US6722396B1 - Method for filing, cleaning and emptying large volume gas containers, especially airships - Google Patents

Method for filing, cleaning and emptying large volume gas containers, especially airships Download PDF

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Publication number
US6722396B1
US6722396B1 US10/031,437 US3143702A US6722396B1 US 6722396 B1 US6722396 B1 US 6722396B1 US 3143702 A US3143702 A US 3143702A US 6722396 B1 US6722396 B1 US 6722396B1
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gas
container
process gas
auxiliary
gas container
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Expired - Fee Related
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US10/031,437
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English (en)
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Diethard Sillat
Thomas Sauer
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FLYTEX KOCH & SAUER & Co BUOYANCY MEMBRANES KG GmbH
FLYTEX KOCH & SAUER & Co GmbH
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Assigned to LINDE GAS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, FLYTEX KOCH & SAUER GMBH & CO. BUOYANCY MEMBRANES KG reassignment LINDE GAS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SAUER, THOMAS, SILLAT, DIETHARD
Assigned to FLYTEX, KOCH & SAUER GMBH & CO. reassignment FLYTEX, KOCH & SAUER GMBH & CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LINDE GAS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Assigned to SAUER, THOMAS C. reassignment SAUER, THOMAS C. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FYLTEX KOCH & SAUER GMBH, BUOYANCY MEMBRANES KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17B—GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY
    • F17B1/00—Gas-holders of variable capacity
    • F17B1/24—Gas-holders of variable capacity of dry type
    • F17B1/26—Gas-holders of variable capacity of dry type with flexible walls, e.g. bellows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for filling large-volume gas containers, especially airships, with a process gas, as well as a method for purifying the process gas contained in such a gas container, and a method for emptying such gas containers.
  • Airships filled above all with helium have been proposed for a multitude of possible applications, especially for transporting heavy loads.
  • airships of this kind must first be filled with the gas required to lift them, for example, helium.
  • the gas used to fill the gas container will be referred to as process gas.
  • contaminants will appear in the process gas inside the airship, which effect a reduction in uplift.
  • a contamination of the helium filling with a 5% fraction of air corresponds to a 5% reduction in uplift with respect to a filling that contains nearly 100% pure helium.
  • the process gas filling in the airship must be periodically purified.
  • the airship will also have to be emptied, for example, for maintenance.
  • the filling or refilling is ordinarily implemented from gas cylinder transport vehicles, so-called cylinder trailers.
  • cylinder trailers For larger airships with a gas holding capacity of more than 6,000 m 3 (for example, 400,000 m 3 ) it has thus far been impossible to supply this quantity of gas within a short enough period of time. Excessively long down times for filling, purifying, and refilling of the airship could hamper the cost effectiveness of this type of transportation system.
  • This object is attained in terms of the filling of the gas container, in that the gas container is first filled with an auxiliary gas, which possesses a higher or lower density than the process gas.
  • the process gas to be used for the actual filling of the container is then introduced in such a way that no significant mixing with the auxiliary gas occurs, wherein, if the density of the process gas is lower than that of the auxiliary gas, the process gas is introduced into the upper area of the gas container while at the same time the auxiliary gas, or a mixture of auxiliary gas and process gas, is removed via suction from the lower area of the gas container.
  • the process gas is introduced into the lower area of the gas container, and the auxiliary gas, or a mixture of auxiliary gas and process gas, is simultaneously removed via suction from the upper area of the container.
  • process gas the gas that is actually used to fill the gas container
  • process gas a gas or gas mixture that has a lower density than air, preferably helium, hydrogen, or a mixture of helium-hydrogen is used as process gas.
  • the auxiliary gas which serves only to support the filling or emptying process, is to be differentiated from this process gas.
  • the auxiliary gas that is used possesses a higher or lower density than the process gas, with the difference in densities between the auxiliary gas and the process gas preferably amounting to at least 15%.
  • a gas or gas mixture having a density that is the same as or higher than air is used as the auxiliary gas.
