US6876836B2 - Layout of wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board - Google Patents

Layout of wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board Download PDF

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Publication number
US6876836B2
US6876836B2 US10/064,535 US6453502A US6876836B2 US 6876836 B2 US6876836 B2 US 6876836B2 US 6453502 A US6453502 A US 6453502A US 6876836 B2 US6876836 B2 US 6876836B2
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Prior art keywords
coordinate
rfic
filter
coupled
layout
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US10/064,535
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US20040018814A1 (en
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Tsung-Liang Lin
Tsung-Lu Tsai
Jan-Kwo Leeng
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MediaTek Inc
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Integrated Programmable Communications Inc
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Assigned to INTEGRATED PROGRAMMABLE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. reassignment INTEGRATED PROGRAMMABLE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LEENG, JAN-KWO, LIN, TSUNG-LIANG, TSAI, TSUNG-LU
Priority to TW091132650A priority patent/TW595134B/zh
Priority to DE20219473U priority patent/DE20219473U1/de
Priority to CNU032446020U priority patent/CN2692944Y/zh
Publication of US20040018814A1 publication Critical patent/US20040018814A1/en
Assigned to MEDIATEK INCORPORATION reassignment MEDIATEK INCORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTEGRATED PROGRAMMABLE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • H05K1/0237—High frequency adaptations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
    • H05K1/165—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor incorporating printed inductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10007—Types of components
    • H05K2201/1006—Non-printed filter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wireless communication technology. More particularly, the present invention relates to a layout of a wireless communication circuit architecture on a printed circuit board (PCB), suitable for use as pPC-card for operating in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • VLSI Very Large Scale Integrated circuit
  • radio communication can eliminate or reduce the number of cables used to connect master devices with their respective peripherals.
  • the aforementioned radio communications will require an unlicensed band with sufficient capacity to allow for high data rate transmissions.
  • a suitable band is the so-called Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz, which is globally available.
  • ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
  • the ISM band provides 83.5 MHz of radio spectrum.
  • cellular communication systems having mobile devices which communicate with a hardwired network, such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), has become widespread.
  • Retail stores and warehouse may use cellular communications systems with mobile data terminals to track inventory and replenish stock.
  • the transportation industry may use such systems at large outdoor storage facilities to keep an accurate account of incoming and outgoing shipments. In manufacturing facilities, such systems are useful for tracking parts, completed products and defects.
  • Such systems are also utilized for cellular telephone communications to allow users with wireless telephones to roam across large geographical regions while retaining telephonic access.
  • Paging networks also may utilize cellular communications systems which enable a user carrying a pocket sized pager to be paged anywhere within a geographic region.
  • the IEEE 802.11b protocol is proposed to govern the signal transmission and reception. Also and, since the computer industry is well developed, the wireless LAN (WLAN) has been allowed to be adapted in the computer system, such as person computer.
  • WLAN wireless LAN
  • traditional RF architecture of super-heterodyne is commonly adapted, which needs two voltage controlled oscillators (VCO), two mixers, and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillators
  • SAW surface acoustic wave
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram, schematically illustrating the conventional wireless communication circuit architecture. From the circuit architecture in FIG. 1 , the communication system at the local user′′s system usually needs two antennas 100 , 102 for diversity. During the receiving operation mode, one of the antennas 100 , 102 with better quality can be selected for receiving the RF signals. However, one of the antennas 100 , 102 can be set to be always used for transmission.
  • the antennas 100 , 102 are coupled to an antenna switch 104 , which is used to select the desired antenna.
  • the output of the antenna switch 104 is coupled to a band pass filter (BPF) 106 .
  • BPF band pass filter
  • the digital I/Q signal uses a specific frequency for transmission. Since the BPF 106 is commonly used for receiving mode and transmitting mode, the BPF 106 is coupled to transmission/receiving (T/R) switch 108 .
  • the T/R switch 108 has two output terminals one or for the receiving path and another one is for transmitting path. For the receiving path, the output signal from the BPF 106 is selected by the T/R switch 108 and sent to a RF integrated circuit (RFIC) 110 .
  • the RFIC 110 is used to convert the RF signal into the signal format capable of being processed, for example, in the local computer requested by the user. When a transmission mode is employed, the RFIC 110 sends the signal to a power amplifier 112 .
