A1 (en) * 2010-03-05 2011-09-08 Gsi Group Corporation Position encoder with programmable trigger output signal
US8612065B2 (en) * 2010-03-05 2013-12-17 Gsi Group Corporation Position encoder with programmable trigger output signal
US20130181650A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2013-07-18 Panasonic Corporation Motor constant calculating method for pm motor, and motor constant calculating device
US9024562B2 (en) * 2010-10-08 2015-05-05 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Motor constant calculating method for PM motor, and motor constant calculating device
US20160315574A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2016-10-27 Fuji Machine Mfg. Co., Ltd. Thrust constant derivation method and movement control method of linear motor, and thrust constant derivation device and movement control device of linear motor
US10097127B2 (en) * 2013-12-20 2018-10-09 Fuji Corporation Thrust constant derivation method and movement control method of linear motor, and thrust constant derivation device and movement control device of linear motor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1551466B (zh) 2010-05-26
DE602004000053D1 (de) 2005-09-22
CN1551466A (zh) 2004-12-01
EP1450471A1 (de) 2004-08-25
US20040183487A1 (en) 2004-09-23
EP1450471B1 (de) 2005-08-17
ATE302498T1 (de) 2005-09-15
KR100628588B1 (ko) 2006-09-26
DE602004000053T2 (de) 2006-06-14
KR20040075781A (ko) 2004-08-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7005810B2 (en) Motor driving apparatus
US7151348B1 (en) Motor driving apparatus
US6977474B2 (en) Control system for a linear vibration motor
KR100545536B1 (ko) 모터 구동 제어 장치
US6868686B2 (en) Refrigeration cycle apparatus
KR101904870B1 (ko) 압축기 제어 장치와 방법, 및 이를 포함한 냉장고
KR101955977B1 (ko) 압축기 제어 장치와 방법, 및 이를 포함한 냉장고
KR100865434B1 (ko) 리니어 압축기의 구동제어방법 및 차량용 리니어 압축기의구동제어방법
JP3762469B2 (ja) リニアコンプレッサの駆動装置
JP2004003827A (ja) 冷凍サイクル装置
JP2004336988A (ja) モータ駆動装置
JP2004274997A (ja) モータ駆動装置
JP3540314B2 (ja) モータ駆動装置
KR101718020B1 (ko) 리니어 압축기의 제어 장치, 제어 방법, 및 이들을 구비한 냉장고
KR20180082895A (ko) 리니어 압축기 및 리니어 압축기의 제어 방법
KR101948563B1 (ko) 압축기 제어 장치 및 이를 포함한 냉장고
KR102023281B1 (ko) 왕복동식 압축기의 운전 제어 장치 및 방법
KR20180109262A (ko) 리니어 압축기 및 리니어 압축기의 제어 방법

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:UEDA, MITSUO;NAKATA, HIDEKI;YOSHIDA, MAKOTO;REEL/FRAME:015362/0597

Effective date: 20040310

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.)

LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.)

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20180228