  • the auxiliary gas is comprised of air.
  • the gas container is completely filled with the auxiliary gas before the process gas is introduced.
  • the exchange of gases is preferably implemented as quickly as possible, in order to keep the diffusion of the two media at an insignificant level. Expediently, the exchange of gases takes less than 20 hours.
  • a mixing zone forms as a result of physical effects (for example, diffusion, convection), in which the process gas and the auxiliary gas become mixed with a concentration drop within the mixing zone.
  • this mixing zone travels downward as the filling process advances, until the mixing zone ultimately reaches the bottom of the gas container. In the reverse case, the mixing zone travels upward.
  • the process gas/auxiliary gas mixture can be fed to a purification device when it has reached a minimum process gas concentration of 50%.
  • differences in temperature between the process gas and the auxiliary gas should be taken into account. Differences in temperature can be either avoided to exclude additional influences, or intentionally introduced to generate differences in density based upon temperature differences between the process gas and the auxiliary gas.
  • a contamination of the helium may develop over time, for example, as a result of the diffusion of air through the walls of the container.
  • purified or fresh process gas that has a higher level of purity than the process gas already contained in the gas container is quiescently introduced into the gas container in such a way that no significant mixing with the contaminated process gas in the container occurs.
  • the purified or fresh process gas is introduced into the upper area of the gas container, while at the same time the contaminated process gas is removed via suction from the lower area of the gas container.
  • the purified or fresh process gas is introduced into the lower area of the gas container, while at the same time contaminated process gas is removed via suction from the upper area of the gas container.
  • the process gas is extracted by suction from the gas container, while auxiliary gas having a lower or higher density than the process gas is quiescently introduced into the gas container in such a way that no significant mixing with the process gas occurs.
  • the process gas is removed by suction from the upper area of the gas container, while the auxiliary gas is simultaneously introduced into the lower area of the gas container.
  • the process gas is removed by suction from the lower area of the gas container, while the auxiliary gas is simultaneously introduced into the upper area of the gas container.
  • the process gas is preferably introduced over the cross section of the gas container or distributed at the upper and lower walls at a low flow rate.
  • so-called plate aerators or perforated tubes are provided, which extend over a majority of the gas container cross section or along the length of the gas container.
  • the gas inlet device which is configured expediently round or flat, is preferably positioned inside the container at the highest or lowest point of the gas container.
  • gas inlet devices that are not flat are also conceivable.
  • the auxiliary gas is also preferably distributed over the cross section of the gas container, and is introduced at a low flow rate. Similarly, during removal of the process gas it is ensured that no turbulence of the process gas takes place inside the container.
  • the invention is provided especially for use in very large gas containers, for example, airships, having a gas volume of more than 6,000 m 3 , preferably more than 50,000, especially 50,000 to 2,000,000 m 3 (for example, 400,000 m 3 ).
  • the process gas is preferably introduced into the gas container over approx. 10 to 100 hours at a volumetric flow rate of at least 500 m 3 n /h.
  • the purified process gas is advantageously piped into the gas container and contaminated process gas is removed by suction at a volumetric flow rate of at least 500 m 3 n /h.
  • At least two pressurized gas tanks are preferably used, at least one of which is filled with contaminated process gas from the gas container, while at least one other pressurized gas tank supplies the purified process gas to fill the gas container.
  • the contaminated process gas that is intermediately stored in the pressurized gas tank is expediently purified using a membrane purification device, and is intermediately stored as purified process gas in the pressurized gas tank.
  • the process gas can also be purified, for example, by adsorption or rectification processes.
  • the proposed method is suitable for use with all types of gases.
  • the use in airships, the use of helium or hydrogen or a helium-hydrogen mixture is especially envisioned.
  • the invention can, however, also be used, for example, for balloons filled with hydrogen or for large-capacity tanks, gasometers, etc. filled with helium, hydrogen, or other gases.
