US6745556B2 - Fuel system - Google Patents

Fuel system Download PDF

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Publication number
US6745556B2
US6745556B2 US10/205,327 US20532702A US6745556B2 US 6745556 B2 US6745556 B2 US 6745556B2 US 20532702 A US20532702 A US 20532702A US 6745556 B2 US6745556 B2 US 6745556B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
valve
fluid
fuel
condition
control
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US10/205,327
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English (en)
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US20030019203A1 (en
Inventor
Philip Laurence Elliott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goodrich Control Systems
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Lucas Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to LUCAS INDUSTRIES LIMITED reassignment LUCAS INDUSTRIES LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ELLIOTT, PHILIP LAURENCE
Publication of US20030019203A1 publication Critical patent/US20030019203A1/en
Assigned to GOODRICH CONTROL SYSTEMS LIMITED reassignment GOODRICH CONTROL SYSTEMS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LUCAS INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6745556B2 publication Critical patent/US6745556B2/en
Assigned to GOODRICH CONTROL SYSTEMS reassignment GOODRICH CONTROL SYSTEMS CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GOODRICH CONTROL SYSTEMS LIMITED
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/263—Control of fuel supply by means of fuel metering valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05D2270/021—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/09—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F05D2270/092—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular blow-out and relight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/09—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F05D2270/093—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies of one engine in a multi-engine system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/301—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/304—Spool rotational speed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fuel control system for use in conjunction with a gas turbine engine, primarily a gas turbine engine constituting one of the engines of a twin or other multi-engine aircraft.
  • a fuel control system for a gas turbine engine comprising,
  • a main fuel metering valve for controlling the flow of fuel to a respective gas turbine engine in use, the valve including a valve control member moveable relative to a valve body by fluid pressure applied to a pressure chamber of the valve, to control the quantity of fuel supplied through the valve between zero in a valve closed condition and a maximum in a valve fully-open condition,
  • a first fluid control valve operable to control the application of fluid pressure to said pressure chamber of said metering valve to determine the setting of said metering valve and thus the quantity of fuel supplied to the gas turbine engine through the metering valve
  • a second fluid control valve moveable from a first condition to a second condition in response to detection of such over-speed condition, said second fluid control valve serving in said first condition to apply fluid pressure derived from said first fluid control valve to said pressure chamber of said metering valve, and serving in its said second condition to prevent the application of fluid pressure derived from said first fluid control valve to said pressure chamber of said metering valve and to vent said pressure chamber to permit said control member of said metering valve to move towards a valve closed position.
  • the passage through which fluid pressure in said pressure chamber of said metering valve is vented in said second condition of said second fluid control valve includes a restrictor determining the rate at which said control member of said metering valve moves towards said metering valve closed condition.
  • said metering valve includes inlet port means connected to the supply of fluid pressure from the first fluid control valve other than through said second fluid control valve, and an internal connection between said inlet port means and said pressure chamber which opens, to supply fluid pressure from said first fluid control valve to said pressure chamber, in a position of said metering valve control member relative to the valve body in which there is a predetermined quantity of fuel supplied through the metering valve to said engine in use.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a fuel control system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • the gas turbine engine fuel control system includes a fuel metering valve 11 comprising an outer, generally stationary body 12 slidably receiving a valve control member 13 .
  • a high pressure fuel supply line 14 communicates with an inlet gallery 15 in the body 12 around the control member 13 , and a second similar, outlet gallery 16 in the body 12 is connected to a high pressure fuel output line 17 leading to the burner assembly of the associated gas turbine engine.
