US6806459B1 - Measurement of transparent container sidewall thickness - Google Patents
Measurement of transparent container sidewall thickness Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6806459B1 US6806459B1 US09/942,897 US94289701A US6806459B1 US 6806459 B1 US6806459 B1 US 6806459B1 US 94289701 A US94289701 A US 94289701A US 6806459 B1 US6806459 B1 US 6806459B1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- container
- light
- set forth
- light energy
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0691—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of objects while moving
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to inspection of transparent containers for commercial variations that affect optical properties of the containers, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for electro-optically measuring thickness of container walls (sidewalls, shoulder, neck, heel and/or bottom).
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,271 assigned to the assignee of the present application, discloses an apparatus and method for electro-optically measuring the thickness of a container wall.
- a light source directs a light beam onto the outer surface of the container at an angle such that a portion of the light beam is reflected from the outer surface, and a portion is refracted into the container wall, reflected from the inner wall surface and then re-emerges from the outer wall surface.
- a lens system is disposed between a light sensor and the container wall for focusing light energy reflected from the outer and inner wall surfaces onto the sensor.
- the lens system has an image plane in which the sensor is disposed and an object plane colinear with the light beam.
- the container is rotated about its central axis, and information processing electronics are responsive to the light energy incident on the sensor for scanning the sensor at increments of container rotation and determining wall thickness of the container between the inner and outer wall surfaces as a function of the separation between the points of incidence of the reflected light energies on the sensor.
- a method of measuring wall thickness of a transparent cylindrical container in accordance with the presently preferred embodiments of the invention includes moving the container transversely through a defined path while simultaneously rotating the container about its axis.
- a line-shaped light beam is directed onto the wall of the container, with the line-shaped light beam having a long dimension perpendicular to the axis of the container and parallel to the direction of translation of the container.
- Light energy is directed onto a sensor as reflected from portions of the outer and inner wall surfaces of the container that are perpendicular to the light energy directed onto the container, as viewed from a direction parallel to the container axis, and container wall thickness is measured as a function of separation at the sensor between the light reflected from the outer and inner wall surfaces.
- a method of measuring wall thickness of transparent cylindrical containers in accordance with another aspect of the preferred embodiments of the invention includes moving the containers transversely along a defined path and simultaneously rotating the containers about their central axes.
- Light energy is directed onto each container at an angle to the axis of the container such that a portion of the light energy is reflected from the outer surface of the container wall, and a portion is refracted into the container wall and reflected from the inner wall surface.
- the portions of the light energy reflected from the outer and inner wall surfaces along a light path co-planer with the incident light energy and with the container axis are directed onto a light sensor.
- Wall thickness of each container is measured as a function of the separation at the sensor between the light portions reflected from the inner and outer wall surfaces of the container.
- the sensor is preferably scanned at increments of container translation along the path, and wall thickness is measured at angularly spaced positions around the container corresponding to the increments of container translation along the path.
- the light energy is directed continuously onto each container as the container moves along the path.
- a number of containers are moved and simultaneously rotated along the path, and the light energy is directed onto each of the containers in sequence as the containers are moved and rotated along the path.
- Apparatus for measuring sidewall thickness of a container in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the invention includes a conveyor for moving the container transversely of its axis through an inspection station and simultaneously rotating the container about its axis.
- a light source and an illumination lens system direct onto the sidewall of the container a line-shaped light beam having a long dimension perpendicular to the axis of the container and parallel to the direction of movement of the container through the inspection station.
- a light sensor and an imaging lens system direct onto the sensor light energy reflected from portions of the outer and inner sidewall surfaces that are perpendicular to the illumination energy as viewed from a direction parallel to the container axis.
- An information processor is responsive to light energy directed onto the light sensor by the imaging lens system for determining the thickness of the container between the outer and inner sidewall surfaces.
- the illumination lens system directs the light energy continuously onto each container as it moves through the inspection station.
- the conveyor is constructed to move multiple containers through the inspection station simultaneously and in sequence, and the illumination lens system includes a mirror and an actuator coupled to the mirror to direct the illumination beam onto each container in sequence as the containers move through the inspection station.
- the information processor is coupled to the actuator for selectively controlling the direction of light energy onto the containers.
- An encoder is coupled to the conveyor in the preferred embodiments of the invention, and the information processor is coupled to the encoder for scanning the sensor at increments of container motion through the inspection station.
- the conveyor in the preferred embodiments of the invention comprises a rail and a belt for rolling the container along the rail.