  • nitrogen is preferably used as the auxiliary gas in place of the otherwise preferred air.
  • the invention offers a number of advantages.
  • the gas container specifically the airship
  • the airship always remains tightly filled, so that changes in tension in the hull of the gas container are minimized.
  • the principal advantage of the invention consists in that the filling, purification, and emptying of the gas container can be implemented very rapidly.
  • the cost efficiency of this system of transportation is made possible with large-volume airships, since the necessary down times can be minimized.
  • the sole FIGURE relates to the filling, purification, and emptying of large-volume airships having a gas holding capacity of 400,000 m 3 n .
  • helium is used as the process gas
  • air is used as the auxiliary gas.
  • air is drawn in by suction at A, and is introduced via one or more air blowers 21 and via lines 26 , 20 , and 19 , into the airship 1 .
  • air is drawn in by suction at A, and is introduced via one or more air blowers 21 and via lines 26 , 20 , and 19 , into the airship 1 .
  • gas distribution device(s) 2 Only when the airship is completely filled with air is helium introduced into the airship 1 via one or more gas distribution device(s) 2 .
  • the air is drawn out of the airship 1 via one or more gas distribution device(s) 18 and the lines 19 , 20 , and 27 by means of one or more gas blowers ( 21 ). Because the airship 1 always remains tightly filled and controlled, changes in tension in the hull of the dirigible are minimized.
  • compressed helium storage containers 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 are provided, which are gradually filled with helium, supplied by helium transport vehicles.
  • An additional compressed helium storage tank 9 is left empty to hold contaminated helium, as described further below, which is drawn out of the airship 1 for purposes of purification.
  • trucks are preferably provided, which have liquid helium containers 10 having a holding capacity of 40,000 l (11,000 U.S. gallons).
  • the liquid helium container 10 is emptied, and the liquid helium is fed through an evaporator 11 , whereupon the gaseous helium is fed by means of lines 12 and 13 to low-pressure compressors 14 , which compress the gaseous helium to a pressure of at least 500 kPa.
  • the gaseous helium is fed by means of a line 15 to high-pressure compressors, which compress the helium further to a pressure of at least 1 MPa.
  • the highly compressed helium is fed via line 17 to one of the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , or 8 that still has some free capacity.
  • the helium may be supplied in gas cylinder transport vehicles (so-called “tube trailers”) ( 28 ), which ordinarily have a supply pressure of 2 to 3 Mpa.
  • the helium is then throttled via the line 34 or via a pressure regulator 29 to the level of pressure that exists in the line 17 lying therebehind, and the helium is piped, based upon its purity level, into one of the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , or 8 that still has free capacity for that purity level.
  • Each of the compressed helium storage tanks has a gas holding capacity of at least 50,000 m 3 n .
  • the helium gas is stored in the compressed helium storage tank at a pressure of at least 1 MPa.
  • the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 must be filled with sufficient helium to allow a rapid filling process. If necessary, the compressed helium storage tanks may also be supplemented with liquid helium containers and/or gas cylinder transport vehicles.
  • the compressed helium storage tanks may be filled from liquid helium tanks or gas cylinder transport vehicles over an extended period of time, after the compressed helium storage tank is filled the quantity of helium gas needed to fill the airship is available immediately.
  • the helium is fed from the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 to a gas distribution device 2 , which is located inside the airship 1 in the upper area of the airship 1 .
  • the gas distribution device 2 is comprised, for example, of perforated tubes, which cover, for example, approx. 40% of the upper length of the hull of the airship 1 .
  • the helium is quiescently introduced into the airship via the gas distribution device 2 . In this process, care is taken to ensure that to the greatest possible extent no or only slight turbulent gas flows are generated inside the airship 1 .
  • gas that is already present inside the airship air, helium, or a helium-air mixture from the mixing zone
  • gas that is already present inside the airship is drawn out of the lower area of the airship via a gas distribution device 18 .
  • care is also taken to ensure that to the greatest possible extent no or only very slight turbulence occurs in the volume of gas inside the airship, and that the airship 1 remains tightly filled.
