US693105A - Automatic gun. - Google Patents

Description

AUTOMATIC GUN.

(Appumnn med om 2a, 1oo.;

(N0 Model.)

Mmm]

In uantoz .mcrae .citarne Parent reifen.

ANDREW BURGESS, F ONEGO, NlLiV YORK. n

AnToMA-rio con.

@PIEFECATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 693,105, dated February 11, 190.?.

Application filed October 23| To all whont 'it 11mg/ concern,.-

Be it known that I, ANDREW BURGESS, re'- siding atwego, in the county ot' Tioga and State of New Y/ork, have invented certain new and usefnllmgfrovements in Automatic Guns,

cartridge feeding; also, to hold and feed the cartridges from a magazine, and also to produce a firing-lock 'adapted to this class of guns, together with other improvements and combinations of parts of automatic-gun mechanism.

Figure -l is a vertical longitudinal section of a pistol embodying my present invention. Fig. 2' shows the trigger-piece and its contained parts from'its top partly in section. Fig. 3 isa detail plan from the top of the striker and with piston-head partly in section with a cut-away section of frame. Fig. 4 is a broken cross-section on line 4 4 of barrel and frame looking backward and showing the'rear of :the piston-head and the striker.- Fig.' 5 isa broken cross-section on line 5 5 looking backward. Fig. G is another broken cross-section on line G (i looking forward and with the barrel in advanced position. Fig. is an inner arm of carrier in elevation. Fig. S is a top plan view of carrier. Fig. 9 is 'a View of the magazine, partly in section and partly in elevation.

. The frame l isot' anysuiiable construction to support'. the working parts and is a hollow cylinder at the top to confine the barrel to a longitudinal reciprocating movement. lThe barrel 2 has a shoulder L), against which a coiled spring 4 bears to press the barrel back. The front end of spring 4 rests against a ring 5, which is held in place in the frame, its by pins (i 6. The barrel 2 slides in the ringas it reciprocates, and a beveled shoulder T around the barrel is stopped when said bar'- rel reachesthe limit of its forward path of 1900. Serial No. 34,059. (No model.)

movement by its striking the undercut or inclined shoulder 7 of the ring 5. The inclined or wedging blow of the beveled shoulder 7 on the concaved, inclined, or undercut bearing 7lrL prevents a violent rebound and tends to a slight delay of the barrel before its return by the spring 4. This gives more time for the feeding-cartridge to be raised from the magazine. The barrel is driven forwardby force of the discharge in firing the gun, as is'common, there being no' stop to hold the barrel` back, save spring 4. Aplunger-piston or piston-head 8 is housed in a bore in the frame beneath the barrel and is pressed forward by the coiled mainspring 9, whose rear end rests against a shoulder in the frame and front end against the piston-head. The piston is stopped in its forward movement by pin 29. A striker lO is entered from the rear of the frame, and its forward end 1l, being turned to a right angle, enters a cut in the piston-head to form a dovetal connection therewith, and the rear end of said striker,carrying the firingpin 12, is turned up and inward to obtain for; said tiring-pin alinement with the b'ore of the barrel. A light spring 34, bearing against the frame, tends to press the striker rearward. A cooking-lever 14 is pivoted in the frame, with its upper arm entering a groove 13 in the bottom of the barrel. At the rear termination of said groove is the shoulder 15, which will turn the top of lever 14 forward (to dotted line 16) when the barrel moves well forward, and the lower arm of the lever, turning backward and engaging the downward projection 18 of the piston-head, will diive.said piston-head backward, and thereby compress the mainspring 9. To cock this lock or hold it cocked and to release it, special sear and trigger partsare provided.

The trigger-piece 17, carrying sear 19, is entered to'position from the magazine-well and is confined to a reciprocatingmovement by the guard 62 and bottom part of the frame, asishowu in sect-ion in Fig. 1. Stop 2O limits thVorwai-d movement of the trigger-piece. Spring 2l, bearing back against pin E32 in the frame, presses the tligger-piece"forward,'but allowsit to be pulled back until its rear shall abut against the magazine, when its springstop 23 will spring into slot 24 in the guard to confine the triggerpiece to near its back'- Y ward position, which thus becomes the fullcocked position of the firing mechanism. The

position, as shown in Fig. l.

sear 19 has the usual spring 33 and a point 25 to engage in notch 26 vof the piston-head.

Said sear has also an incline 27 at its rear.