  • An annular chamber 18 of the valve control member 13 overlies, and communicates with the inlet gallery 15 throughout the range of axial movement of the member 13 in the body 12 , and one axial end of the chamber 18 co-acts with the outlet gallery 16 to define a variable orifice 20 controlling the quantity of fuel which can flow from the line 14 through the gallery 15 , the chamber 18 , the gallery 16 and the line 17 to the engine.
  • the size of the orifice 20 and therefore the quantity of fuel which flows to the engine, is determined by the axial position of the control member 13 in the body 12 .
  • Sliding seals 19 seal the interface of the member 13 and the body 12 and a drain passage 21 within the member 13 allows any fuel leaking past the seals to flow to a low pressure drain 22 which conveniently returns fuel through a filter to a fuel reservoir.
  • the axial position of the control member 13 within the body 12 is determined by hydraulic pressure acting on the opposite axial ends of the member 13 .
  • the member 13 defines a relatively small area piston 23 exposed to fluid pressure from a pressure regulated source 24 by way of a line 25 .
  • the opposite axial end of the member 13 defines a larger area piston 26 exposed to fluid pressure in a fluid pressure chamber 27 .
  • the system further includes a first fluid pressure control valve 28 operated by a torque motor 29 in known manner.
  • the valve 28 includes an inlet 31 and an outlet 32 and a closure member 33 of the valve, moveable by the torque motor 29 , controls the flow of fluid under pressure through the valve 28 between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 .
  • the fluid supplied from the source 24 is conveniently fuel.
  • the outlet 32 of the valve 29 is connected to a low pressure drain, and where the fluid is fuel then the low pressure drain is connected to the drain 22 .
  • the fluid pressure source 24 is connected to the inlet 31 of the valve 28 through a restrictor 34 and a line 35 connected between the inlet 31 and the restrictor 34 is connected to an inlet 37 of a second torque motor controlled valve 36 .
  • the valve 36 is a change-over valve and has an inlet port 37 , an outlet port 38 , and a third port 39 communicating with the chamber 27 of the valve 11 .
  • the outlet port 38 of the valve 36 is connected to the low pressure drain 22 by way of a restrictor 41 .
  • the control member 42 of the valve 36 which is moved by the torque motor of the valve, can occupy a first position as shown in the drawing in which the outlet 38 is closed and the inlet 37 communicates with the port 39 so that fluid under pressure from the line 35 flows to the chamber 27 , and a second, opposite position in which the control member 42 closes the inlet 37 and places the port 39 in communication with the outlet port 38 so that the chamber 27 can be vented through the restrictor 41 to the low pressure drain.
  • the body 12 of the valve 11 is provided with a further annular gallery 43 permanently connected by way of a line 44 to the line 35 .
  • the gallery 43 is permanently exposed to the fluid pressure existing between the restrictor 34 and the inlet 31 of the valve 28 .
  • Adjacent the piston face 26 an annular recess 45 is formed in the cylindrical wall of the control member 13 of the valve 11 .
  • the recess 45 is connected by way of internal passages 46 of the control member 13 to the chamber 27 but the positioning of the recess 45 axially of the valve 11 is such that there is no communication between the recess 45 and the gallery 43 until the control member 13 is in an axial position at which there is a predetermined flow through the valve between the high pressure supply 14 and the line 17 .
  • a sensor in the form of a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) 47 continually monitors the position of the control member 13 within the valve body 12 and supplies a signal representative of the position of the control member 13 to the electronic control circuit of the fuel system.
  • LVDT Linear Variable Differential Transformer
  • valve 36 is in the operating condition shown in the drawing in which the control member 42 closes the outlet port 38 and establishes connection between the inlet port 37 and the third port 39 .
  • fluid pressure from the source 24 which in use can be considered to be a constant pressure, is applied to the small area piston 23 of the control member 13 of the valve 11 and the fluid pressure existing between the restrictor 34 and the valve inlet 31 , which can vary with the setting of the valve 28 , is supplied to the chamber 27 and so acts on the opposite, larger area piston 26 of the control member 13 .
  • the force acting on the piston 23 exceeds that acting on the piston 26 the member 13 is driven towards its valve closed position and when the force on piston 26 exceeds that on piston 23 the member is driven towards its valve fully-open position.
  • the pressure existing between the inlet 31 of the valve 28 and the restrictor 34 is controlled by the degree of opening of the valve 28 , which in turn is controlled by operation of the torque motor 29 .