  • the quantity of gas drawn off via the gas distribution device 18 is replaced with the quantity of helium introduced via the gas distribution device 2 , without the occurrence of any significant mixing of the introduced helium with the gas that is already present inside the airship 1 .
  • the quantities of removed gas comprised predominantly of air or air-helium mixtures, which due to a low helium concentration cannot be fed to the membrane purification device 24 , are released into the atmosphere via the gas distribution device 18 , the lines 19 , 20 , the air blower 21 , and the line 27 .
  • the quantities of removed gas that contain a sufficient helium concentration for a purification process can be subjected to a direct purification process (via the gas distribution device 18 , the lines 19 , 22 , the compressor 14 , the line 25 , the purification device 24 , the line 23 , the compressors 14 , the line 15 , the compressor 16 , the line 17 , and into one of the open pressure tanks for pure helium 5 - 9 ) or an indirect purification process (via the gas distribution device 18 , the lines 19 , 22 , the compressor 14 , the line 15 , the compressor 16 , the line 17 , into an open pressure tank for impure helium 5 - 9 , then via a line 4 , 30 , the pressure regulator 31 , the line 25 , the purification device 24 , the line 23 , the compressors 14 , the line 15 , the compressor 16 , the line 17 , and into one of the open pressure tanks for pure helium 5 - 9 ).
  • the process gas becomes contaminated due to diffusion processes, which has the effect of an undesirable reduction in uplift.
  • the gas content of the airship 1 must be purified to, for example, at least 98% helium.
  • helium of sufficient purity is drawn from one of the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , or 8 with, for example, up to 40,000 m 3 n /h and quiescently introduced via the lines 4 , 13 and 3 and via the gas distribution device 2 into the upper section of the airship 1 , while, at the same time, contaminated helium is removed by suction from the lower section of the airship 1 via the gas distribution device 18 and lines 19 and 22 , through the compressors 14 and 16 , and is intermediately stored in an empty compressed helium storage tank 9 .
  • the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 are gradually emptied to fill the airship 1 , and the compressed helium storage tanks 9 , 8 , 7 , and 6 are again filled with contaminated helium from the airship 1 .
  • the gas content of the airship 1 can be completely exchanged, so that in the end the airship 1 is completely filled with helium of sufficient purity, while four of the compressed helium storage tanks are filled with contaminated helium and one compressed helium storage tank again remains empty.
  • this manner takes place a rapid exchange of the gas filling inside the airship 1 , while the actual purification of the helium can be performed when the airship is already back in operation.
  • the contaminated helium is removed from the compressed helium storage containers and fed via lines 4 and 13 and via the compressor 14 and the line 25 to a membrane purification device 24 .
  • the membrane purification device is designed such that, with a flow rate of at least 100 m 3 n /h, the helium can be purified from a purity level of at least 50% to at least 95%.
  • the helium purified in this manner is fed via the line 23 to the compressors 14 , and further via the line 15 to the compressors 16 , where it is compressed to a pressure of at least 1 MPa, and finally it is fed via line 17 into an open compressed helium storage tank 5 , 6 , 7 , or 8 .
  • the pressure tanks 6 , 7 , 8 , and 9 that are filled with contaminated helium are gradually emptied, the helium is purified in the membrane purification device 24 , and the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 are again filled with purified helium.
  • the compressed helium storage tanks 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 are again filled with purified helium.
  • four of the compressed helium storage tanks contain purified helium, while another is again empty.
  • the helium is removed by suction from the top via the gas distribution device 2 , while air is simultaneously fed in at the bottom via the gas distribution device 18 .
  • the helium that is drawn off by suction via the line 3 and the compressors 14 and 16 is intermediately stored in the compressed helium storage tanks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US10/031,437 1999-07-20 2000-07-18 Method for filing, cleaning and emptying large volume gas containers, especially airships Expired - Fee Related US6722396B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934015A DE19934015A1 (de) 1999-07-20 1999-07-20 Verfahren zum Befüllen, Reinigen und Entleeren von großvolumigen Gasbehältern, insbesondere Luftschiffen
DE19934015 1999-07-20
PCT/EP2000/006865 WO2001005653A1 (de) 1999-07-20 2000-07-18 Verfahren zum befüllen, reinigen und entleeren von grossvolumigen gasbehältern, insbesondere luftschiffen