It can be turned out of engagement by its iinger-piece 28. A vertical foil-pin 30 is set loosely in the frame, so it may be freely moved upward when 'the barrel is forward, and when the barrelreturns backward the groove 3l still allows piu 30 to move upward; but when the shoulder 32 of the barrel reaches said pin it contines it to a fixed position downward, as shown in Fig. 1, when it becomes an abutment against which the sear may be tripped.

rlhe trigger-piece 17 when pressed to its forward limit by spring 2l, as in Fig. 1, has carried its scar-point so far forward that the rebound of the pistou-head 8 (which is caused by pin 29, which stops the'mainspring, and

the spring 34, which pressed back the striker) will carry the notch 26 of the piston into position to be engaged by the Sear, which then holds the lock in the half-cocked or safety To re the gun from this position, the trigger (trigger-piece) is pulled back until it carries the rear incline 27 of the sear against foil-pin 30, as shown i'n dotted lines, and also the piston-head and striker, when a further backward movement causes said foil-pin to press or cam down the scar until its hook disengages from notch 26 of the piston-head, and thus. releases it to spring 'forwardfby force of mainspring and propel the striker to drive tiring-pin 12. When the firing occurs, the barrel being forced forward thereby, its notch 15, reaching top of cooking-lever 14, 'tu-rus it to throw back the piston-head-by its lower arm. The triggerpiece, with the sear, will in' meantime be held hack, as described, byits stop-pin .23, so that when the piston-head notch 26 obtains position over the Sear-point 25'it will be engaged thereby, and only a short back pull on the trigger will then suffice to pull olf the sear by carryingit into engagement with the foil-pin 30, as before. Thus it will be seen that the slidingtrigger-piece is in the forward position. (Shown in Fig-.1.) 1t must be drawn back some little distance to bring the-end 27 of the sear against the end of foil-piece 30 to release the s ear; but when this has-been done the springstop 23 will hold thesliding trigger. in this rearward position, sopthata very slight further retraction of the trigger releases the sea'r and causes the firing. In substance this amounts very nearly to. pulling the trigger for' the first shot and then holding th'e trigger for continuous automatic shooting, although, in fact, the trigger may be released to preventl the continuous auto-matic shooting, as lwill be explained. As the time interval-is exceedingly'small, being a minute fraction of a second, (since automaticguns perfornrthe entire loading and firing under some circumstances in' less than one-tenthfof a secondthat is, ten shotsV per second or six` hundred per minute,) it is impossible for the operator to make any very extended muscular movement between shots,fyet it is desirable that 7o the first shot shall require so much of a muscular movement as Wil-l insure reasonable immunity from accidents. It will be observed that the slot 24 is carried rearward to permit the short movement,` as above, without retir- 7; ing the stop-pin 23; but when it is desired to allowthe trigger-piece 'to move farther forward the pin 23 can be pressed up from slot 24 from the outside of Ythe guard.

The trigger-piece has a forward cylindrical 8o portion 35, which serves as a guide to said `piece and to carry the dog 36. Said dog is stopped in its up movement to its operative position by the point of cap 39', which is pressed into its notch by trigger-return spring 2l and in its down inoperative position by n oteh 38, into either ot` which positions it may easily be turned by hand. fWheu said dog 36 is turned up, as in Fig. 1, and the triggerpiece is pulled to its back position, the point 9c 40 reaches to nearly or quite in contact with the front of cocking-lever 14. If the gun is theu fired, the barrel will move forward and turn the lever 14, as before described, until its forward part shall reach to dotted line 16, g5 which will cause it to engage point 40 of dog 36 and lthrow forward said dog, aud thereby the trigger, so it will be pressed quickly out ot' firing position, andthe irerj by this break in the back pressure of the trigger-pull will 'mo be enabled to let .up suiiiciently to allow the firing ofsingle shots. By'turning the dog downward against or into the slot of the ex`- tension-piece 35, so thatit will he thus retained by its notch 33, said dog is made en--Io5 tirely inoperative, and a continued pull ou the trigger 'will pull off the Sear as often as the .foil-pin is`wedged down by shoulder 32 of the barrel.y Itis obvious that the forward impulse of dog 3G maybe given by any part Ilo of the mechanism moved by the barrel or by ashou'lder thereon in an equivalent manner.

I The ejecting-extractor 41 has hook 43 to engage t'he iiange of the cartridge-shell. Its rear end 44 is supported in a horizontal groove r 15 in the frame, and a spring 42 presses the hook part into engagement with the cartridge-shell or iiange. A projection 45 on the rear of the striker engages a downward shoulder of extractor to press it forward to engaging posi- [zo tion, (indicated in dotted lines, Fig. 1,)'and when said striker moves back to near its rear-' most .limit `its said projection strikes its rear shoulderagainst downward-projecting end 44 of the extractor to then'move it backward. 125 A'segment of thetop of the recoil-shieldin the frame is cut away at 46 to form an abut- `ment below the engaging-line ofthe extractorhook, so that the quick back impulse of the extractor, as described, trips the cartridge, Ido the abutment just 'mentioned then serving as a fulcrum against which the cartridge-shell bears, and the backward movement of the cxtractbr-liook then acts as the power to eject the shell to throw it upward and out of the frame.