  • the electronic control circuit 30 of the fuel system supplies signals to the torque motor 29 to control the opening of the valve 28 in accordance with the required operating speed of the engine and the position of the control member 13 of the valve 11 as measured by the LVDT 47 and by varying the position of the control member 33 of the valve 28 the pressure in the line 35 can be varied, and thus the axial position of the control member 13 can be altered with consequential alteration in the quantity of fuel supplied from the line 14 through the control valve 11 to the line 17 and the burners of the gas turbine engine.
  • the LVDT 47 in effect provides a closed loop control over the opening of the valve 11 in that the circuit 30 can compare the actual position of the member 13 with a stored or calculated position corresponding to a desired fuel flow.
  • the electronic control circuit 30 of the engine fuel control system continually monitors the operating speed of the engine and controls the fuel supply to the engine by moving the control member 33 of the valve 28 , to maintain the engine speed in accordance with the speed commanded control system of the aircraft.
  • the electronic control circuit 30 includes an over-speed detection arrangement which, in the event that the engine speed exceeds the commanded speed by a predetermined amount, causes operation of the torque motor of the valve 36 to change the condition of the valve 36 from the condition shown, to the second condition in which the control member 42 closes the inlet 37 and places the port 39 in communication with the outlet port 38 .
  • An over-speed condition can arise, for example, as a result of failure of the valve 28 .
  • the valve 28 may fail by closing to an extent greater than that commanded by the electronic control circuit thereby increasing the pressure in the line 35 and driving the control member 13 of the valve 11 to a more open position, so supplying more fuel to the engine than is required for the commanded operating speed of the engine.
  • engine over-speed can cause the aircraft to yaw as a result of an imbalance in the thrust between engines on opposite sides of the aircraft.
  • Changing the operating condition of the valve 36 disconnects the line 35 from the chamber 27 , and thus isolates the valve 11 from any further fluctuations in the pressure in the line 35 which could arise from uncommanded operation of the valve 28 .
  • the connection of the chamber 27 through the port 39 and the outlet port 38 to the drain 22 allows the pressure in the chamber 27 to decay, and thus allows the valve member 13 to move towards its closed position reducing the amount of fuel supplied to the over-speed engine.
  • the presence of the restrictor 41 in the line between the outlet 38 and the low pressure drain controls the rate at which the pressure in the chamber 27 decays, and thus controls the rate at which the fuel supply to the engine diminishes. In the absence of the restrictor 41 it is possible that the fuel supply to the engine would be reduced so quickly that the engine could flame-out and clearly in the pre-landing approach phase of the aircraft flight cycle an engine flame-out on one side of the aircraft could have disastrous results.
  • the recess 45 is arranged to communicate with the gallery 43 , as described above, in advance of the control member 13 reaching a point at which it closes the orifice 20 cutting off the communication between the galleries 15 and 16 .
  • the member 13 approaches its closed position fluid pressure from the line 35 is applied by way of the line 44 , the gallery 43 , the recess 45 and the internal passages 46 to the pressure chamber 27 .
  • the pressure chamber 27 remains vented to the low pressure drain by way of the restrictor 41 and an equilibrium position is reached at which pressure is maintained in the chamber 27 to maintain the predetermined fuel flow to the engine.
  • the pressure in the chamber 27 will increase and the member 13 will tend to move towards its open position.
  • the communication between the gallery 43 and the recess 45 will be broken and thus pressure from the line 35 will no longer be supplied to the chamber 27 .
  • the chamber 27 pressure will thus decay by virtue of the connection through the restrictor 41 to the low pressure drain and the member 13 will return towards its closed position until the communication between the gallery 43 and the recess 45 is re-established.
  • the predetermined fuel supply to the engine will be maintained so that the engine will continue to operate and will provide some thrust whereby the pilot, or autopilot of the aircraft can maintain control.
  • the valve 36 remains in its second condition once there has been an over-speed situation until reset by the pilot.
  • the control system of the aircraft detects a fault condition affecting operation of the valve 28 then any attempt by the pilot to reset the valve 36 will be overridden.
  • the system described above therefore ensures that in an over-speed condition fuel to the over-speed engine is reduced in a controlled manner avoiding inadvertent flame-out, and is also maintained at a safe low level so that the engine can continue to operate, irrespective of fluctuations in the setting of the valve 28 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US10/205,327 2001-07-26 2002-07-25 Fuel system Expired - Fee Related US6745556B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0118214.6 2001-07-26
GBGB0118214.6A GB0118214D0 (en) 2001-07-26 2001-07-26 Fuel system
GB0118214 2001-07-26