  • the signal After being amplified, the signal is sent to a filter unit 114 , which is composed by the BPF and the low pass filter (LPF). Then, the output of the BPF/LPF 114 is selected by the (T/R) switch 108 for transmitting. The signal then follows the same path for transmitting the RF signal.
  • a filter unit 114 which is composed by the BPF and the low pass filter (LPF).
  • LPF low pass filter
  • the BPF 106 is typically necessary because the RFIC 110 usually includes a low noise amplifier (LNA), which needs the BPF 106 to filter away the noise. Also and, usually the RFIC 100 includes addition voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) (not shown) to reduce the frequency from high to low for internal circuit or other uses. Conventionally, it includes two VCO′′s at lower frequencies. The VCO frequency should be filtered away. Therefore, the BPF/LPF 114 usually needs at least one BPF. When considering the whole range of the frequency, the LPF may also be included. Then, in the conventional design, the antennas 100 , 102 , the antenna switch 104 and the BPF 106 are commonly used in the transmitting path and the receiving path. From these considerations, the conventional wireless communication circuit architecture is designed as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • the transmission range in wireless communication is strongly concerned.
  • the transmission range is then depending on the transmitting power.
  • the insertion power loss for each elements are following.
  • the antenna switch 104 consumes about 0.5 dB
  • the BPF 106 consumes about 2.0 dB
  • the T/R switch 108 also consumes 0.5 dB
  • the BPF/LPF 114 at least also consumes about 2.0 dB, in which the LPF usually consume about 0.8 dB.
  • the transmitting path needs two BPF′′s to filter the signals.
  • the BPF has larger power loss.
  • the insertion loss is still not sufficient low.
  • the skilled artisans may still intend to reduce insertion loss, so as to increase the transmission rage in wireless communication. How to improve the transmission range without consuming too much power is the issue to be solve or improved by the skilled artisans.
  • the invention provides a wireless communication circuit architecture, which can significantly reduce the insertion power loss. As a result, the transmission range is effectively improved. This is very helpful in wireless communication.
  • the invention provides a wireless communication circuit architecture, in which the transmitting path is significantly simplified, so as to reduce the insertion loss. Also and, the fabrication cost is also reduced.
  • the invention provide a layout on a printed circuit board wireless communication circuit architecture with reduced electromagnetic interference, so as to ensure the circuit to have the optimized performance.
  • the invention provides a layout of a wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB), which is a rectangular board having a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side in counterclockwise.
  • the first and the third sides are shorter than the second and the fourth sides, the first side is a Y-axis and the second side is an X-axis.
  • the layout comprises a first antenna, located at a corner between the first side and the second side.
  • An antenna switch is coupled with the first antenna, and located at about a middle y-coordinate and a first x-coordinate.
  • a first filter is coupled with the antenna switch, located under the antenna switch at a smaller y-coordinate.
  • a RF integrated circuit is coupled with the first filter, and located at a larger x-coordinate than the first filter, wherein a sensitive input/output side of the RFIC is toward the second side of the PCB.
  • a first regulator is located near the second side of the PCB and at a higher X-coordinate than the RFIC.
  • a baseband/media-access-control (BB/MAC) is coupled with the RFIC, and located at about a middle y-coordinate and a higher x-coordinate than the first regulator.
  • a global oscillator is located about a corner between the second side and the third side.
  • a plurality of signal pins are distributed along the third side of the PCB.
  • a second regulator is located near the fourth side and having about the same x-coordinate of the first regulator.
  • a power amplifier is coupled to the RFIC, and located near the fourth side and about with the same x-coordinate of the RFIC, wherein the distance between the power amplifier and the RFIC is set to have sufficient value.
  • a second filter is coupled to the power amplifier, and located at a smaller x-coordinate and near the fourth side.
  • a transmitting/receiving (T/R) switch is coupled to the second filter, and located at a lower y-coordinate than the second filter and about the same x-coordinate.
  • a second antenna is coupled to the T/R switch, located at a corner between the first side and the fourth side.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram, schematically illustrating the conventional wireless communication circuit architecture
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram, schematically illustrating the wireless communication circuit architecture, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top view, schematically illustrating a layout of the wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view, schematically illustrating a layout of another wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board.
  • the present invention has considered the conventional issues and has introduced a novel wireless communication circuit architecture.
  • the invention at least can reduce the insertion loss for the transmitting path. As a result, the transmission range can be effectively increased.