- the light source is disposed to direct the light energy onto an external surface of the container adjacent to the rail.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a container sidewall thickness measurement apparatus in accordance with one presently preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 illustrating the illumination and imaging lens systems in greater detail;
- FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the illumination lens system of FIG. 2, being taken in the direction 3 in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the imaging lens system in the embodiment of FIG. 2, being taken in the direction 4 in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the reflection and refraction of light energy at the container sidewall
- FIG. 6 is a fragmentary schematic diagram of the imaging system of FIG. 4 showing rejection of reflected light energy that is not coplanar with the illumination light energy;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram that is similar to a portion of FIG. 2 but illustrates a modified illumination system in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the illumination system of FIG. 7, being taken in the direction 8 in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a sidewall thickness measurement apparatus, which is similar to FIG. 2 but shows a modified embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the illumination system in the embodiment of FIG. 9, being taken in the direction 10 in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a fragmentary schematic diagram that illustrates a modification to the illumination system in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 12 is atop plan view of the illumination system of FIG. 11, being taken from the direction 12 in FIG. 11;
- FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a modification to the imaging system in FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus 30 for measuring the sidewall thickness of a container 32 in accordance with one presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a laser 34 directs a collimated light beam 35 through an illumination lens system 36 onto the sidewall 38 of container 32 .
- a portion 40 of illumination beam 35 is reflected from the external surface of container sidewall 38 , while a portion 42 is refracted into the container sidewall.
- a portion 44 is reflected from the internal sidewall surface and emerges from the external surface at a position spaced from reflected portion 40 .
- These light beams 40 , 44 are directed by an imaging lens system 46 (FIG.
- An information processor 50 is connected to sensor 48 for scanning the sensor.
- An encoder 52 is responsive to translation of the container through the inspection station for providing to information processor 50 signals indicative of translation and rotation of the container.
- Information processor 50 determines the container sidewall thickness, and is adapted to display such thickness at a display 54 and/or to initiate rejection of the container if the sidewall thickness measurement is not satisfactory and/or to supply thickness information to container molding equipment for feedback control purposes.
- Container 32 is translated and rotated through the inspection station by a conveyor 56 (FIG. 4 ).
- Conveyor 56 includes one or more linear rails 58 for engaging and supporting the container sidewall, and a linear driven belt 60 for “rolling” the containers along the opposing rails.
- the containers preferably are translated horizontally and rotated about their vertical axes.
- Conveyors of this type for simultaneously translating and rotating containers through an electro-optical inspection station are illustrated, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,874,940 and 6,172,355, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for purposes of background.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate illumination lens system 36 in greater detail.
- the output of laser 34 is directed through a cylinder lens 62 , which could be a glass rod for example, which spreads or fans the light in the plane of FIG. 3.
- a second cylinder lens 64 has its focal point at the divergence point of lens 62 . The result is that the light beam leaves lens 64 as a wide swath with its rays parallel and at approximately the thickness of the laser output.
- a third cylinder lens 66 has its focal point at the plane of the inner surfaces of rails 58 , and thus at the outer surface of container 32 in engagement with the rails.
- Cylinder lens 66 thus focuses onto the outer surface of the container a thin line-shaped light beam 35 that has along dimension perpendicular to the axis of the container and parallel to the direction of translation of the container through the inspection station, as best seen in FIG. 3 .
- imaging lens system 46 includes a cylinder lens 68 and a fresnel lens 70 .
- the combination of cylinder lens 68 and fresnel lens 70 has an image plane in which sensor 48 is disposed and an object plane colinear with the long dimension of line-shaped illumination light beam 35 at the outer sidewall surface of the container.
- imaging lens system 46 focuses reflected light beams 40 , 44 (FIG. 5) onto sensor 48 , with the separation between the light beams at the sensor being indicative of the container sidewall thickness.
- reflected light beam 44 takes the path illustrated at 44 a in FIG. 2, but yields the same wall thickness indication at sensor 48 .
- FIG. 5 illustrates the same wall thickness indication at sensor 48 .
- imaging lens system 46 ensures that only the reflected light rays 40 (or 44 ) that are reflected from points perpendicular to the illumination rays, as viewed from a direction parallel to the container axis, are directed onto sensor 48 . That is, only light rays that are incident on and reflected from the surfaces of the container in a plane that includes the container axis are directed onto the sensor. Light rays 40 a and 40 b for example, which are reflected from points non-perpendicular to the illumination light energy, are divergent and directed by lens system 46 away from light sensor 48 .