Publications (2)

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US20030019203A1 US20030019203A1 (en) 2003-01-30
US6745556B2 true US6745556B2 (en) 2004-06-08

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US10/205,327 Expired - Fee Related US6745556B2 (en) 2001-07-26 2002-07-25 Fuel system

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US (1) US6745556B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1279810B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60207940T2 (de)
GB (1) GB0118214D0 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050217235A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Zielinski Edward J Method and apparatus generating multiple pressure signals in a fuel system
US20070234732A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-11 Honeywell International Gas turbine engine fuel control system having a transfer valve and a shutoff valve and a common controller therefor
US20110146823A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Rolls-Royce Goodrich Engine Control Systems Limited Control System
EP2837799A1 (de) 2013-07-23 2015-02-18 Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services Limited Motorkraftstoffregelungssystem
US9470152B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2016-10-18 Rolls-Royce Controls And Data Services Limited Engine fuel control system
US10428742B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2019-10-01 General Electric Company Fuel delivery system and method for a gas turbine engine

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0329626D0 (en) * 2003-12-23 2004-01-28 Goodrich Control Sys Ltd Fuel system
GB0417034D0 (en) * 2004-07-30 2004-09-01 Goodrich Control Sys Ltd Pressure regulator
EP1979593B1 (de) * 2006-02-03 2017-12-06 Rolls-Royce Corporation Gasturbinenantriebsstoffsystem mit treibstoffmessendem ventil
WO2007103201A2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Yale University Cellular delivery of sirna

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3732039A (en) * 1971-11-24 1973-05-08 Gen Motors Corp Fuel control valve
US4422289A (en) * 1981-05-12 1983-12-27 Aviation Electric Ltd. Fuel control apparatus for a gas turbine engine
US5579632A (en) * 1995-04-10 1996-12-03 Alliedsignal Inc. Overspeed governor control system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4602479A (en) * 1985-06-12 1986-07-29 United Technologies Corporation Fuel control
GB8906060D0 (en) * 1989-03-16 1989-07-05 Lucas Ind Plc Gas turbine engine fuel control system,and metering valve therefor
DE19627759C2 (de) * 1996-07-10 1998-06-04 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Brennstoffregler für Turbo-Strahltriebwerke
GB9723466D0 (en) * 1997-11-07 1998-01-07 Lucas Ind Plc Fluid flow valve and fluid flow system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3732039A (en) * 1971-11-24 1973-05-08 Gen Motors Corp Fuel control valve
US4422289A (en) * 1981-05-12 1983-12-27 Aviation Electric Ltd. Fuel control apparatus for a gas turbine engine
US5579632A (en) * 1995-04-10 1996-12-03 Alliedsignal Inc. Overspeed governor control system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050217235A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Zielinski Edward J Method and apparatus generating multiple pressure signals in a fuel system
US7386981B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2008-06-17 Honeywell International Inc. Method and apparatus generating multiple pressure signals in a fuel system
US20070234732A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-11 Honeywell International Gas turbine engine fuel control system having a transfer valve and a shutoff valve and a common controller therefor
US7587900B2 (en) * 2006-04-07 2009-09-15 Honeywell International Inc. Gas turbine engine fuel control system having a transfer valve and a shutoff valve and a common controller therefor
US20110146823A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Rolls-Royce Goodrich Engine Control Systems Limited Control System
EP2339147A2 (de) 2009-12-22 2011-06-29 Rolls-Royce Goodrich Engine Control Systems Ltd. Regelungssystem für die Kraftstoffzufuhr eines Flugtriebwerks
US8991186B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2015-03-31 Rolls-Royce Engine Control Systems Limited Fuel control system with servo valve controlled windmill relight mode
US9470152B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2016-10-18 Rolls-Royce Controls And Data Services Limited Engine fuel control system
EP2837799A1 (de) 2013-07-23 2015-02-18 Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services Limited Motorkraftstoffregelungssystem
US9771906B2 (en) 2013-07-23 2017-09-26 Rolls-Royce Plc Engine fuel control system
US10428742B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2019-10-01 General Electric Company Fuel delivery system and method for a gas turbine engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030019203A1 (en) 2003-01-30
EP1279810A2 (de) 2003-01-29
GB0118214D0 (en) 2001-09-19
DE60207940D1 (de) 2006-01-19
EP1279810A3 (de) 2004-05-19
EP1279810B1 (de) 2005-12-14
DE60207940T2 (de) 2006-08-10

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