The box-magazine 52 that I adapt to this arm has the usual spring 6B and is held in the gun in the usual manner, as by catch 64. The follower 65 is a platform and has an arm extending about parallel with the side of the box and then turned outward` This makes a slightly elastic piece, which extends into an onset or recess in the side of the box. When this follower is lifted by its spring, its arm encounters shoulder 4,9 and is stopped thereby. A hole is made in the wall of the magazine to allow the stop to be pressed back at will to remove the followe'g'1 from the magazine. To retain the cartridges in the detached magazine, which has no detents, a

. thread or thin narrow ribbon 5l is tied around them, as shown in Fig. 9, and will be so thin as not-to obstruct the entrance of the maga; zine into the gun in the usual manner. This ligament may be partly cut or weakened at some point, as 53, so that on a strong pull at its projecting ends will break it there, or said ends can be tied in a bow or slip knot, that it may be instantly loosened and pulled out from the gun after having been entered therein; but this will not generally be necessary in this form of gun, as the barrel moves over and in contact with the top cartridge, and I Iform corrugatedor serrated edge 54 on the bottom of the barrel, so that its vfirst forward movement will rasp 'or cut the thread to release the cartridges, and' the thread will not materially obstruct them thereafter.

. The detents 55 55 are pivoted in the frame below the barrel t`o be closed in by their springs 56 56 to engage and hold down the second cartridge from the top. The detents 55 are levers pivotcd near their upper ends and having their lower ends normally pressed in by their springs, these lower ends being below the top cartridge when 'said cartridge l is in the carrier.

Qackward movement. The barrel receives the end of the bullet in its bore and then by its wedging action in entering between the cartridge and the beveled front ends of the carrier-arms spreads the arms of the carrier apart and forces them down at the same time.

I The spreading ofthe carrier-arms also spreads the detents 55, and the cartridge theretofore held by their lower ends rises between the detents and also between the jaws of the carrier, as shown in Fig. 5, the barrel having meanwhile swallowed the cartridge before held by the carrier and interposed itself to prevent the rist )f the cartridge now in the carrier from between the arms, although the Jarms cannot clasp tightly on such cartridge. vWhen the barrel moves forward, the springarms of the carrier close in ori the `cartridge between them, and the detents 55 also close to obstruct the cartridge below theirlower ends, and as soon as the barrel permits the carrier rises and brings its cartridge in line with the barrel, and so on repeatedly.

The carrier 57 is entered from the rear of the gun and has forward-extending springarms provided with inwardly-grasping hands or jaws 58 58. The carrier-arms are held together at the rear by pivot 60, which is so cut away as to allow spring 59 'to engage its edge below its center to rotate it, and thereby bear upward the arms of the carrier. The forwardbeveled endsof the carrier when in raised position, being in line of movement of the barrel from its forward position, as shown in Fig. 6, will be engaged, partly opened, and turned down by its returning beveled rear end, which incloses the cartridge. The same barrel movement serves to retire the detents 55 55 by entering the carrier-arms between and pressing them apart, so that the cartridge they had just held down can be raised by the magazine-spring to between the jaws of the carrier, as in Fig. 5. When' the barrel then moves forward, it will allow the carrier and the cartridge grasped between its jaws to rise by force of the spring'i) to the loading position, (shown in 6,) and the detents 55 55 meantime spring in to hold down the next cartridge. The inner grasping-surface of hands or jaws 5858 are provided with longitudinal projections to grasp the body and vertical ones to grasp the flange of a cartridge to the more firmly hold and guide it. While the vgrip of both the vertical and.longitudinal IOC teeth of the spring-jaws, as described, may

mits a most compact arrangement ot' the tiring I mechanism and also the introduction ot' a very strong mainspring. The lever, acting directly on the piston as the barrel moves forward, insures the retiring of the striker and the ejection of the shell at the proper instant IIO of time. The forward blow of the barrel, com

municated to the trigger, insures the abilityv of the operator to release thetrigger qluickly enough to avoid two successive shots-a difficult thing to do by mere muscular exertion. The cord or otherdetaining mechanism by which the follower is held depressed rendersA it easy to enter the magazine into its receptacle without a special cartridge-detent on the magazine proper. The carrier, gripping the flange aswell as extending over the body of the cartridge, holds the top cartridge with l such firmness that it is not likely to be displaced by the quick and violent actions of a gun of this class.