- Light sensor 48 preferably comprises a lineal array of light sensor elements, with the array being in the plane of FIG. 2 and perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 4 . Alternatively, sensor 48 may comprise an area array sensor in which only a portion is used for wall thickness measurement in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate a modification 36 a to the illumination lens system 36 of FIGS. 2-3.
- a fresnel or spherical lens 72 is positioned at its focal length from the divergence point of cylinder lens 62 , and at its focal distance away from incidence on container sidewall 38 .
- Fresnel or spherical lens 72 thus functions both to collimate and converge the light energy from cylinder lens 62 , so that the light energy is directed as a line-shaped beam onto the surface of container sidewall 38 as previously described.
- FIGS. 9-10 illustrate an apparatus 80 in accordance with a modified embodiment of the invention for translating multiple containers 32 a , 32 b , 32 c between belt 60 and rails 58 through the fields of view of the illumination and imaging systems.
- the output of laser 34 is directed in an illumination lens system 81 through a positive spherical lens 82 to converge the light to a point at the axis of rotation of a mirror 84 coupled to a galvanometer motor 86 .
- the light energy is directed through a fresnel lens 88 and a cylinder lens 90 to focus at the plane of rails 58 , and thus at the outside surface of sidewalls 38 of containers 32 in engagement with the rails.
- the illumination beam 35 a is fairly narrow and incrementally directed across the inspection station by control of galvanometer 86 and mirror 84 .
- Fresnel lens 88 is placed at its focal length away from the axis of mirror 84 .
- the divergent beam from mirror 84 thus exits fresnel lens 88 as a collimated bundle, with all rays parallel to the axis of the illumination system and perpendicular to the axes of the containers.
- Cylinder lens 90 converges the moving collimated beam into a line-shaped light beam at the point of incidence with the container sidewall, as previously discussed.
- galvanometer 86 and mirror 84 are controlled by information processor 50 (FIG. 1) sequentially to direct the illuminating light energy onto information processor 50 (FIG. 1) sequentially to direct the illuminating light energy onto containers 32 a , 32 b , 32 c within the inspection station.
- a light source 92 and a detector 94 are coupled to the information processor to synchronize the information processor to entry of containers into the inspection station.
- Encoder 50 is coupled to drive belt 60 for tracking translation of the containers through the inspection station.
- galvanometer 86 and mirror 84 are controlled by the information processor first to obtain a wall thickness measurement at container 32 a , then at container 32 b , and then at container 32 c .
- the measurement beam is then redirected onto container 32 a , which will have advanced and rotated in the inspection station and present a differing sidewall area for thickness inspection. This process is repeated continuously as containers enter and leave the inspection station, so that information processor 50 (FIG. 1) effectively samples sidewall thickness at increments around each container.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate an illumination lens system 95 , as a modification to illumination lens system 81 of FIGS. 9 and 10.
- a cylinder lens 96 is used to convert the laser output beam to a narrow line at the pivot axis of mirror 84 .
- the beam diverges and strikes fresnel lens 88 .
- the fresnel lens is placed at its focal distance from the axis of mirror 84 and the opposing surface of container 32 .
- the collimated light entering the fresnel lens is converged to a narrow line-shaped light beam at the container.
- the mirror again sweeps the divergent beam across the fresnel lens, and the light exits the fresnel lens parallel to the axis of the system.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a modification to the embodiment of FIGS. 9-10 in which the imaging lens system 99 includes a photocell 100 , 102 positioned on each side of sensor 48 .
- the imaging lens system 99 includes a photocell 100 , 102 positioned on each side of sensor 48 .
- Information processor 50 can make appropriate corrections to control of the mirror.