  • An example is provided as an example for describing the features of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram, schematically illustrating the wireless communication circuit architecture, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Two antennas 100 and 102 are used in this example for receiving RF signals and one of them is used to transmitting signals.
  • the number of antennas is not limited to two. Under the same principle, based on the switching capability, the number of antennas can be greater than two, as a design choice.
  • the design with multiple antennas 100 and 102 is for diversity and can allow the one with the best quality for receiving signal to be chosen. However, for transmitting the RF signal, only one of the multiple antennas is needed. In this manner, in the example, the antenna 102 is, for example, taken for transmitting signal.
  • the antennas 100 , 102 are coupled to the antenna switch 104 as indicated by the receiving path 1 and receiving path 2 . Since the antenna 102 is also used for transmitting signal, the antenna 102 is not directly coupled to the antenna switch 104 but is arranged to go through a transmission/receiving switch 230 for selection. The further relation will be described later. Then, the antenna switch 104 selects the better one of RF signals in receiving quality, and the output signal is sent to a filter unit 106 .
  • the raw receiving signal usually includes low and high frequency noises, which noses are necessary to be filter away, so as to suppress the undesired interference signals.
  • the filter unit 106 usually includes a band pass filter (BPF). After the BPF 106 , the signal is sent to a RFIC 210 . Since the RFIC 210 needs the differential signal, a BALUM circuit is, for example, used to convert the signal and also make the signal to be matched with the RFIC 210 in input impedance.
  • the RFIC 210 preferably can include, for example, a type of zero-IF.
  • the zero-IF means that there is no a VCO operated in the intermediate frequency (IF).
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • the RFIC 210 process the signal, so as to obtain the content carried by the received signal, and then the processed signal is input to a BB/MAC 220 .
  • the BB/MAC 220 is an interfacing unit to communicate inwardly with the local system, which can be, for example, a computer system.
  • the BPF 106 is necessary to suppress the unwanted interference signals. Also and, the BALUN differentially divides the RF signal for receiving by RFIC 210 .
  • the BALUN circuit is well matched to the input impedance of LNA block to reduce the noise figure.
  • the RFIC directly down-converts the RF signal into baseband I/Q signal without any SAW filter.
  • the antenna switch 104 consumes 0.5 dB.
  • the BPF 106 consumes about 2.0 dB to 2.4 dB.
  • the T/R switch 108 which also consumes about 0.5 dB. This different from the conventional design in FIG. 1 because the two antenna 100 and 102 always have to pass the T/R switch 108 .
  • the receiving sensitivity for the antenna 100 in the invention is improved.
  • the filter unit 220 can be a combination of BPF and LPF.
  • the invention preferably designs the circuit with the zero-IF type REFIC 210 , then it has been sufficient for the filter unit 200 to only need the LPF. This is because the zero-IF type REFIC 210 has no the VCO for reducing the frequency to the intermediate frequency.
  • the BPF then is avoided and the insertion loss is reduced.
  • the insertion loss for the LPF usually is less than 1 dB, such as 0.8 dB.
  • the transmitting signal output from the filter unit 220 then is input to the T/R switch 108 .
  • the T/R switch 108 is used to select the state for transmitting or receiving.
  • the antenna 102 then is coupled to the T/R switch 230 .
  • a coaxial switch 230 can be included. However, the coaxial switch 230 is not absolutely necessary.
  • the BPF 106 in receiving path 1 and path 2 is not shared by the transmitting path. In this design, it only needs one filter unit 220 . The insertion loss from the BPF can be avoided. Further still, since the RFIC unit 210 is designed with the zero-IF type. It has been sufficient that the filter unit 220 can only use the LPF. This further reduces the insertion loss. Therefore, the circuit of the invention can have significantly larger transmitting range under a fixed power.
  • the circuit can be layout on a print circuit board (PCB).
  • the interconnecting wires and the associated electronic elements such as resistor or capacitors may have, for example, the electromagnetic interference (EMI).
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • FIG. 3 one actual PCB with the wireless communication circuit in FIG. 2 with the peripheral components is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the antenna 100 and antenna 102 are orthogonal placed to uniform the receive pattern at diversity.
  • the BALUN circuit is placed as layout diagram to optimize the noise figure.
  • the PA 112 available in the market can be, for example, Philips SA2411 and Maxim MAX2242. In FIG. 3 , the PA 112 is taking the SA2411. In FIG. 4 , the PA 112 is taking the MAX2242.