Itis of course understood that my invention is not limited to precise constructionsland terms save as the same are pointed out in the claims. l

l. In an automatic gun,a reciprocating barrel havingan inclined shoulder, a spring tending to press said barrel back to firing position, and a removable ring in the frame and surrounding the barrel and provided with a bev eled rear surface against which the inclined shoulder of the barrel engages to cause a wedging contact and slight detention ot' the barrel, all combined substantially as de scribed.

2. lin a gun of the characterdescribed, a reciprocatingbar1el,.apistonhead having longitudinal movement substantially parallel with the barrel, the striker and firing-pin connected to said piston, a spring acting to press the piston forward, and a lever h-ung'in the frame,

operatively engaged by the barrel in its forward movement, and engaging the pistonto move the same and the striker rearward, and

-means for holding the striker back, all combined substantially as described.

3. In agun of the character described, a reciprocatingbarrel, a piston-head havinglongitudinal movement substantially parallel with the barrel, the strikerand firing-pin connected to said piston, a springl pressing the piston forward, a lever hung in the frame, engaged by the barrel in its forward movement and engaging the piston to press the same back,

l means forholding the striker back, and means for releasing the same for firing the gun, all combined substantially as described.v

4. In an automatic gun, a reciprocating barrel, the piston pressed by a spring and moving in a line substantially parallel with the barrel and means for pressing it back by the barrel movement, a sliding trigger-piece in proximity to the said piston, a sear carried by the trigger-piece and engaging the piston to hold the same retracted, and a stop acting on the trigger to thereby hold the lock and its connected parts in cocked position, all combined.

substantially as described.

In a gun as described, a reciprocating barrel, piston, and firing-pin, connected and coacting su bstantially asdescribed, a sliding rel when in firing position, whereby the foil acts to trip the Sear only when the barrel is closed and trigger pulled, all combined sub.

stantially as described. l

7. In an automatic lgun, the reciprocating barrel, the piston and connected firing-pin pressed forward by a spring and moving in a line substantially parallel with the reciprocating barrel, a lever acted on by thev barrel and engaging the piston to move the same back, a sliding trigger in proximity to the piston and carrying a sear by which connection is made to the piston, and a stop acting to limit the forward movement of the mainspring, and a spring to rebound the parts to half-cock position, all combined. l

8. Inagunasdescribed,thecombination cfa reciprocating barrel, a piston pressed forward by the mainspring and means for moving the piston` back by the barrel movement, a longitudinally-sliding trigger and a sear pivoted thereto in position to interlock with said piston, a foiloperatively engaged by the barrel as described to serve as au abutment for the sear, and stops acting on the trigger to stop it in its haltcock or full-cock position, all substantially as described.

i). In a gun as described a reciprocating barrel, and firing-pin, piston and trigger, each supported in the frame to have longitudinal movement therein, a dog connected to the trigger and extending into proximity with the barrel, and means operated on bythe barrel, by which the forward movement of the barrel actnates the dog to th row the tri gger forward, all substantially as described.

lO. In a gun as described, a reciprocating barrel', piston, and tiring-pin, atrgger sliding in the frame, and a dog connected to the trigger and in one position actuated bythe barrel to throw the trigger forward, and means ment of the extractor rocks the cartridge-shell on said abutment as a fulcruln, and thereby ejects the shell, substantially as described.

l2. The combination ofa gun havinga magmeans on the gun for severing. the cord by the breech-opening movement, substantially as described.

13. The combination-with 4the magazine v having a retaining-cord to hold the follower depressed, of the-longitudinally-movable barrel-having a cutting-surface which engages and severs said cord as the barrel moves.

Il. In a breech-loadinggun as described, a

box-magazine and a follower therein, a detent which engages the second cartridge below the top, and a carrier'acting to lift the top ear.-

'tridge whiesirco'eeding cartridges are heid down'by the said, detent, ali coinbined sub- Y lease the cartridge stantially as described.

15. In a'g'nn as described, -a reciprocating barrel, a box-magazine and aofoliower therein,

a. detent'engaging the second cartridgebeiow the top, a carrier which lifts the top cartridge as described and has incline engagement with 16. In a grin as described, the carrier pivbaok, substantiaiiy as oted in the frame and having elastic side arms provided with projections to extend over the body-of the cartridge, notches to nciose'the, head or flange of the'cartrdge, and inciinesv at the front, combined with. the reciprocating barrel inclined at its rear, to engage, and open the carrier-arms as the barrei moves described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ANDREW BURGESS.

XVitnesses:

HARVEY T. WINFIEL-D, CHAS. K. DAVIES.

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