- photocells 100 , 102 may comprise cells of an area array sensor disposed on opposing sides of the cell array of primary interest for making container thickness measurements.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/942,897 US6806459B1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Measurement of transparent container sidewall thickness |
PT02018882T PT1288613E (pt) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-24 | Medição da espessura da parede lateral de recipientes transparentes com um feixe de luz de forma linear |
EP02018882A EP1288613B1 (de) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-24 | Wanddickenmessung eines transparenten Behälters mit einem Lichtfächer |
AT02018882T ATE384246T1 (de) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-24 | Wanddickenmessung eines transparenten behälters mit einem lichtfächer |
DE60224623T DE60224623T2 (de) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-24 | Wanddickenmessung eines transparenten Behälters mit einem Lichtfächer |
ES02018882T ES2296853T3 (es) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-24 | Medicion del espesor de la pared lateral de un recipiente transparente con un haz de luz de configuracion lineal. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/942,897 US6806459B1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Measurement of transparent container sidewall thickness |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US6806459B1 true US6806459B1 (en) | 2004-10-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US09/942,897 Expired - Fee Related US6806459B1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Measurement of transparent container sidewall thickness |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6806459B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1288613B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE384246T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60224623T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2296853T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1288613E (de) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6975410B1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2005-12-13 | Sturgill Dennis T | Measuring device |
US20060175560A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2006-08-10 | Ryuji Yokote | Method and apparatus for quality inspection |
US20070115466A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container | Method and apparatus for inspecting container sidewall contour |
US20070278433A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | Weber Gary C | Out of round detector |
US20070290388A1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2007-12-20 | Guy Feuilloley | Method for Capacitive Measurement of One Characteristic of a Thermoplastic Container in a Mold, and Mold Equipped With Same |
US20070295922A1 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2007-12-27 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring sidewall thickness of non-round transparent containers |
JP2008506111A (ja) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-02-28 | オウェンス ブロックウェイ グラス コンテナー インコーポレイテッド | リブ付き容器を検査するための装置及び方法 |
CN103477212A (zh) * | 2011-02-18 | 2013-12-25 | Msc&Sgcc公司 | 用于检测透明容器中材料分布缺陷的方法及装置 |
US8654353B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2014-02-18 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Measuring method for topography of moving specimen and a measuring apparatus thereof |
US8818755B2 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2014-08-26 | Agr International, Inc. | Container thickness measuring systems and methods |
US8913254B1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2014-12-16 | Clifton George Daley | Measuring device |
US20150204654A1 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2015-07-23 | Gerresheimer Pisa Spa | Method and apparatus for measuring the thickness of a transparent object in an automatic production line |
US20160202039A1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-07-14 | Msc & Sgcc | Method and device for determining the position and orientation of a specular surface forming a diopter |
US20170361513A1 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-21 | Soffieria Bertolini S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for the on-line internal siliconing of bottles for pharmaceutical use |
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US20060236792A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Mectron Engineering Company | Workpiece inspection system |
DE102007046387A1 (de) † | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Khs Corpoplast Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Blasformung von Behältern |
CN102809351B (zh) * | 2012-08-06 | 2015-03-25 | 北京大恒图像视觉有限公司 | 透明和半透明玻璃瓶壁厚检测装置及方法 |
CN103792208B (zh) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-12-10 | 陕西师范大学 | 玻璃器壁的光学和几何参数测量装置及其测量方法 |
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-
2001
- 2001-08-30 US US09/942,897 patent/US6806459B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-24 ES ES02018882T patent/ES2296853T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-24 EP EP02018882A patent/EP1288613B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-24 PT PT02018882T patent/PT1288613E/pt unknown
- 2002-08-24 AT AT02018882T patent/ATE384246T1/de active
- 2002-08-24 DE DE60224623T patent/DE60224623T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US4822171A (en) | 1985-01-30 | 1989-04-18 | Dipl.-Ing.Bruno Richter Gmbh & Co. | Method and apparatus for measuring the wall thickness of transparent objects |
DE3611536A1 (de) | 1986-04-05 | 1987-10-15 | Battelle Institut E V | Vorrichtung zur automatischen ueberpruefung von transparenten objekten, insbesondere von glasflaschen |
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US5136157A (en) | 1989-12-19 | 1992-08-04 | Elpatronic Ag | Apparatus for the three-dimensional inspection of hollow bodies with plural mirror for generating plural partial images |
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Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6975410B1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2005-12-13 | Sturgill Dennis T | Measuring device |
US20060175560A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2006-08-10 | Ryuji Yokote | Method and apparatus for quality inspection |
US7399983B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2008-07-15 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Quality inspection method and quality inspection device |
JP2008506111A (ja) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-02-28 | オウェンス ブロックウェイ グラス コンテナー インコーポレイテッド | リブ付き容器を検査するための装置及び方法 |
US20070290388A1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2007-12-20 | Guy Feuilloley | Method for Capacitive Measurement of One Characteristic of a Thermoplastic Container in a Mold, and Mold Equipped With Same |
US7763194B2 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2010-07-27 | Sidel Participations | Method for capacitive measurement of one characteristic of a thermoplastic container in a mold, and mold equipped with same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE384246T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
ES2296853T3 (es) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1288613A2 (de) | 2003-03-05 |
PT1288613E (pt) | 2008-05-23 |
EP1288613B1 (de) | 2008-01-16 |
EP1288613A3 (de) | 2003-03-12 |
DE60224623D1 (de) | 2008-03-06 |
DE60224623T2 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
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