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US6722396B1 true US6722396B1 (en) 2004-04-20

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US10/031,437 Expired - Fee Related US6722396B1 (en) 1999-07-20 2000-07-18 Method for filing, cleaning and emptying large volume gas containers, especially airships

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US (1) US6722396B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1206381B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE260204T1 (de)
AU (1) AU6435500A (de)
DE (2) DE19934015A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001005653A1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100102164A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-04-29 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free alternative fuel source
RU2539411C2 (ru) * 2012-01-17 2015-01-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Казань" Способ опорожнения участка магистрального трубопровода от газа и устройство для его осуществления
US9102391B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2015-08-11 Rinaldo Brutoco Hydrogen lighter-than-air craft structure
RU2642905C1 (ru) * 2016-12-28 2018-01-29 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург" Способ выполнения ремонтных работ на газораспределительной станции магистрального газопровода без прекращения газоснабжения потребителя
RU2685784C1 (ru) * 2018-05-28 2019-04-23 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Уфа" Способ опорожнения участка газопровода
US10308340B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2019-06-04 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel source
RU2704064C1 (ru) * 2019-05-06 2019-10-23 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург" Способ опорожнения участка газопровода, подлежащего ремонту, вытеснением природного газа и способ приведения в движение самодвижущихся поршней-вытеснителей (варианты)
US10589969B2 (en) 2018-04-25 2020-03-17 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free alternative fuel source
US20220097841A1 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Inflatable kite

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10102699A1 (de) * 2001-01-22 2002-07-25 Flytex Koch & Sauer Gmbh & Co Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Befüllen, Reinigen und Entleeren von großvolumigen Gasbehältern, insbesondere LTA-Luftfahrtgeräten
FR2845967A1 (fr) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-23 Stephane Guedon Dispositif pour rendre les dirigeables plus legers
FR2914393B1 (fr) * 2007-03-27 2009-07-17 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif de preparation de bouteilles de gaz sous pression.

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US1549061A (en) * 1923-08-31 1925-08-11 Chenu Alcide Jules Joseph Process and apparatus for the renewal of the gas of aerostats and the like
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US6408902B1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-06-25 Ting Chau Liau Balloon-inflating device

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DE403834C (de) 1922-10-03 1924-10-08 Alcide Jules Joseph Chenu Verfahren zur Traggaserneuerung
US1549061A (en) * 1923-08-31 1925-08-11 Chenu Alcide Jules Joseph Process and apparatus for the renewal of the gas of aerostats and the like
US4012016A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-03-15 Dynapods, Inc. Autonomous variable density aircraft
US5368067A (en) 1993-03-23 1994-11-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Gas storage and recovery system
US5454408A (en) 1993-08-11 1995-10-03 Thermo Power Corporation Variable-volume storage and dispensing apparatus for compressed natural gas
US6408902B1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-06-25 Ting Chau Liau Balloon-inflating device

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10308340B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2019-06-04 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel source
US8820681B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2014-09-02 Rinaldo Brutoco Lighter-than-air craft docking system using unmanned flight vehicle
US20150028154A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2015-01-29 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free alternative fuel source
US9102391B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2015-08-11 Rinaldo Brutoco Hydrogen lighter-than-air craft structure
US8336810B2 (en) * 2008-10-29 2012-12-25 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free alternative fuel source
US9493223B2 (en) * 2008-10-29 2016-11-15 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free alternative fuel source
US20100102164A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-04-29 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free alternative fuel source
RU2539411C2 (ru) * 2012-01-17 2015-01-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Казань" Способ опорожнения участка магистрального трубопровода от газа и устройство для его осуществления
RU2642905C1 (ru) * 2016-12-28 2018-01-29 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург" Способ выполнения ремонтных работ на газораспределительной станции магистрального газопровода без прекращения газоснабжения потребителя
US10589969B2 (en) 2018-04-25 2020-03-17 Rinaldo Brutoco System, method and apparatus for widespread commercialization of hydrogen as a carbon-free alternative fuel source
RU2685784C1 (ru) * 2018-05-28 2019-04-23 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Уфа" Способ опорожнения участка газопровода
RU2704064C1 (ru) * 2019-05-06 2019-10-23 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург" Способ опорожнения участка газопровода, подлежащего ремонту, вытеснением природного газа и способ приведения в движение самодвижущихся поршней-вытеснителей (варианты)
US20220097841A1 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Inflatable kite
JP2022053828A (ja) * 2020-09-25 2022-04-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 インフレータブルカイト
US11639222B2 (en) * 2020-09-25 2023-05-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Inflatable kite

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6435500A (en) 2001-02-05
EP1206381A1 (de) 2002-05-22
WO2001005653A1 (de) 2001-01-25
DE19934015A1 (de) 2001-02-08
DE50005443D1 (de) 2004-04-01
ATE260204T1 (de) 2004-03-15
EP1206381B1 (de) 2004-02-25

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