  • the other components are similar.
  • the detailed layout is as follows.
  • the layout is based on the circuit in FIG. 2 .
  • the layout of the wireless communication circuit is designed on a PCB.
  • the PCB is a rectangular board has a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side in counterclockwise.
  • the first and the third sides are shorter than the second and the fourth sides, and the first side is a Y-axis and the second side is an X-axis.
  • the layout includes several components at a preferred locations, so as to reduce the EMI.
  • the antenna 100 is located at a corner between the first side and the second side.
  • the antenna switch 104 is coupled with the antenna 100 and located at about a middle y-coordinate and a first x-coordinate.
  • the first filter 106 is coupled with the antenna switch 104 and is located under the antenna switch at a smaller y-coordinate.
  • the RF integrated circuit (RFIC) 210 is coupled with the first filter 106 , and located at a larger x-coordinate than the first filter, wherein a sensitive input/output side of the RFIC is toward the second side of the PCB. This arrangement is to have longer distance with the power amplifier 112 since the power amplifier and the RFIC has strong interference effect.
  • a first regulator 240 is located near the second side of the PCB and at a higher X-coordinate than the RFIC.
  • the regulator 240 usually provides the power to the RFIC.
  • a baseband/media-access-control (BB/MAC) 220 is coupled with the RFIC 210 , and located at about a middle y-coordinate and a higher x-coordinate than the first regulator.
  • a global oscillator is located about a corner between the second side and the third side. Since the oscillator 250 usually produce a large stable noise, it is preferred to be located near the I/O pins 260 , which are to be, for example, plugged into the local computer system.
  • a plurality of signal pins 260 are distributed along the third side of the PCB. The layout of the receiving path now accomplished. However, the consideration of layout of the receiving path has already included the consideration of the transmitting path.
  • a second regulator 270 is located near the fourth side and having about the same x-coordinate of the first regulator.
  • the regulator 270 is also to, for example, provide the power for the power amplifier 220 .
  • the power flowing from a positive electrode and returning to the negative electrode is like a loop, which may produce an electromagnetic effect.
  • the power pair 265 , the BB/MAC and the regulator 240 naturally form a loop.
  • the power pair 265 , the BB/MAC and the regulator 270 naturally form another loop. A crossing of the two loops should be avoided. In this layout of the invention, the crossing does not occur.
  • the power amplifier 112 is coupled to the RFIC 210 , and located near the fourth side and about with the same x-coordinate of the RFIC, wherein the distance between the power amplifier 112 and the RFIC 210 is set to have sufficient large to avoid the interference.
  • the filter 220 is coupled to the power amplifier 112 and located at a smaller x-coordinate and near the fourth side.
  • the T/R switch 108 is coupled to the filter 220 , and located at a lower y-coordinate than the second filter and about the same x-coordinate, wherein the T/R switch 108 and the antenna switch 104 are also coupled.
  • the second antenna 102 is coupled to the T/R switch 108 , and located at a corner between the first side and the fourth side.
  • FIG. 4 is similar to the layout in FIG. 3 except the type of power amplifier 112 and 112 a. The factors to be considered are the same.
  • the RFIC 210 and the power amplifier 112 have sufficient distance to avoid the interference but still remain in compact space.
  • the regulators 240 and 270 separately associate with the power pins 265 of the signal pins 260 to form two loops, which do not cross each other and the loop size remains small. The electromagnetic interference can be further reduced.
  • the oscillator 250 which usually produce a strong noise, is disposed at the corner near the signal pins 260 , so as to reduce the noise from the oscillator.
  • the PCB implemented with the layout of the circuit structure of FIG. 2 has been optimized when the consideration of EMI between components and the size of the PCB are taken.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
US10/064,535 2002-07-25 2002-07-25 Layout of wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board Expired - Fee Related US6876836B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/064,535 US6876836B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2002-07-25 Layout of wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board
TW091132650A TW595134B (en) 2002-07-25 2002-11-06 Layout of wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board
DE20219473U DE20219473U1 (de) 2002-07-25 2002-12-16 Schaltungsanordnung einer drahtlosen Kommunikationsschaltung auf einer Leiterplatte
CNU032446020U CN2692944Y (zh) 2002-07-25 2003-04-03 无线通讯电路的电路板

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TW200408210A (en) 2004-05-16

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